Moshe Huang

Moshe Huang

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Moshe Huang (1866-1913), a native of Changshu, Jiangsu Province, was named Muhan. He is not only an important writer and novel theorist in the history of modern Chinese literature, but also a social activist. He is the editor of the encyclopedic reference book general encyclopedic new dictionary in modern China.

Life

He was born in a poor family in Hupu Town, Changshu, Jiangsu Province in 1866. His father, Huang Ruoyu, was an apprentice in a small shop in the village when he was a child. Later, with the help of relatives and friends, he opened a small shop called "yuchanghe" in the town and lived a life of "setting up a shop to replace the farmers". It is said that Huang Moshe gave birth to his mother, Qiu, 13 months after she was pregnant with a sister.

In 1875, the whole family moved to Wen village between Hupu and Meili. But soon after, his father died because of his long-term hard work. The family's livelihood depended on his mother's hard work. Looking at his mother's hard work in raising children, Huang Moshe knew how to be considerate and filial when he was young. Once, his mother couldn't sleep because of the furuncle and purulence on her leg. In order to relieve her pain, he sucked the pus out of her mouth. After the spread of the story about the filial piety of the mother, it was loved by the villagers. Because of his poor family background, Huang Moshe, a smart and studious young man, had to study in a nearby village school. When he was 10 years old, he could pick up the topic on the spot. The sentence "the moon forces the setting sun to flee to the bottom of the earth" surprised Qin Hongwen, the teacher of the school, and called him "the poet". The old and young teach and learn together, thus forming a deep friendship between teachers and students. When he was 13 years old, he wrote a couplet on the wall of his house: "hateful soft dust is an evil guest, who comes in with the wind day by day" to ridicule the squire. Huang Moshe, who was less talented, also gained the reputation of "child prodigy" in the village. Naishi has a poem that says: "Huang Sheng has been curious since he was a child, and he always keeps books in his sleeve. It's only this year that there are only six out of ten books, and the books in my heart are higher than those in my house. " It's no wonder that for Huang Moshe, "all the books of various schools of thought can be read, and all the studies of the nine schools and three religions can be seen.". On weekdays, eating, sleeping, and even going to the toilet are almost obsessive. It is said that once, after Huang Moshe came home in a rainy night, he sat on the bed reading a book without even taking off his spiked shoes (old-fashioned rain shoes). Later, he fell asleep again unconsciously, and as a result, he rolled a pair of spiked shoes into the quilt. When I got up the next day, I found that my shoes were missing. It wasn't until his mother dried the quilt for him that he found it out, but not only the wadding had already rubbed a big hole, but also the bed was covered with mud. It is also for learning, everything. All the classics, history, poetry, Fangji, temperament, dunjia belong to, often can know the general. As a result, it is a literary work, and it stands on its own. It disdains the rope and ruler, but its splendor is irresistible. " (Wu Mei: after the legend of blood flies by Shuhuang people)

He was a 16-year-old scholar who was famous in his hometown. Later, he failed to take the local examination for many times, and then he lost his official career. After that, he worked as a county official and a teacher in his hometown Changshu. During that time, he was a "gunner" in the exam. When he was 27 years old, he formally lived in Suzhou and opened a private school called "pay Qin, cultivate inkstone and fish ancient residence". His main occupation was teaching and part-time journalism. He was once a professor of Soochow University and one of the famous poets of Nanshe. In 1900, Soochow University was founded, and Huang Ren was employed as the chief professor and Dean of Sinology. In the same year, Huang Ren, together with his countrymen Pang Shusong and Pang Shubai brothers, established the "three thousand sword spirit literary society" in Suzhou to meet friends and comment on current affairs. Together with Huang qianzhai and Pang Shusong, Huang Ren founded the independent newspaper in Suzhou, which was the first vernacular newspaper in Suzhou history. In January 1907, Huang Ren founded the novel forest in Shanghai and served as the editor in chief. The magazine is known as one of the four major novel monthly magazines in the late Qing Dynasty. In May 1911, Huang Ren published the new encyclopedia of general Encyclopedia with 15 volumes and about 1.2 million words, which is the first encyclopedia in modern China.

After the revolution of 1911, when he heard that the government of the Republic of China moved northward and Yuan Shikai usurped the dictatorship, Huang Moshe became more and more depressed because he was angry with the state affairs and couldn't talk to himself. In the summer of 1913, he suddenly suffered from a crazy disease, and his condition deteriorated rapidly. Even in autumn, he was still wearing single clothes, or bare back, or even often unconsciously bumped into the iron fence and iron net, which made his face bleed and his body broke. In a few months, he tore up a large number of books and manuscripts he had collected. His family sent him to Qimen lunatic hospital in Suzhou. Shortly after treatment, he died on September 16 of the lunar calendar. He was 48 years old. After the death of Huang Moshe, hundreds of elegiac couplets from Zhang Taiyan, Zeng Pu, Wu Mei, Li Liejun, Bai Wenwei, Hu Hanmin and other contemporary colleagues came one after another to show their remembrance. The old friends are all sad for it. The letters, poems and articles from the visitors are full of endless reminiscence for the dead friends.

work

In his youth, Huang Moshe was once known as a genius of modern literature. In September 1913, Huang Moshe suddenly fell ill. Before he died, he completely tore up his precious books and manuscripts. Therefore, his collection of books and manuscripts are rare. Weng Tonghe said: "talent, erudition, posterity can also make wood." He is the pioneer of the new literature movement in China. He wrote the history of Chinese literature, which contains 29 volumes of original subjects. The introduction focuses on expounding various innovative ideas and opinions on literature, and puts forward the promotion of vernacular, the reform of characters, and the improvement of the position of novels in literature. His novel Xiaohua records more than 80 kinds of novel works at that time, and comments on them, leaving precious historical materials for the study of Chinese novel history. He once edited novel forest and edited Qing Wenhui. While teaching in Soochow University, he founded yanlaihong magazine, in which Shen Sanbai's six chapters of a floating life was first published. He is also the author of mosaics, Manyu Zhican, novel Pinglin, new dictionary of general encyclopedia, Queen of Yinshan, etc. There are also translations of revenge, etc. Huang Moshe's achievements were highly praised by later generations. His literary creation and literary thoughts are introduced in various literary history works, and his works are widely included in various literary anthologies. Huang Moshe also has a great influence overseas. Ta Kung Pao, Dacheng magazine and bibliography quarterly of Taiwan have successively published comments or introduced his articles. In 1983, some scholars in the United States held commemorative activities in memory of Mr. Huang Moshe.

Chinese PinYin : Huang Mo Xi