Gao Pian

Gao Pian

Gaopian (September 24, 821-887) has a long history. Youzhou (now Beijing) people. His ancestral home is Qiong County, Bohai Sea (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province), and his predecessor is Gao family, Bohai Sea, a famous family in Shandong Province. He was a famous general and poet in the late Tang Dynasty and the grandson of Nanping County King Gao Chongwen.

Gao Pian was born in a royal family of imperial guards. He served successively as Marquis of Yu, governor of Qinzhou and governor of Annam. In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), gaopian recovered the whole territory of Annan from Nanzhao and became the first governor of the Jinghai Navy. During his tenure, he built the city of Daluo and laid the foundation for Hanoi, the capital of modern Vietnam. Later, he successively served as governor of five towns, including Tianping, Xichuan, Jingnan, Zhenhai and Huainan. During this period, he repelled the invasion of Xichuan by Nanzhao, and severely damaged the Huangchao uprising army for many times. He was granted by Emperor Fu Zong of the Tang Dynasty as commander of the army of Zhudao camp and commander of Jianghuai salt and iron transportation. Later, because of the death of General Zhang Li, he did not dare to fight and supported his troops to protect himself. As a result, Huang Chao successfully crossed the Yangtze River and the two capitals were lost. The imperial court reduced his military and financial power and only added the nominal title of "Shi Zhong" and the title of "Wang Jue" of Bohai Prefecture. In his later years, he was fond of pretending to be supernatural and playing tricks, and he used warlocks such as LV Yongzhi and Zhang Shouyi. As a result, he was separated from others. Finally, he was imprisoned and killed by Bi Shiduo in the third year of Guangqi (887). It was listed in the biography of traitors in the new book of Tang Dynasty.

Gao Pian, as a military minister and a good writer, is known as "the emperor of falling carving". His poems are "elegant and strange". There is a volume of his poems in Quan Tang Shi.

Life of the characters

No travel

Gao Pian was the grandson of Gao Chongwen, a famous general in the period of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty and the king of Nanping. His ancestral home is Qiong County of Bohai Sea (now Jingxian County of Hebei Province), and his ancestors are Gao family of Bohai Sea, a famous family of Han nationality in Shandong (east of Taihang Mountain). His family has been a general of the imperial army for generations, and his father Gao Chengming is also an official of the Shence army.

In his early years, Gao Pian joined the right Shence army and had a close relationship with his colleague Zhou Bao. When he was young, he was rigorous and studied military books. He also liked literature. He often communicated with scholars and talked about the principles of governing the way, which was highly valued by the eunuchs of Shence army. Later, the tired officials were the duyuhou of right Shence army.

West to South

In the early years of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Northwest Dangxiang people rebelled. Gao Pian led ten thousand garrison troops to guard Wucheng (now Changwu of Shaanxi Province), and he was appointed Zuo Sima, governor of Lingzhou City, under Zhu Shuming. At that time, all the generals failed, but Gao Pian launched many raids and killed many of them. Xuanzong highly praised him and promoted him to the rank of military envoy of the right Shence army.

In the early years of Xiantong, Yizong ordered gaopian to guard Qinzhou, and appointed him as the governor and defense envoy of Qinzhou. Gao Pian lured Shang Yanxin, the general of Tubo, and more than 10000 accounts of Hun's end to recover Hezhou and Weizhou, and then sent troops to pacify Fenglin pass.

At that time, the people of all ethnic groups could not bear to protect Li Zhuo, who was corrupt and endowed. So they joined Nanzhao to invade Annan and occupied Jiaozhou (now Hanoi, Vietnam). The Tang Dynasty was forced to transfer to Haimen town (now Hepu, Guangxi, China, Vietnam coastal defense), and repeatedly sent troops to fight, but they could not recover Annan. In July of the fifth year of Xiantong (864), on the recommendation of prime minister Xia Houzi, Yizong appointed Gao Pian as the commander of Annam and the minister's envoy to recover Annam. After resisting the front line, Gao Pian gathered the forces of the five governors of Lingnan (Guang, GUI, Rong, Yong and Annan). On the one hand, he appeased the ethnic minorities, killed the rebel leaders, and "fled after the first World War". In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), he regained the jurisdiction of the Nandu Prefecture. In the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court, together with its officials and procurators, revised the Secretary of the Ministry of punishment, and took Duhufu as the Jinghai Navy, and granted gaopian as the Jiedushi. During the war, Gao Pian considered that the waterway between Jiaozhou and Guangzhou was blocked by huge stones, which made it inconvenient for shipping, so he recruited workers, renovated the river, and communicated the material transportation between Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. Since then, "there have been no stagnant boats, and Annan has a lot of reserves, which he still relies on.".

In August of the ninth year of Xiantong (868), Yizong ordered Gao pian to join the court as the great general of Wuwei in the right Jin Dynasty. Gao Pian recommended sun gaoxun to guard Annan on his behalf. After half a year in the Central Committee, Gao Pian was transferred to be the Minister of the inspection department, the governor of Yunzhou, and the governor of Tianping army. In the term of Tianping army, he has made great achievements in administration, which is praised by the officials and the people.

Guard Shu Zhong

In July of the fourteenth year of Xiantong (873), Tang Yizong died, and Tang Fuzong ascended the throne. In September, Fu Zong granted the important vassal towns including Gao Pian the title of Xiaping chapter of tongzhongshu, making it the prime minister.

In the first year of Qianfu (874), Nanzhao attacked Jizhou and invaded Xichuan on a large scale. All the people fled to Chengdu. Therefore, in 875, he conferred gaopian as Chengdu Yin, Jiannan Xichuan Jiedu emissary (Jiannan Xichuan Jiedu emissary). When Gao Pian traveled to Jianzhou (now Jiange in Sichuan), he was worried that hundreds of thousands of people would gather in Chengdu, which was easy to breed diseases. Regardless of his subordinates' opposition, he sent envoys to open all the gates of Chengdu, let the people go out of the city to resume their work, and the soldiers went to the city to relieve the army and the people. At that time, Nanzhao was besieging Yazhou (now Ya'an, Sichuan). It was said that Gao Pian had sent envoys to seek peace and relieve the siege of Yazhou. On the next day when Gao Pian arrived in Chengdu, he ordered five thousand men to pursue the Nanzhao army, smashed the Nanzhao army on the Dadu River, and captured and killed dozens of its chief.

After the war, Gao Pian was promoted to the official school for his meritorious service. During his term of office, he punished severely, killed innocent people indiscriminately, and suppressed the "Tujiang" of Sichuan valiant soldiers, depriving them of their titles and gifts. As a result, the Tujiang mutinied in April of the second year of Qianfu (875), and the Tianping army brought by Gao Pian could not be suppressed. Gao Pian pretended to appease them. In June, he slaughtered thousands of "Tujiang" and their families. On the other hand, he built Luocheng (Daxuan city) to strengthen defense. In order to prevent Nanzhao from invading again, gaopian also built more passes and fortresses along the main road of Nanzhao to Sichuan, and sent thousands of troops to guard, such as Qionglai pass (now North of Hanyuan in Sichuan), Dadu River, Pingyi army of Mahu town in Rongzhou (now east of Yibin in Sichuan) and zhuchengzha in muyuanchuan (now Muchuan in Sichuan). After that, Nanzhao agreed to make peace and did not dare to commit it again. In a few years, Shu was relatively stable.

Breaking the Yellow nest

In the fifth year of Qianfu (878), Gao Pian moved to be the governor of Jianxiao, youpushe, Jiangling Yin, Jingnan (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) and other envoys (Jingnan Jiedu envoys). When Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao's uprising army moved to Jiangnan, the Tang court thought that gaopian was "awed by the army and the people" when he was guarding Tianping army. Most of Wang Xianzhi's subordinates were Tianping soldiers, so gaopian was appointed as commander-in-chief, governor of Runzhou, governor of Zhenjiang Navy (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) and governor of Zhejiang Xidao (governor of Zhenjiang Navy), and granted the title of Yan. Immediately, it was added to the transportation envoys of Daobing, madutong and Jianghuai.

The Yellow nest army moved westward along the South Bank of the Yangtze River, and Gao Pian sent generals Zhang Fan and Liang Zuan to block and break the Yellow nest, forcing the rebels to move from Zhejiang to Guangzhou. After hearing the news, in 879, he served as a school inspector situ, a governor of Yangzhou, and a deputy ambassador of Huainan. He still served as an envoy of Dutong and Yantie to suppress the uprising army and take charge of Jianghuai's wealth. After arriving in Yangzhou, gaopian repaired the city fortress and recruited soldiers. There were "70000 local troops". He "summoned soldiers from all over the world" and gained great prestige for a time. Emperor Fu Zong of the Tang Dynasty and Prime Minister Lu Dai believed in Gao pianshen, and successively worshipped him as the chief inspector and Tongping Zhangshi.

maintain an army and defy orders from the central government

In the first year of Guangming Dynasty (880), Huang Chao led his troops to the north. In May, he was hindered by Zhang Yu in Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi Province). In addition to the epidemic in the army, he pretended to surrender to gaopian. In order to lure Huang Chao, gaopian agreed and was afraid of the contribution of various reinforcements. He asked the imperial court to withdraw all reinforcements. Huang Chao took the opportunity to attack gaopian army, killed Zhang Yu, and flew across the Yangtze River in July. Gao Pian was awed by Huang Chao's power and defended Yangzhou. He supported tens of thousands of soldiers and preserved his strength. Therefore, the saying that Gao Pian had colluded with Huang Chao was spread among the common people in Chang'an. In December, the Huang Chao army invaded Chang'an, and Fu Zong fled to Chengdu. He was appointed king pianqin, and was appointed as an envoy to the East, West and north of Beijing. In the second year of Guangming Dynasty (881), Gao ordered Cui Zhiyuan, his aide, to write the book of calling on the Yellow nest, and sent troops to Dongtang, Yangzhou for more than 100 days. He invited emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty to visit Jianghuai twice, which was questioned by the Tang court as a move to coerce the emperor to order the princes (< I > see the part of "character dispute - issue of sending troops" < / I >).

In the first month of the second year of Zhonghe (882), Fu Zong lost trust in Gao pian. He appointed Wang Duo and Zhongshu Ling to replace Gao pian. In May, he dismissed Gao Pian as a salt and iron transportation envoy, and replaced him with Wei zhaodu. He only granted Gao Pian the nominal title of a servant, and increased the number of real households to 100, and granted him the title of the prince of Bohai. Knowing that he had lost military and financial power in Southeast China, Gao Pian rolled up his sleeve and yelled at him. He wrote many times to defend himself, emphasizing that "Your Majesty does not need to be subordinated to him, but that he has to be subordinated to his majesty." he even made rude remarks, referring to the allusions that Prince Qin was born to tie his neck to Cudao, and that Emperor Han Geng had bowed his head and scraped his seat. He pointed out that cuzong had become "the king of subjugation", which was refuted by the imperial court. The next year, Wang Duo regained Chang'an, and Gao Pian was very regretful.

In the second year of Guangqi (886), Zhu Mei, an envoy of Jingnan Jiedu, supported Li Yu, the king of Xiang, and added Gao Pian, the envoy of Zhongshu, the envoy of all soldiers and horses, and the envoy of Jianghuai salt and iron transportation. Gao Pian had complained about Tang Fu Zong, so he accepted the "false order", wrote a note to persuade him, and constantly sent envoys to worship Li Yu.

bring about

After Huang Chao invaded Chang'an, not only the ruling order of Tang Dynasty collapsed, but also Gao Pian's own subordinates left their hearts and morals, and Lei Man and Zhang Gui defected one after another. Gao Pian himself also believed in the art of immortality, and made use of the Warlocks LV Yongzhi, Zhang Shouyi and others. He also set up an army of 20000 people called "moxie capital" and appointed LV and Zhang to lead. Lu Yongzhi acted arbitrarily and pushed out the old generals under Gao Pian's command. Many old generals, including Gao Pian's son Gao Shu, were killed for opposing Lu Yongzhi. Huang Chao's general Bi Shiduo and others were in danger.

In the fourth year of Guangqi (887), Gao Pian heard that Qin Zongquan was going to invade the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers in the south, so he sent the zuoxiangduzhi troops to garrison Bi Shiduo with more than 100 cavalry

Chinese PinYin : Gao Pian