warlord head of the Zhili military faction

warlord head of the Zhili military faction

Wu Peifu (April 22, 1874 - December 4, 1939), Ziyu, was born in Penglai, Shandong Province. During the period of the Republic of China, he was the leader of the direct warlord, the first-class general of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army, the patrol envoys to the two lakes of Shandong and Henan, and the commander-in-chief of the 14 provinces' anti thief coalition.

In his early years, Wu Peifu studied in Kaiping military preparation school and Baoding army rapid military academy. After graduation, he worked in the staff office of Beiyang military training institute. During the revolution of 1911, he served as the third division commander under Cao Kun. Cao Wu formed a military clique during the period of the northern warlords, which was known as the direct warlords in history. In 1920, the Zhiwan war broke out between Wu and Cao warlords and Duan Qirui's Wan warlords. Cao and Wu won the battle and became the masters of Beijing. During his stay in Beijing, Wu Peifu advocated holding a national assembly to solve domestic problems, but Cao Kun and other warlords objected, so he had to lead his division back to Luoyang. When Xu Shichang was the president, he appointed Wu Peifu as the vice envoy of Zhilu and Henan. In 1922, Wu Peifu opposed Liang Shiyi's cabinet to sell the rights and interests of the Jiaoji Railway to Japan, and opposed Anhui politicians who were directly related to the General Administration, which led to the Zhifeng war. In the end, Zhang zuolin's Fengxi was rushed out of the pass. This war made Wu Peifu famous and became the chief figure of his lineage. In 1923, Cao Kun became president, and Wu Peifu was promoted to tour envoy of Zhiyu and Lu. However, Wu later suppressed the labor movement, failed in the northern expedition, fled to Sichuan, and then returned to Beiping. Wu Peifu's Anti Japanese stance was firm and clear-cut. After the September 18th Incident, he took part in Anti Japanese activities many times.

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese secret service wanted to choose Wu as a puppet to establish a national political power, which was rejected by Wu Yanci. On December 4, 1939, Wu Peifu died of illness. Wu Peifu defended the great national interests and kept the late Festival. He was awarded the rank one general of the army by the Kuomintang government. He was also the first Chinese to appear on the cover of time magazine and was called "biggestman in China" by time magazine.

Life of the characters

Early years

On April 22, 1874, Wu Peifu was born in Penglai County, Shandong Province. In 1879, he entered a private school. The next year, he was sent to a private school by his father. He still recited his lessons in silence in the noise, and was highly valued by his husband. Guangxu nine years (1883) began to make an article. In 1886, he finished studying four books and five classics. In 1890, his father died of illness. Wu Peifu and his mother were dependent on each other, and their family was getting cold. He went to Penglai navy camp to study as a soldier. In the spring of 1891, he went to Dengzhou prefecture to study from Li PISEN, a Suzhou Confucian.

In 1896, Wu Peifu was the third scholar in bingshen section of Dengzhou Prefecture. In the autumn of the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), Wu Peifu was dismissed as a scholar and fled to Beijing in order to write Spring Festival couplets and divination for a living. In the spring of the 23rd year of Guangxu (1898), Wu Peifu was funded by his cousin Wu Liangfu and invested in the Nie Shicheng Department of the left army of Wuwei in Tianjin. He was in charge of Shen and was known as Guo Xudong. In February 1901, Wu Peifu was admitted to the infantry class of Kaiping military preparation school. In September, Yuan Shikai was appointed governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang. He moved Kaiping military preparation school to Baoding and established "Beiyang rapid military preparation school". Wu Peifu gave up the opportunity to continue to study in the school and joined the Tianjin army police force as the chief officer.

During the Russo Japanese war in 1904, the Deputy military officer of the Japanese Embassy, Aoki Xuanchun (a former instructor of the Beiyang Army), and Yuan Shikai discussed with China on the joint organization of Japanese intelligence agencies and the recruitment of northeast "horse thieves". Yuan selected dozens of capable sergeants from the Beiyang army and formed a joint detective team with them. Most of these officers graduated from the surveying and Mapping Department of Baoding army accelerated school, so their work was quite fruitful. Among them was Wu Peifu, the leader of the direct warlord. Wu Peifu used to be an officer of the staff office of the Beiyang supervision and training office. After participating in Japanese espionage activities, he went in and out of the Northeast several times. During that time, he was captured by the Russian army, but he refused to confess. After being sentenced to death, he jumped out of the car and escaped. After the war, he was promoted to the rank of captain, and was honored by the Japanese army. In 1906, he went to the third town of Qing army to control Cao Kun. With his intelligence and flexibility, Cao Kun gradually appreciated him and began his political career.

Warlord scuffle

On February 12, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Emperor Puyi abdicated. On February 29, at the instigation of Yuan Shikai, Cao Kun made a mutiny in the third town to scare away four envoys who welcomed Yuan Shikai to the south. Wu Peifu accompanied him. In September, he was appointed head of the third artillery regiment of the sixth Brigade (Zhang Hongkui) of the third division of the Central Army (Cao Kun), stationed in Nanyuan. On December 12, 1915, Yuan Shikai declared himself Emperor. On the 21st, Yuan Shikai issued the order of conferring knighthood, and Cao Kun was granted the first rank. Wu Peifu was promoted by Cao Kun to the commander of the sixth brigade.

On January 14, 1918, Wu Peifu attacked the Yasukuni army of Li Tiancai in Xiangyang. On January 24, Li Tiancai and Liu Gong were defeated and left Xiangyang to the West. On January 25, Wu Peifu occupied Xiangyang. On January 30, Wu Peifu served as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the first route (Cao Kun) and attacked Hunan. On February 6, Cao Kun went down from Tianjin to Xiaogan, Hubei Province, where he set up a base camp for the southern expedition. He set up the general headquarters of the first route army in Liuyuan, Hankou, and ordered Wu Peifu to act as the acting division commander and former commander in chief of the third division, leading the army to fight in Hunan. Changsha was occupied on March 27. However, the Beijing government appointed Zhang Jingyao as governor of Hunan Province. However, Cao Kun only got a "first-class Big Ribbon Baoguang Jiahe Medal", while Wu Peifu got a "second-class Big Ribbon Baoguang Jiahe Medal" as an encouragement. It is also reported that Duan Qirui plans to replace Cao Kun with Xu Shuzheng as the commander of Zhili. The victory of Hunan did not let Wu Peifu be the governor of Hunan, on the contrary, he wanted to let out his own territory and position. Cao Kun was extremely dissatisfied with this. On April 4, he resigned as Xuanfu emissary of the two lakes and asked for leave to "nourish the cudgel". Wu Peifu was unable to provide enough money and equipment. In order to divide the lineage, Duan Qirui awarded Wu Peifu the title of "general Fuwei" on June 3 to dismantle Cao Kun's platform. This time, although Cao Kun was the main fighter, he did not want to fight in person. On June 20, the Beijing government appointed Wu Peifu as deputy commander of the Guangdong aid army. On August 7, Wu Peifu, supported by Cao Kun, called Jiangsu governor Li Chun, denouncing "reunification by force" and accusing Anfu Parliament. On the 21st, he called Feng Guozhang to issue a strike order. In cooperation with him, Cao Kun kept pressing the Beijing government for payment. On the 28th, Duan Qirui called on the main battle faction to discuss the way to deal with CaO and Wu, and decided to urge the Fengxi and Wanxi troops to advance, so as to maintain Zhang Jingyao's position as governor of Hunan. After that, Wu Peifu sent a series of armistice and electricity, which won praise. In order to strengthen the anti Duan momentum, on September 26, he issued a telegram drafted by Wu Peifu and signed by the generals of the north and the south, asking Feng Guozhang to issue a truce order.

In the autumn and winter of 1919, with Cao Kun in series, the four direct governors of Hebei, Jiangsu, Hubei and Jiangxi and the three Fengxi provinces formed an anti Anhui alliance. On December 28, Feng Guozhang died and Cao Kun became the leader of his lineage. Wu Peifu was captured by Zhang Jingyao of Anhui Province for his territory, so he decided to strike the war and join hands with the southern army. On November 28 of that year, Wu Peifu, together with Lu Rongting, Mo Rongxin, Tan Haoming, Tan Yankai and others, organized the so-called "national salvation alliance" at the Hengyang conference. On January 17, 1920, Wu Peifu called for the withdrawal of the army to return to the north on the ground that the economy in front of him was poor and the officers and soldiers wanted to return home. After that, the wording became more and more intense. In order to prevent Wu Peifu's army from withdrawing to the north, Duan Qirui forcibly replaced Zhao Ti, the governor of Henan Province, and sent his wife and brother Wu Guangxin instead. Wu Peifu was opposed by a telegram. Regardless of the Beijing government's approval or not, he sent people to send more than 700 families of the direct army back to the north in early March, and called Zhang Jingyao to take over the direct army's defense. On May 25, Wu Peifu led his troops to withdraw to the north and arrived in Hankou on May 31. On June 7, Wu Peifu arrived in Zhengzhou and arranged the main force along the Beijing Wuhan railway. On the 13th, Wu Peifu sent a telegram to the eight provincial governors of Anhui Province, proposing to hold a national assembly to solve all problems. In response to the direct army, Fengjun also scattered troops into the pass.

On April 14, 1921, Cheng Shen and sun Huiyou of Henan province raised a case against Zhao Ti in Zhangde. Wu Peifu originally supported the overthrow of Zhao, but Zhao Ti colluded with Zhang zuolin, Zhang zuolin forced Cao Kun, and Wu had no choice but to send troops. On the 18th, the case of Zhangde was settled. On April 27, Cao Kun, Zhang zuolin, Wu Peifu and other Beiyang generals jointly sent a telegram to oppose Guangzhou's presidential election. In July, because Wang Zhanyuan, the governor of Hubei Province, only paid attention to his personal belongings and provoked a mutiny, Hunan and Sichuan sent troops to fight. On the 29th, the battle between Hunan and Hubei began, and Hubei troops were defeated. Wang Zhanyuan asked Wu Peifu for help. Wu ordered Xiao Yaonan, commander of the 25th division, to be the "commander-in-chief of aid to Hubei". On the 30th, he went to dahankou and stood by at liujiamiao to watch Wang Zhanyuan's defeat. By the end of 1921, after more than a year of military expansion and training, Wu Peifu had more than 100000 troops. In the same year, the Beiyang military government appointed Wu Peifu as the tour envoy of the two lakes, leading the army to the south to quell the war between the two lakes. At this time, Wu Peifu's official position was equal to Cao Kun's, and his influence was growing. During this period, the struggle between Zhifeng and Fengshui for the central government and the sphere of influence became increasingly fierce. The lineal warlords first occupied the area of zhiluyu and seized the territory of Jiangsu and Shaanxi, and then Wu Peifu won the two lakes. It is obvious that the lineal warlords occupied half of China. After the Zhiwan war, Zhang zuolin's power outside the Guan area developed rapidly.

Lineal leader

On January 2, 1922, Wu Peifu sent a telegram to Beijing for payment, but Liang Shiyi failed. From the end of April to the beginning of June, the first Zhifeng war broke out. Wu Peifu, 48, was the commander-in-chief of the Zhifeng army,

Chinese PinYin : Wu Pei Fu