Xiang Xiu

Xiang Xiu

Xiang Xiu (about 227-272), Ziqi, was born in huaixian, Hanoi (now Wuzhi, Henan Province). He is one of the Seven Sages in the bamboo grove. He was good at reading to Xiuya, and was kind to Ji Kang, Lu an and others. In 263, after Ji Kang and Lu an were killed by Sima Zhao, Xiang Xiu went to Luoyang to be interviewed by Sima Zhao. Then he went to Huangmen to serve as a servant. He died in 272.

Xiang Xiu likes to talk about the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi. He once annotated Zhuangzi, which is praised as "ingenious analysis and extraordinary, great smoothness of Xuanfeng (Shishuo Xinyu · Literature)". He regretted that he died before his annotation was completed. Guo Xiang inherited the rest of his Zhuangzi annotation and completed the annotation of Zhuangzi. In addition, his works are "Ode to the past" and "Nanji Shuye's theory of health preservation".

Life of the characters

Early experience

Xiang Xiu was famous for his articles when he was young. Later, he learned a lot from studying Zhuangzi and was known by Shan Tao when he was lecturing in the countryside. Shantao listened to Xiangxiu's talk about the profound and profound, and his views were extraordinary, just like "peeping through the dark when he has gone out of the dust", so they became friends.

Bamboo forest tour

Under the guidance of Shantao, they met Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, who were both "bamboo Tour". Xiang Xiu is good at reading, friendly with Ji Kang, Lu an and others, but not good at drinking. Ji Kang is "extremely skillful and easy to forge", so we can often see them playing iron under the willow tree in front of Ji Kang's house. Ji Kang holds the hammer and blows wind to Xiang Xiu. They cooperate with each other by tacit understanding, acting like no one else and enjoying themselves. At the same time, they also subsidize some household expenses in order to "support themselves". Xiang Xiu also often goes to Lu'an's house to help him with his vegetable garden. The three of them fall in love.

Friend killed

When Xiang Xiu helped Ji Kang strike iron, he witnessed that Zhong Hui was ridiculed by Ji Kang. This incident became the source of Ji Kang's beheading. Xiang Xiu witnessed what happened later, which also affected his later life. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), Xiang Xiu realized in melancholy and confusion, in depression and wandering, and his mood became more indifferent and peaceful. He expounded the spirit of Zhuangzi's thought with his heart.

After Ji Kang and Lu'an were killed, Xiang Xiu once traveled westward past their old residence. At dusk, he heard the loud and sorrowful sound of the flute from his neighbors. He recalled the past love of playing together and the unrestrained talent of Ji Kang and Lu'an, and wrote the famous poem "Ode to the past".

Old age

After Ji Kang was killed, Xiang Xiu, under the pressure of power, went to Luoyang to be interviewed by Sima Zhao. Sima Zhao asked Xiang Xiu, "I heard that you had the ambition to live in seclusion before. Why did you come to see me today?" Xiu said, "people like Chao Fu and Xu you can't understand Emperor Yao's thirst for talents. Therefore, the life of seclusion is not to be envied." Later, Xiang Xiu became an official servant in Huangmen and a regular official in Sanqi.

In 272, Xiang Xiu died.

Xiangxiu biography in the book of Jin records: "Xiuyou was entrusted by several sages, and Xiao Xie died at the age of one year. Only good Chuang Tzu, chat should Cui write note, in case forget cloud Xiang Xiu likes to talk about the study of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Although the book Zhuangzi was popular at that time, the old annotation in the past "can't study its purport", and he once annotated the book Zhuangzi. When Xiang Xiugang began to annotate Chuang Tzu, Ji Kang said: "the mysterious words and wonderful ideas in Chuang Tzu will be stifled by the annotation. There was no better annotation before. If you can't annotate it well, it's better not to annotate it." Until Xiang Xiu showed the manuscript to Ji Kang, Ji Kang knew that Xiang Zhu made the metaphysics of Zhuangzi more beautiful, so he was greatly impressed by Xiang Xiu's talent and knowledge. Xiang Xiu died before he finished his notes, while Guo Xiang inherited his remaining thoughts from Zhuangzi and wrote 33 notes on Zhuangzi, which had a profound impact on later metaphysics.

Main achievements

Politics

In his early years, Xiang Xiu was indifferent to his official career and wanted to live in seclusion. After Ji Kang was killed by Sima Zhao, in order to avoid disaster, he had to comply with the imperial court's coercion and became an official. He successively served as a servant of Huangmen and a servant of sanqichangshi. However, he chose to be an official instead of doing anything.

works

Xiang Xiu had a deep research on the Warring States philosophical work Zhuangzi. He once annotated Zhuangzi and created a new way to annotate Zhuangzi in metaphysics. He was praised as "ingenious analysis and extraordinary, great Xuanfeng" (Shishuoxinyu · Literature) ", and" those who read Zhuangzi are transcendent and self satisfied for a while "(Jin Shu · Xiangxiu Biography)", which became the blueprint of Guo Xiang's annotation of Zhuangzi. Seeing this, Lu an sighed that "Zhuangzhou is not dead.". Xiang Xiu also wrote notes to the book of changes, which is said to be "considerable in great righteousness", but "not as good as concealing Zhuang", both of which have been lost. In addition, there is a treatise on Nanji Shuye's health preservation, which is included in Jizhong Sanji, and a treatise on Sijiu Fu is included in Wenxuan and Jinshu.

In Nanji Shuye's health preservation theory, to inspire Ji Kang to further expound his health preservation thought, Xiang Xiu affirms that "thinking about five flavors in mouth and five colors in eyes" is "the principle of nature" and "the feeling of heaven and earth", advocates "opening nature without exception", and believes that "courtesy is the most important thing" and "seeking for things is the most important thing" And desire, such as fame, wealth and so on, so as to emphasize the integration of "nature" and "Mingjiao". Through the mutual understanding of Confucianism and Taoism reflected in Xiang Xiu's annotation, "the differences between Confucianism and Taoism can be resolved through careful interpretation of words and sentences, so as to lay the ideological foundation for practical application".

Xiang Xiu passed by his old residence, heard the loud and sad sound of the flute of his neighbor at dusk, and remembered the works of his good friends Ji Kang and Lu an. Xiang Xiu reposes the desolation of the right and the wrong with the scenes of "the depression of the wilderness", "the old residence" and "the empty house"; through the poems of Shuli and maixiu by the poet and the allusions of Li Si's punishment, he vaguely implies the unfair and unfortunate experience brought by the change of dynasties. Looking back on the past and looking back on the present, worry comes from it, and the feeling of regret is beyond expression. However, due to the sinister political environment at that time, it was inconvenient to speak out, and there was a feeling that words were not enough.

Philosophical thought

All things are self generated and self transformed

The theory of respecting you

Philosophy

Viewpoint:

Xiang Xiu demonstrated that the process of "no birth and no change" of all things is the same as "the root of biochemistry". He also has a preliminary metaphysical theory in the aspects of "no waiting to be carefree" and "change and rise and fall", which involves some social and political reality. Xie Lingyun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty commented on "in the past, xiangziqi took Confucianism and Taoism as a whole (guanghongmingji, Volume 18)", and the notes of "Xiangxiu biezhuan" in "Shishuoxinyu · Yanyu" recorded that "(Xiu) qiangguan wrote" Confucianism and Taoism ", abandoning it but not recording it, good things may exist.". It is Xiang Xiu's academic ideal to connect Confucianism and Taoism, and the new meaning of "self birth and self transformation" expounded in Zhuangzi serves this purpose.

Yes《

A leisurely Tour

》Note for:

Xiang Xiu's description of Mirs and birds in Zhuangzi xiaoyaoyou is beyond the predecessors. In these two images of great contrast, he found the essential equality: carefree is the best state of life existence, and carefree is the satisfaction of nature. If you meet your own nature, then carefree itself has no difference, just like the feeling after sleeping on a gold bed or a wooden bed. From this point of view, as long as they are suitable for their own nature and self satisfied, there is no difference between the small and the big, even between the saint and the mortal. According to Liu Xiao's annotation in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Wen Xue, Xiang Xiu believes that the ideal realm of "Xiaoyao" exists in the real secular society, and is not obtained by the external domination of "noumenon". The key lies in each individual's responsibility. "Xing" and "Fen" belong to people's inner "natural principle". According to the idea of "lust is natural" advocated in his "difficult to keep in good health", as long as the requirements of human's natural nature are met, the Mirs at a height of 90000 miles and the Chifeng who grabs Yu Fang can reach the state of freedom. Ordinary people are free and unfettered because of "waiting". The sage's "no waiting" is not absolute seclusion, but is able to adapt to any material environment according to "waiting with things and the underworld". In this way, being free and unfettered only needs to be self-sufficient and to be treated as it is. Ordinary people and "the best" can be "the same as Datong". The philosophical basis of this kind of carefree is still the ontological thought of "self birth and self transformation" of all things. After Guo Xiang's development, his recognition of secular and famous religions has become the ideal personality of scholar officials who are "in the temple and in the mountains".

Anecdotes and allusions

"Shi Shuo Xin Yu" records: after Xiang Xiu died, his son was still young, and his father's notes were not published. Xiang Xiu's manuscripts were stolen by Guo Xiang. Guo Xiang wrote Qiushui and Zhile, and changed the notes of horseshoe. The rest of the articles only arranged the words a little and spread in his own name. For thousands of years after that, when people talked about the annotation of Zhuangzi, they regarded Guo Xiang as everyone, but ignored Xiang Xiu's remarkable achievements.

Historical records

1. Biography of Xiangxiu in the book of Jin

See: Jin Shu

2. New sayings of the world

See: new words of the world

3. New sayings of the world literature

See: new words of the world

4. New sayings of the world

See: new words of the world

5. A new account of the world: Jian Ao

See also: Jian Ao

Comments on later generations

Xiang Xiu is one of the "Seven Sages in the bamboo grove". Though thousands of years have passed by, Xiang Xiu's new meaning of Xiaoyao and his viewpoint of the compatibility of Confucianism and Taoism in Zhuangzi's notes can not erase his unique brilliance.

Xiang Xiu not only pursues individual freedom, but also maintains the social system, which is the dual cultural character of the literati. However, the psychological pressure caused by the contradiction between the two makes the spiritual world of the literati in the Wei and Jin Dynasties full of anxiety, confusion and loss

Chinese PinYin : Xiang Xiu