Wang Zhe

wang chongyang

Wang Chongyang (1112-1170), formerly known as Zhongfu, was named Yunqing, but later renamed Shixiong and Dewei. After entering the Tao, he changed his name to zhe, whose name was Zhiming, and his name was chongyangzi. Call yourself Wang San (third in the list) or Wang you crazy. Xianyang (now Xianyang, Shaanxi), a Taoist in Jin Dynasty, is the founder of Quanzhen Taoism.

Life of the characters

He has been a local family for many generations. He was a good scholar when he was young, but later he entered the government school and became a scholar when he was middle school. In his early years, he was a Confucian, good at writing, riding and shooting. Qifuchang (1130-1137) should be the Ministry of rites test, failed, jinxizong Tianjun (1138-1140) early years and should be martial arts examination, examination of a branch, with a sigh of ambition to manage the world. Later, he served as a wine collector for a long time, so he resigned angrily and lived in the mountains. In the fourth year of Jin Zhenglong's reign (1159), he abandoned his family and traveled abroad. He met a stranger in Ganhe town and taught him the true secret of cultivation, so he became a monk. He built a tomb in Nansha village and lived in the tomb for more than two years. He called himself "Tomb of the living dead". In 1167, Jin Dading left Shaanxi and went to Shandong to preach. He took Ma Danyang, Tan chuduan, Liu chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong, and sun Buer as his apprentices. He established three religious societies in Wendeng, Ninghai, Fushan, Dengzhou (now Penglai) and Laizhou (now ye County), including Qibao society, Jinlian society, Sanguang society, and Yuhua society. Because Wang Chongyang called his nunnery "Quanzhen hall" in Ninghai, Shandong Province, all those who entered the Taoism were called Quanzhen Taoists. In 1169, Jin Dading brought his disciples Ma, Tan, Liu and Qiu back to the West. In January of the next year, they emerged in Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and were buried in the former residence of Liu Jiang Village in Zhongnan (now Zuan Town, Huxian County, Shaanxi Province). Later, Quanzhen Taoism honored this place as the ancestral court. Yuan Shizu to Yuan six years (1209) as "Chongyang Quanzhen Kaihua Zhenjun.". In 1310, Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty was granted the title of "Fuji emperor of Quanzhen Kaihua in Chongyang".

Establishing Quanzhen Taoism

After the reform and rectification by Kou Qianzhi and Lu Xiujing in the southern and Northern Dynasties, the traditional Taoism experienced a long period of time in the Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song dynasties. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were new changes. The talisman school combined with the inner alchemy to form the Lei FA system of "refining the inner alchemy and using the outer alchemy". Wang Chongyang, based on the cultivation of inner alchemy, advocated the unity of the three religions. He advocated forgetting to speak without heart, being weak and quiet, being honest and sincere, thinking less and wanting less, and becoming a monk. Because of his inner practice of "seeking the truth back", he advocated the perfection of both merits and deeds in order to become immortal and prove the truth, so he called it "Quanzhen".

In his practice, Wang Chongyang advocated to become a monk and go to an nunnery, and established the Taoist sect form of living in a nunnery. Wang Chongyang himself gave up his wife and daughter to practice at home at the beginning of his practice. When he was in Duhua, Ma Yu and sun Buer, who had already established a family, also encouraged them to become a monk. Therefore, he emphasized that becoming a monk was a major feature in the early days of Quanzhen Taoism. Wang Chongyang believes that all monks must first go to an nunnery. Because the nunnery is a house, which is the dependence of human beings. When the body has support, the mind will gradually be stable, and Qi and God will be able to enter the truth. Wang Chongyang attached great importance to the practice of group form. He advocated that the practitioners should "cooperate with Tao", but he had a clear requirement for the conditions of Tao companion.

Wang Chongyang advocated the elimination of worldly desires in his practice. He once told Ma Yu that "when ordinary people enter the Tao, they must abstain from lust and wealth, love and worry, and there is no good medicine.". He believed that wine, color, wealth and Qi would make people downcast, confused and absent-minded. Therefore, in order to achieve success in practice, food and clothing should be simple. In addition to abstaining from alcohol, sex, wealth and Qi, Wang Chongyang also taught the disciples to keep a quiet mind, live a simple and natural life, and cultivate their lives. He taught the congregation in the list of three states and five associations: don't go astray in practice, eat when you are hungry, close your eyes when you sleep, and don't use deliberate meditation or learning Taoism. You just need to get rid of distractions and keep your mind pure, which naturally means practice.

Wang Chongyang focused on inner alchemy and paid great attention to the cultivation of nature and life. For example, he mentioned in the 15th treatise on the establishment of Chongyang religion and the 11th treatise on mixing life: "nature is God, life is Qi. If you see life in your nature, it's like a bird in the wind. If you lift it lightly, it's easy to save effort It can be seen that he thinks that sex and life are equally important to practice, and they are mutually beneficial. Wang Chongyang also regarded inner alchemy as a ladder leading to sermon, and there were a lot of works using inner alchemy terms in his poems on the subject of practice.

Wang Chongyang advocated the equality of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and put forward the harmonious theory that "the three religions have always been one ancestor". In Quanzhen Taoism, we mainly study Tao Te Ching, supplemented by filial piety and Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra.

Wang Chongyang's missionary footprints are all over Shaanxi, Shandong and Henan. Among them, the most famous seven are ma Danyang, Tan chuduan, Liu chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong, and sun Buer. They are known as the "north seven truths" in later generations.

Character works

《

On the Tenth Five Year Plan of establishing Chongyang religion

》，

Wang Chongyang's important writings, this book discusses the basic purpose of Quanzhen Taoism, stipulates strict discipline, integrates three essences of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and is an important classic document for studying Quanzhen Taoism. It is included in the first volume of orthodox daozang.

Chinese PinYin : Wang Zhe