Wang Yuyou

Wang Yuyou

Wang Yuyou, named Shenzhi and Jieqi, was born in Wugong mountain. After his death, he was named Wenjie in private, and was known as Mr. Wenjie in the world. He was born in 1615 of Wanli and died in 1684 of Kangxi. He was 70 years old. His ancestors were from xiaoxingzhou (now luanpingbei, Hebei Province). His original surname was MI. He moved to Zhili Xincheng when he was the eighth patriarch. He was redundant to the Wang family and changed his surname to Wang. Wang Yuyou's father was named Yanshan and his name was Weiying. My father's name is Jianshan, and his word is Huiying. There is a brother named Yu Ke and a brother named Yu Yan. Before 1640, Wang Yuyou was adopted to his uncle as an heir.

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Wang Yuyou is young and ambitious. He who is smart knows the whole by reading. At the age of 16, he was a disciple of doctor bu. At the beginning, he followed Lu Shan, a native of Dingxing, to continue his studies. Later, he was educated by sun Qifeng, a native of Rongcheng, and became teachers and friends with Mao Yuanyi, Du Yue and Diao Bao. He was once appreciated by Zuo Guangdou, a native of Tongcheng. Lu Shanji and sun Qifeng were the academic masters in the north in the late Ming Dynasty, and they attached great importance to Wang Yuyou. In the early Qing Dynasty, the northern academic masters Yan Yuan and Li Long were Wang Yuyou's disciples and respected him. Yan Yuan once said: "master Wen, Liang, Gong, thrifty, let, Jie Qi get two, Wen, Gong is also." Wang Yuyou was so magnanimous that he could learn from others. He said that he could not do it in his life, and even "did it as a father" to Wang Yuyou. Li Long also said: "the spring breeze is full, the economy is full, I am inferior to Wugong." After the death of Wang Yu you, his eldest son, Wang Fu, also thought that Li long could best pass on his father's learning. When Wang Yuyou was lecturing at Xianling academy, his disciples traveled from far to near, with hundreds of them.

Xincheng, Yizhou and Xianxian are not far apart. Wang Yuyou grew up in the land of Youyan. He was influenced by the theory of nature since he was a child, and suffered from the struggle with the eunuch party in the late Ming Dynasty and the drastic change of the Ming Dynasty's death. Therefore, he is quite a legacy of Yan Zhao's impassioned elegy. His academic research is based on the theory of human nature, with practical learning and material as the main purpose, with clear body and practical application as the main purpose, and with the evil between and sincerity as the main purpose. His body and mind are mainly governed by sincerity and respect, and his daily use is mainly practiced. To treat others with loyalty and filial piety, he is easy to understand, but to himself, he stands alone, works hard, likes to be a chivalrous person, and is upright and upright. Although Wang Yuyou was a scholar among the Confucians, his attitude of reading was not to imitate the contemporary literature or empty talk about nature, but to follow the tradition of the practical school. His academic fields include astronomy and geography, rites, music, politics and punishment, farming, medicine and divination, and even western languages. He is also good at calligraphy with elegant style. As for the flourishing textual research in Qing Dynasty, it is often ignored, and its intention is not here. He likes to write poems and essays, but all of them are written by Xing, which is based on his temperament. He writes happily and counts the papers in a moment. However, he often loses them after writing, and most of them are not up to the standard. Wang Yuyou Qing emphasized practical learning. His disciple Li xingzu said, "it's extremely vertical and horizontal. Things have been counting for thousands of years. It's hard to see the gains and losses of Chen. There's really a way to get up. " At that time, Wang Yuyou's practical learning ability had been known as the school of foundation, the talent of Wang Zuo, the talent of life, the talent of Wang Ba, and the ability to pacify the people and help the world. Li xingzu said: "the disadvantages of the scholars who have always been rational are limited but not applicable, and those who talk about economy are utilitarian but not pure." Wang Yuyou said that "Neo Confucianism is the basis of economy", which is consistent with practice. This evaluation is very pertinent. Yin Huiyi also strongly praised and said, "ho ho! I have a taste of the strange people who criticize Confucianism for its pedantry! It's not the same to make people see things and use them in the world

Practical learning spirit and chivalrous character

There are several things that can explain Wang Yuyou's practical learning spirit and his chivalrous character of northern scholars.

First, in 1625, Wei Dazhong, Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou and others were arrested and imprisoned by Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch of Wei Dazhong. Wei Xueji, the eldest son of Wei Dazhong, went to the capital to fight. At that time, the eunuch was killed by Sibu, and Wang Yuyou, Lu Shanji, sun Qifeng, Du Yue and others took the cover of the eunuch. They were desperate to deal with adversity.

Second, when he was in Linxian County, Shanxi Province, he listed thousands of malpractices. Because of his disobedience to the party concerned, his stepfather Wang Jianshan was transferred to Lushan, and he wanted to be trapped. Wang Yuyou saw that the times were not to be done, so he urged his stepfather to return to the field.

Third, in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, he experienced the death of his father and brother. Wang Yanshan, Wang Yuyou's father, was a county student. He was a noble man and had been a guest with his family property. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yuyou made an attempt in Yizhou and returned home after hearing the news. Passing by Rongcheng, he and sun Qifeng planned to fight. So Wang Yanshan led his three sons and two followers, Yu Hou and Yu Shen, together with Ma Lu, a native of Xiongxian County, to build a banner of righteousness, summon troops and gather more than 1000 people. Sun Qifeng also set up troops in Rongcheng, and jointly recovered Xiongxian, Xincheng and Rongcheng. At this time, the Qing troops entered the pass and all the people were demobilized. Unexpectedly, Wang Yanshan was framed by his enemies and arrested in Beijing for resisting the Qing Dynasty. Yu Ke, Yu you and Yu Yan are preparing to go to Beijing for the disaster. Yu Ke takes Yu you's adopted uncle as his heir and cannot die lightly, so he goes to Beijing with Yu Yan. Galloping to the Liuli River, I heard people sing the song of Wu Yuan's going out of the pass at night. Yu Ke said, "brother, I'm wrong! Both of us are dead. Who can take revenge? Brother Zhuang, revenge, I will die After he left for Beijing, he called out, "the eldest son of one of my uprising students, Wang, is coming to die!" So both father and son died in Yanshi. Yu Yan returned home and led the strong men into the enemy's home at night, annihilating more than 30 young and old people. The government arrested Yu you and Yu Yan brothers in a hurry. Fortunately, Zhu Qin, the magistrate of Baoding, and Huang Guoan, the Deputy envoy of Yizhou, knew their grievances and tried to solve them. When Wang Yuyou heard about the death of his father and brother, he was very sad. After the funeral, he lived in seclusion with his stepparents in Shuangfeng Village of Wugongshan, Yizhou. He called himself a Wugongshan native, worked hard to support his relatives, and did not seek help. He did not enter the city for 30 years. Sometimes I climb to the top of the mountain, sing elegantly and cry a few lines.

Wang Yanshan was a man of noble spirit, who scattered thousands of gold to make friends with his guests. Wang Yuyou, like his father, was chivalrous, friendly and generous. At that time, people often said that he could "help those who are in trouble, save those who are in danger, and collect those who are dead.".

Sun Qifeng said that he was a good man, but this did not prevent him from communicating with the world. Benevolence to self-discipline, forgive others. He is strict in his personal affairs, and he must be close to his nature and use his own power in practice. There is no one to be hostile to. Although the warrior is fierce and the savage is upright, he will take it with sincerity. Therefore, no one is jealous of his name in the world. Wang Yuyou, like his teacher, was "sincere and courageous, close to the quality of benevolence and resolute". However, he made peace with others and was easy to understand. In his later years, he traveled between Shanggu, Bohai and Songdai by ox cart. When he saw his mistakes, the children gathered to welcome and watch, competing for comfort and saying, "Mr. Wang is here!" Wang Yuyou also stopped from time to time and asked Lao to leave.

Character evaluation

Wang Yuyou lived a hard life. When he was a mountain dweller, the situation was that "when he was idle, he could not make full use of chenhuo.". When he was the chief General of Xianling academy, his best friend Wang Huan, the magistrate of Hejian, bought a house for him, and his deputy general Kong Yi bought 200 mu of land for him as a gift. In his later years, the four heroes vied with each other to visit him. He recommended him to pick up his clothes. Sometimes, when someone was in a hurry, he raised money for him. It was easy for him to get hundreds of gold. If there are gifts for friends, you will not receive them, but the festival of gold is very important. When Wang Yu you taught his disciples to learn poetry, he once said: "when Zi Mei came to Shu and Zi looked abroad, he had the feeling of loyalty and filial piety, which became a song.". Sun Qifeng once said to Wang Yuyou, "it took more than 50 years to recognize the word" poor ". When we are in exile and suffering, we have to recite the Qin script, pledge the hairpin, endure the disease and stop taking medicine, and there are many people who do not eat any more. It's hard to be happy with your wife, but you should have no shame on your comrades. This word is not clear. It is not true knowledge. " What he said is very representative of the personalities of people at that time.

It can be seen that although Wang Yuyou was a scholar, his living environment and academic attitude were quite different from those of common Confucianism and corrupt Confucianism.

Research on the strategy of art of war

Wang Yuyou's research on military strategy has its origin. In his early years, he followed sun Qifeng to learn military theories, mainly studying the art of war. He followed Lu Shanji to study. Lu Shanji once assisted sun Chengzong, the Minister of the Ministry of war, to guard Yuguan for four years. He was a painter, and the military book cheying baibakou was handed down. Mao Yuanyi, his teacher and friend, was an outstanding strategist in the late Ming Dynasty. His military preparation annals had 240 volumes, about 2 million words, and more than 7300 drawings. It was the largest comprehensive military book in ancient China. Mao Yuanyi himself was also a member of sun chengzongdu's division in Liaodong, where he served as a praise painter and Deputy commander-in-chief. Fang Yizhi praised him as "a scholar under the curtain and a general on the horse". Chen Liang, who was admired by Wang Yuyou in the Southern Song Dynasty, was very talented and liked to talk about military affairs. He also studied the success and failure of the ancients in using military affairs, and wrote a book called "on drinking the ancient", which had a great influence on Wang Yuyou. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, military issues had become the focus of common concern of a group of Confucians who paid attention to practical learning. Wang Yuyou's research on military strategy was carried out under the influence of the tradition and atmosphere at that time, reflecting the characteristics of the times. After Wang Yuyou, among the northern scholars in the early Qing Dynasty, Yan Yuan also learned the art of war when he was a child. He was proficient in fighting and shooting, and he was familiar with heroes no matter how noble or humble they were. Twenty years after the death of Wang Yuyou, Wang Yuan, a Daxing man who wrote a biography for him, was also a chivalrous soldier. His father was the commander of the royal guards of the Ming Dynasty, and he was once learned from the famous military strategist Wei Xi. He had a heroic temperament. He was despised by people in the world, as well as the ancients. The only people he admired were Zhuge Wuhou (Zhuge Liang) of the Han Dynasty and Wang Shouren (Wang Shouren) of the Ming Dynasty Facing the Marquis of Wuxiang, he kept pace with Chen Tongfu. Wang Yuan has little praise for human nature, and he is proficient in the art of war, but he can only praise Wang Yuyou. In the biography of Mr. Li Xiaoke, written for Li Long's father, Wang Yuan said: "most northern scholars are obscure and have few friends, and their works are not passed down to the world. From what I heard, sun Zhengjun went out, but

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