Wu Zhiying

Wu Zhiying

Wu Zhiying (1857-1918) was born in Mingshan District, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Sichuan was a famous scholar, Confucian classics scholar and calligrapher. He has been a lecturer in Zizhou Yifeng academy and Jianzhou tongcai academy, a tutor in Guanxian County, a lecturer in Chengdu Zunjing academy, a member of Jinjiang academy, and a member of National Academy. In response to the "Kang Liang reform", he organized the "Shu society" to establish the Journal of Shu, and he was the main writer himself. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, he went back to his hometown and lived in seclusion. He studied knowledge and devoted himself to writing. His 72 volumes of Shoulu series were handed down from generation to generation. Zhao Xi, a litterateur and calligrapher at that time, praised "his books are magnificent".

Wu Zhiying, a doctor in Qing Dynasty

Doctors in Qing Dynasty. I don't have enough details. After tasting the book "the division of meridians", we can see that it has been published in the world. Wu Zhiying (1857-1918) was a Confucian scholar and calligrapher. Mingshan County. He studied in Zunjing Academy in Chengdu. He has successively served as the lecturer of Zizhou Yifeng academy and Jianzhou tongcai academy, as well as the principal (Dean) of Chengdu Zunjing academy, Jinjiang academy and Sichuan Guoxue college. He used to be the main writer of Journal of Shu and publicized the reform.

Wu Zhiying, who advocated Shu learning, fought against imperialism and saved the country

Brief introduction

Wu Zhiying (1857-1918) was born in Wugou, cheling Town, Mingshan County, Sichuan Province. My grandfather Wen Zhe and father Ming Zhong are all outstanding scholars. When she was five years old, Wu Zhiying took classes with her grandfather. Because of his talent and diligence, he was able to write at the age of 8. At the age of 16, he won the first prize in the Yazhou capital. At the age of 17, he was selected to study in Chengdu Zunjing academy by Mao CAI. He was cultivated by Wang Kaiyun, the master of Confucian classics and the head of the Academy at that time, and his knowledge is growing day by day. He once took part in a local examination, the first paper was accepted, but he was eliminated due to careless pollution of the examination paper. In a rage, he vowed never to take the examination again. In his twenties, he had a very high attainments in classics, history, CI and Zhang. He was good at three rites, parallel prose and calligraphy. Wang Kaiyun praised and said, "if you want to measure the ancient times, you must hand it over to Wu Bojie. He is a master of Gongyang, a collection of classics and a collection of prescriptions. ① During the period of the Republic of China, Li Zhaofu also said in his compendium of local chronicles of Sichuan: "since Wang Kaiyun came to Shu, he advocated the idea of learning rich and poor classics. As a result, the study of Qianlong and Jiaqing flourished in Shu. At that time, scholars flourished and great masters emerged in large numbers. Liao (Ping), song (Yu Ren), Wu (Zhi Ying) and Zhang (SEN Kai), especially those who ordered Wen Yan. "

Knowledgeable

Wu Zhiying has a great deal of knowledge, such as poetry, song and Fu, classical and historical articles, rhyme and rhythm, and the study of the classics. He had his own family in poetry and prose, and praised the "Apprentice knowledge" at that time. The various literary schools of "emptiness and superficiality" and the various literary styles of "only imitation, self-reliance" all hold a negative attitude. It is advocated that the writing should have substantial content, precise organization and profound implication. Song Yuren, a contemporary scholar, commented on his poems, "compared with modern writers, he is like Hu Zhiwei (Tianyou) and Wang Zhongqu (tan), so he is firm and bright. He thinks deeply in classics and brilliant in Han style, so he is solemn and unrestrained.". ② According to Hu Gong's parallel prose, poetry is vigorous, Wang Neng's poetry is good at parallel prose. Wu Zhiying inherited the instructions of the court when she was young, and "read the ancient prose for a long time, and gradually knew that it had a good taste, so she could get it by taking care of it.". ③ Later, he entered Zunjing academy and was cultivated by Wang Kaiyun. "All the poems and essays of his disciples can inherit his style, and those who stand on their own It's going to be Wu Zhiying. ④ He is the descendant of Kaiyun literature and represents an important school of literature in the late Qing Dynasty. When he wrote poems and essays, he was often "lengthy and lengthy, involved in many other aspects, and even overlapped and repeated.". Extended metaphor, like the ancient trees in the mountains, standing on the cliffs, the branches and leaves are mixed with each other, and the vines are luxuriant, which makes people unable to distinguish the way of branches and leaves. Liao Ping, a master of Confucian classics studies in the late Qing Dynasty, said that his articles "actually came from Huainan, but they are taboo. Therefore, his articles are more leisurely and diffuse, and his meaning can be known by reading more lines.". ⑤ Wu Yu, a senior of Wu Zhiying, also said: "Mengshan (that is, Wu Zhiying) was written by the scholars of Zhou and Qin Dynasties." Therefore, uncle Liu Shen said, "Mengshan's character literature should be sought by the people of Zhou and Qin Dynasties.". Wu is good at seven character ancient poetry. It is said that the syllables are used in ancient Yuefu, and they are despised after Sui and Tang Dynasties. Wu's poems are based on Chu Ci, Han Jiao Si Ge, Bao Zhao, Wu Jun, Xue Daoheng, Lu Sidao, Li Bai, Du Fu, Yuan Zhen and Zi Juyi. He thinks that "Li and Du are pure and rigid, so they are rare in length. The words of yuan and Bai are narrated, so they lack vigor. If it fits the two schools and melts, there will be more than a thousand words, less than a few hundred words, and there will be no shortage of the two schools. ⑥ Most of his ancient poems are consistent with his exposition. Such as GuanShanYue, crying Yangrui, Shanghai trip, Summer Palace, mengchage, dujiangjian, Guihu, Donghu, etc. Among them, Guan Shan Yue, which describes the hardships of the border city's garrison, is a representative work of his.

English works

Wu Zhiying wrote many works, including "Shou Li Lu series" published in the world, including 17 volumes of "Yi Li Gui Gu", "Li Qi Tu" and "Li Shi Tu", 3 volumes of "Zhou Zheng San Tu", 1 volume of Han Shi Chuan Jing Biao, 4 volumes of "Tian Tian Tu Kao", 4 volumes of "Jing Mai Fen Tu", 1 volume of "Wen Ji", 1 volume of "Shi Ji", 8 volumes of "e Yan He Tian". In addition, there are 15 volumes of Zhuzi Jue, 20 volumes of general history of China, 7 volumes of Gongyang Shiyi, 4 volumes of primary school, 4 volumes of yiyilu, 1 volume of Mengshan Shichao, and 1 volume of Beizheng Jiguan.

Life achievements

In 1882, Wu Zhiying entered the capital for imperial examination. She sailed eastward from Jiuyanqiao, Chengdu, and passed through cities along the Yangtze River. She witnessed the corruption of the imperial government, the poverty of the people, and the wanton behavior of the great powers in China. She could not help but sigh with emotion that "the best of times, the worry of humanity" brought about the idea of benefiting the world and saving the nation. He once wrote a long poem "a trip to Shanghai", which revealed the latent crisis of society by describing the prosperous appearance of the city. In the third year of chaokao's return to Sichuan, he traveled alone in Wuxia, berthed by the river, and met with his grandparents and grandchildren who returned home with a coffin. His ancestors wrote the picture of returning to the boat in Wuxia, and expressed their mind with what they saw along the way, so as to expose the coldness and darkness of the society, the greed and licentiousness of the officials, gentry and rich men, and reflect the hardships of wandering people in the difficult years with a sympathetic tone But see to swim not to return, cry ape empty for visitors sad. The state of Shu is now barren, and officials and businessmen still talk about Tianfu. Kuimen, the son of the prince of Zhao and the grandson of the king of Chu. The mountain god is not green, and the river god is dead. Steal Zhuo money and steal women, Chanyuan stay luxury travel for a long time. The king of Xiang had a dream for three thousand years. Where is the heart of Mingyue village? The Orioles are new and the horses are old. I've got enough money to wrap around my waist, and I'm leaning on my knife. " ⑦ During his training in Guanxian, the Sino Japanese war broke out. Since then, the western and Eastern powers, covetous, Russia occupied a large number of brigades, Japan swallowed Taiwan, Dessau Jiaozhou, France peeped at Guangdong and Guangxi, and the country's situation has become increasingly weak. The westernization movement led by Li Hongzhang suffered a series of major failures, and reformism led by Kang and Liang flourished. Under the influence of the reform movement, Emperor ZenI of Guangxu also had the ambition to strengthen himself and chose talents to assist the State Administration. Wu Zhiying, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi and Song Yuren were all highly valued. Yang and Liu were promoted to the important departments of the reform and reform, and walked on the military aircraft Zhangjing. In accordance with the imperial edict, Song Yuren presided over the changzunjing Academy of industry, commerce and mining in sij11, and recommended Wu Zhiying and Liao Ping as both speakers of the Academy. Song and Liao Ping initiated and organized the "Shu society". Wu Zhiying not only actively participated in the activities of the society and acted as the keynote speaker, but also founded the Journal of Shu in the name of the society with Song Yuren and Xu Yu, promoting the reform and reform through newspaper propaganda. He was the main writer of the newspaper, and published articles such as "the beginning of the Journal of Shu", "the lecture notes of Shu studies", "the theory of political leaders", "the theory of mining", "the theory of saving the weak as a user", "the theory of Legalists being good at restoring the ancients" and so on. In view of the political and economic malpractices of the imperial court, this paper puts forward the idea of reforming the internal affairs and striving for strength.

In politics

He thinks that the external reason why the national power is getting weaker and weaker is the invasion of foreign powers, and the internal reason is the officials' circuitous, slow, tired and lazy, who only know how to benefit the body but not the monarch, and how to benefit the family but not the country. Because it is difficult for those in power to fill in their private pockets, there are "treason to officials" and "treason to the people". "There are three ways to betray officials: those who want to do what they want to do, break our laws and discipline, and abuse our people; relying on the old system, taking advantage of the opportunity, accumulating for the cause, and defeating the country.". ⑧ We should "prohibit treason in the future and strive for self-improvement", that is, reform and reform. On the revitalization of political affairs, he advocated: first, there should be the skill of knowing and employing people. The key to governing is to choose good officials and to know people well. The criteria of selecting officials are: one virtue, two loyalty. From this, we can choose the good and let it go, "the good of the good is responsible for it", "the evil of the evil will go". ⑨ Second, we should carry out strict legal management. After employing people, we should first select the officials who discuss and enforce the law. Those who discuss the law must know the law well; those who enforce the law must be fair, clear and even. When the imperial court made the law, it was necessary to "uphold the balance to establish, regardless of the opinions of the world", and then "the people did not dare to break the law, the officials did not dare to suppress the people with the law", and "although the sages and sages were intelligent, they did not dare to open a word to pervert the law; although the family of thousands of gold did not dare to use one baht to enforce the law". （11）

On the economic side

In the aspect of economy, he thinks that taxation is unfair. Rich families have a lot of fertile land, and the burden of taxation is light. Poor families with a small amount of barren land have a heavy burden. Some corrupt officials, who have established their own names and have their own pockets, have made "the poor people resent and prosper" and (12) "there is no escape from poverty in the government.". Farmers in the countryside, who toil to raise pigs, cattle, sheep, or grow tea, fruit and other sideline income, have to levy taxes when they trade in the market. Those "rich merchants, butchers, traders, and merchants, who make friends with each other in the city of trade, make a profit and supply for the poor.".

Chinese PinYin : Wu Zhi Ying