Wu Mei
Wu Mei
Wu Mei (1884-1939), named Qu an and Shuangya, was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. He is a theorist and educator of modern opera and a writer of poetry. Du QUPU and Qu are very proficient and have a deep research on the history of modern opera. There are many disciples of Wu Mei. Most of the students who are famous for studying opera in Nanjing University are Wu Mei's postgraduates. From the autumn of 1922 to the spring of 1927, he taught for five years in National Southeast University, the predecessor of Nanjing University. From the autumn of 1928 to the spring of 1932, and from the autumn of 1932 to the autumn of 1937, he taught in Central University for eight and a half years. It has trained a large number of opera researchers and educators who have made great achievements in their studies. Wu Mei has made many achievements in literature, especially in opera creation, research and teaching. She is known as "a master of Quxue with all kinds of works, degrees, performances and collections in modern times".
Character experience
Wu Mei devoted her whole life to the research and teaching of traditional Chinese opera and other rhythms. His main works include Gu Qu Zhu Tan, general theory of Qu Xue, introduction to Chinese opera, research on Yuan opera, North and South CI Pu, etc. There are also 12 kinds of legends and zaju. It has trained a large number of opera researchers and educators who have made great achievements in their studies.
Wu Mei has a profound study of classical poetry, prose, CI and qu. her works include Shuangya Shi Lu, Shuangya Qu Lu and Shuangya CI Lu. He is also good at making, composing, evaluating and performing music. There are more than ten kinds of legends and dramas, such as wind tunnel mountain and frost cliff three dramas. From 1905 to 1916, he successively taught in Suzhou Soochow University, Cungu school, Nanjing fourth Normal University and Shanghai Minli middle school. From 1917 to 1937, he was a professor at Peking University, National Southeast University, National Central University, Sun Yat sen University, Guanghua University and Jinling University. He is proficient in Kunqu Opera. He not only organized many excellent plays since the Tang and Song Dynasties, but also created many Kunqu Opera. He is the first professor to bring Kunqu Opera, a folk art, into the University. He teaches Kunqu Opera and drama in the literature department of Peking University. His disciples include famous professors, great writers, and masters of pear garden, such as Zhu Ziqing, Tian Han, Zheng Zhenduo, Qi Yanming, famous Peking opera performing artists Mei Lanfang and Yu Zhenfei, and the president of Tokyo University in the 1980s is also Wu Mei's disciple. Taiwan's famous Kunqu artists are the second generation of Wu Mei's disciples. In 1993, the China Federation of literary and art circles and the Chinese Dramatist Association held an academic seminar on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Wu Mei in Suzhou, the hometown of Wu Mei. Many experts and scholars from home and abroad, especially from Taiwan, came to the seminar.
Unfortunately, this famous professor and Kunqu master died in a foreign country in his prime. In the words of his eldest grandson Wu Lin (his father is the third, graduated from Civil Engineering Department of Shanghai Jiaotong University, and engaged in railway bridge design and construction), the old man is brilliant but timid. When the Anti Japanese war broke out, Wu Mei, who was teaching in Central University at that time, decided to "move in" and flee. From Suzhou to Xiangtan via Wuhan, from Xiangtan to Guilin, from Guilin to Kunming. On January 11, 1939, Professor Wu and his family set out from Kunming, took a bus for two days and walked for two days to liqitun, Dayao County. Although Li qitun, which could not be found on the map of Yunnan at that time, was not far from Kunming, its living conditions were very poor. Lack of medicine, poor health conditions. Wu Mei, who lived in liqitun of Dayao County for two months, is known as a generation of opera master who "clearly distinguishes the merits and demerits of Quxue, makes clear the rules, becomes a family and leads the way later". She died of recurrent laryngeal disease at the age of 55. Two days before he died, he wrote to a friend: "he fled to Hubei, then to Hunan, then to Guangxi, and finally to Yunnan. It's a long way to go. It's a long way to go. It's a long way to go. It's a long way to go. It's a long way to go. It's a long way to go. It's a long way to go. It's just a long way to go back to my hometown. " Unfortunately, the dream failed, can only return home. What's puzzling is that Professor Wu Mei, who loved classical poetry, prose, CI and Qu as a child and still had poetry on her way to escape, refused to let her descendants learn prose. It's not too much to describe Wu Mei as having devoted her whole life to the cause of ancient poetry, literature and opera. Before he left Kunming, he still copied the records of frost cliff poems by hand. A few days before he died, he still checked the works of his disciples and wrote the four seasons flowers in feather tune: "faqu continues Changping, which makes the Xianfan affairs, Jiaoer resentful, and composes the sound of autumn. In the former dynasty, there were no dreams and tears, but now Wuchang is bloody. Old mountains, new soldiers, disorganized couple, who knows the name. An Neng painted all this from life. The bitter words of the spring warbler are unbearable. It makes tea wake up, wine wake up, flower wake up, moon wake up, people wake up. " Hua Xingyue wakes people up. A skinny but sober Professor, while composing poems and lyrics, is powerless to write wills. He can only write one or two wills a day. In the end, he told his grandchildren to learn to work and not to write Wu Mei has four sons, all of whom study science and engineering.
Personal achievement
Mr. Wu Mei has made many achievements in literature, especially in opera creation, research and teaching. She is known as "a master of Quxue with all kinds of works, degrees, performances and collections in modern times" (Mr. Shuangya's ideas on Quxue by Wang Yuzhang). Mr. Wang has been teaching all his life.
Academic achievements
Wu Mei's most important academic achievement lies in the creation and research of traditional Chinese opera. Mr. Pu Jiangqing said: "in modern times, Wang Jing'an and Wu Mei are two of the most famous researchers of drama. In the aspect of historical research, Mr. Jing'an is the pioneer in the study of opera history, but in the study of opera itself, Mr. qu'an should be pushed to go his own way. " Mr. long Yusheng said that he "specializes in northern and Southern music, and is good at making music score, composing lyrics, and clapping. Recently, there has been no other one.". Mr. Wang Weimin, who edited and edited the complete works of Wu Mei, said that in the history of Chinese opera, everyone was good at making music, discussing music, history of music, or singing. In the heyday of Kun Opera, "there are only a few people who have two or three specialities, especially four or five specialities". However, Wu Meixian, who lived in the decline period of Kun Opera, is still very rare However, he was able to "make, discuss, history, collect, proofread, compose and sing all in one", and he also made great achievements in Opera Education, which is a miracle.
In terms of creation, when he was 16 years old, he wrote the legendary "Blood Flower flying" to commemorate the Six Gentlemen of 1898. In the past 30 years, he wrote 14 plays, and there are 12 extant ones. Represented by "three plays on frost cliff" which he chose on his 50th birthday, he had all kinds of melodies and Ci poems. On the desk, he was good at two aspects, with bright characters and tortuous plots, reaching the highest level of that era. Traditional opera itself is a kind of comprehensive art. If it had not been for its high accomplishment in literature, music, dance and fine arts, it would not have achieved much.
In terms of the study of melody, Mr. Gu has many monographs, such as Gu quzhutan, general theory of Quxue, and brief score of northern and southern CI. On the basis of previous research results and his own artistic practice, he comprehensively and systematically discusses the artistic rules of making, composing, singing and performing. In the aspect of Qu history research, Mr. Yuan's introduction to Chinese opera is the first general history of Chinese opera with a broad view; Yuan Opera Research and quhaimu Shuzheng also serve as a link between the past and the future; frost cliff quhua, sumotashi quhua and sumotashi Quzhi take the traditional form of quhua to comment on the form and function of Sanqu and Ju The content not only lays the foundation for the author's further research, but also provides valuable reference materials for future research. Mr. Wu Mei is also highly accomplished in the study of CI. Mr. Zhu zumou once proofread Mengchuang CI for four times, while Mr. Wu Mei can still make new discoveries when rereading Mengchuang CI. His monograph "general theory of Ci" contains history in theory and combines history with theory. He has many creative ideas from metrical to practical.
Creation of poems and songs
Mr. Wu Mei has created poetry, CI and qu. the style of Ci is bold and unrestrained, which is easy to be close to poetry, while the tactful is easy to be close to qu. therefore, it is difficult to establish a unique style in ci writing. However, his attainments in Qu deepen his understanding of the rhythm of CI. Therefore, he focuses on his works of nostalgia and expressing his will, with clear and fresh feelings, vigorous diction, clear images, implicit and elegant instructions, and can strictly abide by the rhythm of CI Song Dynasty. Scholars may think that the achievement of his Ci is higher than that of his poetry.
Mr. Wu Mei's poems, written in four volumes of "records of frost cliff poems" before her death, contain 381 poems in chronological style. Not only the number is more than that of Ci and Qu, but also the life experience, communication, thought and artistic development of Mr. Wu Mei. The poems began in 1898 and ended in 1938. They reflected the major social and historical events in the past 40 years, from the reform movement of 1898, the revolution of 1911, the restoration of Hongxian, the warlords' scuffle to the Japanese invasion of China and the rise of the Anti Japanese army. They showed the poet's strong patriotism. The poems of praising history and cherishing people, commenting on books and paintings all contained true feelings and practical learning Zhuan, Juejue light Qian Liuli, Lu Shigong in antithesis, each has its own characteristics. The poet's self-evaluation is: "do not open the atmosphere, do not rely on the door.". To be alone is to be a bandit today and a bandit in the past. " It's valuable to know that "not to open the atmosphere" is because Mr. Chen clearly realized that "it's difficult to be good at both poetry and music". He made great efforts in the study of music, and it's unrealistic to try to open the atmosphere for a while in his poems. However, because he insisted on "not following the door", he could reach the realm of "banditry today and banditry in the past".
Most of Mr. Wu Mei's Ci are recorded in frost cliff CI. There are 137 words in it.
Mr. Wu Mei's music includes "frost cliff music"
Chinese PinYin : Wu Mei
Wu Mei
