Huang's

Huang

The Huang surname, known as the Huang surname in ancient times, is one of the Chinese surnames. It is a typical multi-ethnic and multi-source surname, mainly derived from the Ying surname and the surname change of ethnic minorities. According to Sima Qian's historical records of the Qin Dynasty, Huang, one of the fourteen surnames of Ying, was a descendant of Boyi in ancient times. Dalian, Boyi's eldest son, was the leader of Huangyi. In the Xia Dynasty, the ancient state of Huang was established, and in the Shang Dynasty, the state was taken as the surname. "Bamboo annals" contains: "after (Xia) phase ascended the throne, two years, Zheng Huangyi." The oracle inscriptions of Shang Dynasty have the record of "cutting at Huang Yin and ER Qiang". The oracle inscriptions (6213 BC, b.4642 BC) record that "the three sheep of Emperor Huang Yu" and "Zhen is used for Huang Yu and San Niu" during the sacrifice. They tell about the sacrifice of merchants, which is the earliest record of Huang Yin and Huang Yu.

Huang's family name ranks 96th in the song edition of the Hundred Surnames. By 2006, there were about 27 million people surnamed Huang, accounting for about 2.2% of the national population. According to the population, the ranking of surnamed Huang has risen from eighth to seventh.

After the destruction of the state of Huang by the state of Chu, some people began to move south. After the Song Dynasty, the surname Huang spread to Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Fujian and other places. At present, the population of Huang is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian, Jiangsu and other places.

Historical development

Main sources

① The distant ancestor can be traced back to Boyi in the era of Emperor Shun. Boyi was the fifth grandson of emperor SHAOHAO, and his grandmother was the granddaughter of emperor Zhuanxu. Boyi has made great contributions to water control,

By the Emperor

Shun

be given the emperor's family name

Surname Ying

.

Among his descendants, Huang established the state of Huang in the early Xia Dynasty in Huangchuan, Henan Province. When Shang defeated Xia, he supported the Shang Dynasty. When Zhou defeated Shang, he remained neutral and his title was reduced to Viscount, so he was called Huangzi. In the spring and Autumn period, the state of Chu prevailed, and only the state of Huang and Sui dared to contend. In 648 BC, the state of Huang was destroyed by the state of Chu. After the fall of the state, the descendants of the state of Huang took the name of the state as their surname.

② Yuanzu can be traced back to SHAOHAO, the Jintian family, in the era of the five emperors. Taitai, a descendant of the Jintian family of SHAOHAO, was the head of Shuiguan. He was granted the title of fenchuan in Zhuanxu's time. In the spring and Autumn period, the descendants of Taitai established the states of Shen, Si, Zai and Huang, which were later destroyed by Jin. Among them, the descendants of the Duke of the state of Huang took the state as their surname.

① From ancient times

Huang Longshi, an official under Fuxi.

Huanglongshi, also known as Huanglong, Huangshi, huangzhongguan and Longshi, is the official name set by Fuxi, which is Zhongguan. The descendants of Huang Long Shi's descendants are called Huang Long's surnames, some of which take their ancestors' official names as surnames, and later referred to as Huang's surname and long's surname.

② From far

Huang Yun, an official under the ancient Yellow Emperor

. Huang Yun, the official name set by the Yellow Emperor, is the middle official. The descendants of Huang Yun are known as Huang Yun's family name by their ancestors' official names, and later referred to as Shan surname Huang's, Yun's, etc.

In ancient times, Huang and Wang shared the same pronunciation, so some Wang surnames were changed to Huang surnames; there were other reasons to change Huang surnames, such as Lu surname, Wu surname, Wu surname, Jin surname to Huang surname, etc.

① Hui changed Huang's surname: today's Hui Huang's is a small number of Pu's Hui who changed Huang's surname in order to avoid the "anti color eyes" in the late Yuan Dynasty.

② The Manchu changed the Huang surname: the wuzhala surname of the Manchu originated in ningguta (now Ningan, Heilongjiang Province), and later developed into four Han surnames, namely Huang, Zi, Hong and Bai. It belongs to Chinese surname.

Migration communication

In ancient times, in the south of today's Yanshan mountain, it was one of the birthplaces of the Huang family. Later, the people followed Dalian to Huangchuan and established the Huang state. In 648 BC, after Huangchuan was destroyed by the state of Chu, a small number of Huang family members fled to central Henan, while a large number moved to the hinterland of Chu and settled in Hubei.

From the Warring States period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Huang had been transferred to Hubei in large numbers, and gradually formed two Huang's princes, Jiangling and Jiangxia. Based on this, the surname Huang developed to the south of the Yangtze River, "floating in the south of the Yangtze River to realize the seashore". The footprints of the surname Huang have reached Shaanxi and Sichuan in the west, East China Sea in the East, Hunan and Jiangxi in the south. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the four surnames of Lin, Huang, Chen and Zheng in the Central Plains first entered Fujian.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Huang's clan was divided into different clans, and there was a new action of developing southward. One branch moved from Jiangxia to the southeast, passed through Jiangxi and entered Zhejiang, and formed Jinhua Huang family in Jinhua area. One branch of Jinhua Huang family moved from Huangyu and Huangfu to Xiushui, Jiangxi Province in the Five Dynasties, and formed Shuangjing Huang family in Xiushui county. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shuangjing Huang family developed a famous literary giant and filial son Huang Tingjian. The other branch first moved from Jiangxia to Gushi, Henan Province, and then moved to Henan Province Southward through Anhui and Jiangxi, it reached Shaowu, Fujian, and formed the Huang family of Shaowu. Some of them entered Vietnam and became local surnames. It was in the late Ming Dynasty that Huang family entered Taiwan.

As the main force of Huang family had moved away from the North during the Qin and Han Dynasties, he suffered less damage from several wars in the north of China. The surname Huang developed steadily and greatly in southern China, especially in the song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. It flourished most in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and finally formed a typical southern surname today.

population distribution

During the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), there were about 1.2 million people surnamed Huang, accounting for about 1.6% of the total population, ranking the ninth in the Song Dynasty after Wang, Li, Zhang, Zhao, Liu, Chen, Yang and Wu. Jiangxi is the first largest province with the surname of Huang, accounting for 27.5% of the total population of Huang and 4% of the total population of Jiangxi. The distribution of Huang's family name in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi and Fujian, which account for 53.5% of the total population of Huang's family name in China, followed by Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangdong and Henan, with 24.5% of the total population of Huang's family name in these four provinces. The country has formed four large gathering places of Huang surnames with Jiangxi and Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, Sichuan and Henan as the center.

During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), there were about 2.2 million people with the Huang surname, accounting for more than 2.3% of the national population, which was the seventh largest surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the 600 years of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net growth rate of the national population was 20%. The growth rate of Huang's population was much higher than that of the national population. In the 600 years, the net growth rate of Huang's population was as high as 83%, with a net increase of 1 million. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi (23.8%) and Fujian (15.8%), which account for about 40% of the total population of Huang, followed by Guangdong (10.5%), Guangxi (10.1%) and Zhejiang (9.8%), which account for 30% of the total population of Huang. Jiangxi is still the first largest province with the surname of Huang, accounting for about 4% of the total population of Jiangxi. During the 600 years of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, the general distribution pattern of the Huang family changed greatly, and its population mainly migrated to the southeast and South; while the population of the Huang family in Sichuan mainly migrated to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan, and the population of the Huang family in Sichuan decreased by 50%. Two large areas of Huang's population, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi, have been formed in China, with the center of gravity shifting from the southeast to the south.

At present, the population of Huang family is nearly 27 million, accounting for about 2.2% of the national population, ranking seventh. Guangdong has the largest population of Huang, accounting for 19.5% of the total population of Huang. In the whole country, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Sichuan and Hunan, accounting for about 42% of the total population of Huang, followed by Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian and Jiangsu, with another 28% in these five provinces. In the whole country, the Yangtze River is regarded as the watershed, and the Yellow surname is less in the north and more in the south. The south of the Yangtze River, especially the Pearl River Delta, is a high concentration area of Huang. Secondly, in the southeast of Sichuan, the east of Hunan and the south of Jiangxi, there are two sub high density Huang surname areas.

In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of the migration of Huang's family is quite different from that of song, yuan and Ming Dynasties. There is a certain migration from southeast to central and North China, and the migration to the West and south is very strong, which is greater than that from north to Southeast.

The areas with the highest density of Huang's population per unit area are eastern Guangdong, Western Fujian, central Guangdong, eastern Hunan, southern Jiangxi and Southeast Sichuan. The Huang's population per square kilometer is more than 8.7, especially in Chaozhou, Guangdong. The Huang's population per square kilometer is more than 17, and the central area is more than 21. The areas with the highest distribution density of surnames Huang (8.7-21 people / km2) only account for 5.7% of the total land area, with a population of about 5.67 million; areas with 2.9-8.7 people / km2 account for 27.9% of the total land area, with a population of about 14.35 million; areas with less than 2.9 people / km2 account for 66.4% of the total land area, with a population of about 5.96 million.

The distribution of Huang's family name is very wide, but uneven. Huang is one of the most common surnames in Guangdong and Guangxi. In Guangxi, Guangdong, southern Hunan, Taiwan, southern Jiangxi, Southern Fujian, Southeastern Guizhou and Kashgar, Xinjiang, the proportion of Huang surname in the local population is generally more than 4.2%. In Guilin and Qinzhou of Guangxi and Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong, the proportion is as high as 8.4%, accounting for 11.6% of the total land area. In Sichuan, Eastern Yunnan, Northwestern Guizhou, Northern Hunan and Lake area, the proportion of Huang surname in the local population is more than 4.2% In northern China, northern Jiangxi, Northern Fujian, Zhejiang, Southern Jiangsu, Southern Anhui and most of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, the proportion of Huang surname in the local population is generally 1.4% - 4.2%, and the total coverage area accounts for 22.6% of the land area; in other northern and northwestern regions, the proportion of Huang surname in the local population is generally below 1.4%, and the total coverage area accounts for 65.8%, of which the proportion is less than 0.5% This area accounts for 36% of the total land area.

traditional culture

County Hall

Jiangxia County: first established in the sixth year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (201 BC). It is located in Anlu (now Yunmeng County, Hubei Province). Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the north of Hubei Province and the south of Henan Province. This branch of the Huang family is the home of Huang Xiang, the Minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is located in Anlu (now Yunmeng, Hubei Province).

Kuaiji Prefecture: it was established in Qin Dynasty. This branch of the Huang family comes from Huangchang in the Eastern Han Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Huang Shi