Gao Shi
Gao Shi
Gaoshi (704-765), the word Dafu, Cangzhou Bohai county (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). During the Tang Dynasty, Anton, a minister and frontier poet, protected his grandson.
Tianbao eight years (749), Jinshi and, granted Fengqiu County Wei. He took refuge with Ge Shuhan, the governor of Hexi, and served as the chief secretary. He turned to monitor the censor and assisted Ge Shuhan to guard Tongguan. In the 15th year of Tianbao (756), he escorted Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty into Chengdu and promoted the counsellors. He served as the governor of Huainan and attacked the rebellion of Yongwang Li Li. He once served as Prince Zhan Shi, governor of pengshu and governor of Dongchuan in Jiannan. In the second year of Guangde (764), he joined the Ministry of punishment as the Minister of justice and Zuo Sanqi, and was canonized as the Marquis of Bohai county.
Yongtai first year (765), died at the age of 62, posthumous title is Zhong. As a famous frontier poet, he is known as "four frontier poets" together with Cen Shen, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan, and has written 20 volumes of Gao Changshi collection.
Life of the characters
Gao Shi was born in 704, the fourth year of Chang'an, Empress Wu of the Tang Dynasty.
In 723, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was twenty years old. So he went to Chang'an around 1949, and later visited Liang and Song Dynasties, so he settled in song city (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and worked hard to get it. From then on to the 19th year of Kaiyuan (731), he lived in Songzhou.
In the 19th year of the Tang Dynasty (731), he was 28 years old. During the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), he traveled to Yanzhao in the north and wanted to invest in the shogunate of Xin'an Wang Li, Deputy Ambassador of Shuofang Festival, and Youzhou Festival envoy Zhang Shouli. His poems include the shogunate of King Xin'an, the reason why Jimen didn't meet Wang Zhihuan and Guo Mi to leave, the 28 rhymes of Zhending serving and presenting to Wei Shijun, the 17 chapters of farewell king, the five poems of Jimen.
He was 32 years old in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735). He rushed to Chang'an and failed.
In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736) of Tang Dynasty, he was 33 years old. There are poems such as "farewell to Qi", "pay for Lu Shaofu" and "writing on the way to the Yellow River from Qi".
He was 35 years old in the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738). On the way back to Song Dynasty, he wrote the song of Yan. From then on to the seventh year of Tianbao (748), he lived in Songzhou. During this period, he visited Wei county and Chu area, and lived in Dongping area.
He was 46 years old in 749. It was recommended by Zhang Jiugao, the prefect of Suiyang. He should be a Taoist, a middle school official, and a Fengqiu Wei.
Tang Dynasty Tianbao nine years (750 years), 47 years old. In the autumn of that year, the northern envoys sent troops to the Qingyi Army (belonging to Fan Yang Jiedu envoys).
In the spring of the tenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (751), he returned to the south. There are three poems to make the Qing Yi army into Juyong, sending soldiers to Jibei, returning from Jibei and so on.
In 752, he was 49 years old. I'm going to visit Chang'an. In autumn and winter, he served as the Chief Secretary of Ge Shuhan's shogunate.
Tang Dynasty Tianbao 14 years (755 years), 52 years old. In December, he turned to the censor. Zog Shuhan guards Tongguan.
In 756, he was 53 years old. In June, the rebels in Anlu mountain captured Tongguan. Gao Shi followed Xuanzong to Chengdu; in August, he promoted the doctor. In November, Li Xun, king of Yongwang, conspired against him. In December, Gao Shi was appointed as the governor of Huainan to attack the Yongwang Li.
He was 54 years old in 757, the second year of emperor suzong's reign. She was also ordered to join the rebellion to save Suiyang.
Tang Zhide three years (758), 55 years old, because dare to speak up, demoted Prince Zhan.
In the second year of Qianyuan (759) of the Tang Dynasty, he was 56 years old and served as the governor of Pengzhou.
In the first year of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (760), he was 57 years old and was appointed governor of Shuzhou.
Tang Dynasty emperor Guangde first year (763), 60 years old. In February, he moved to Jiannan. In December, Songzhou, Weizhou and Baozhou were trapped by Tubo, and Gaoshi could not be saved.
Tang Dynasty Guangde two years (764), 61 years old. In the spring, Gao Shi was replaced by Yan Wu. He moved to the Ministry of punishment as a servant and became a Marquis of Bohai county.
In the first year of Yongtai in Tang Dynasty (765), he was 62 years old. In the first month, Gao Shi died as a gift to the Minister of the Ministry. There are "Gao Chang Shi Ji" and other handed down.
Relative members
Great grandfather: Gao You
Grandfather: Gao Luo, the general of zuowuwei, Anton Duhu and Pingyuan Weigong, presented to the general of zuowuwei and buried with him in Qianling.
Father: Gao Chongwen, governor Shao.
Mother: Bohai Wu.
Elder sister: Gao Gu, marry Zhu Shouchen.
Literary achievements
Work content
Gao Shi's poems have a wide range of subjects, rich content and strong reality. There are mainly the following categories:
frontier-style poetry
The highest achievement. His masterpieces, such as Yan Ge Xing, five songs of Ji men Xing, Sai Shang, Sai Xia Qu, Ji Zhong Zuo, and three songs of Jiu Qu Ci, eulogize the soldiers' lofty sentiments of serving the country bravely and making contributions. They also describe their hard life in the army and their good wishes for peace. They also expose the extravagance and lewdness of Bian generals, the ignorance of soldiers' rewards and punishments, and the inability of the imperial court to settle the border, He expressed his concern for the country and the people. Some of Gao Shi's works praising unjust wars and discriminating against ethnic minorities, such as Li Yun Nan's poems of conquering barbarians, are the dross of such poems.
Poems reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood
These poems deeply exposed the contradictions between the rulers and the broad masses of the people, such as the ninth of the thirteen poems on the way to the Yellow River from Qi and the flood on Dongping road. They truly described the heavy pressure of taxes, corvee and natural disasters on the broad masses of farmers and expressed sympathy for their plight, He also wrote some poems praising "good officials". Starting from the idea of "benevolent government", he advocated the idea of light corvee and light taxes, which also had a certain progressive effect at that time.
Satirize and hurt the disordered Poetry
Most of them denounced the bad government and criticized the extravagance of the rulers, such as "the ancient song" and "the two songs on the road". There are also some poems that show worries and indignation about the political situation after the an Shi rebellion, such as "pay Mr. Pei to write poems instead of books" and "two poems of climbing Baizhang peak".
poems from the heart
The number is the largest, and the ideological content is more complex. For example, biewei joined the army, Qi Shang paid Xue San Ju and sent to Guo Shaofu Wei, Xiao Gu gave Cui Er, Fengqiu Zuo and so on. They expressed their worries and indignation that they could not be rewarded for their talents and ambitions, and they were dissatisfied with the reality.
Representative works
Poetic style
"Vigorous and solemn" is the prominent feature of Gao Shi's frontier poems. His poems are characterized by quality and principle, majestic, profound and simple. Gao Shi was a little lonely and poor. He was a knight errant. He once roamed the Liang and Song Dynasties and worked hard for his own self-sufficiency. In addition to his forthright and upright personality, his poems reflected a broad level and profound theme. Gao Shi's psychological structure is extensive and his character is straightforward, so his poems mostly express his feelings directly, or narrate and discuss, and seldom use the method of analogy.
The focus of Gao Shi's poems is on people rather than natural landscape. Therefore, there are few simple works about scenery, often accompanied by scenery when he expresses his feelings. Therefore, the scenery bears the poet's subjective mark. In "Yan Ge Xing", the desolate scene is outlined by "the desert is poor in autumn, the grass is withering, the lonely city is setting, and the soldiers are sparsely fighting against the sun". The desert, the withered grass, the lonely city and the setting sun are used as parallelism to form a picture full of subjective emotions, which makes the soldiers' heroic and tragic fighting more intense. Gao Shi's language style is simple and unadorned.
Gao Shi boasted of being a great general in ancient times, which shows the great power in his chest. He indulged in drinking and hunting, and his madness was not inferior to that of Li Bai
Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and bright day, the north wind blowing wild geese have snow. Don't worry about the way ahead without a confidant. No one in the world knows you.
Gaoshi's first visit to the frontier was in the northeast frontier area of zhangshouli, a governor of Hebei Province. It is adjacent to Turk in the north and Khitan and Xi in the northeast. In Tang Dynasty, Juyong dangerous pass was built to prevent Turks, and Yingzhou was built to control Xi and Qidan. His frontier life left many excellent poems. Such as Yingzhou song:
Young people in Yingzhou love the wilderness and hunt in the city.
When hu er was ten years old, he could ride a horse.
When Gao Shichu arrived at Saishang, he had great hopes for Zhang Shouli. His poem Jimen Xing expresses this theme through the mouth of garrison soldiers
Youzhou more riding and shooting, knot heavy horizontal.
Once a general, he has a reputation for going in and out.
They hunt autumn grass one after another and bow to each other.
The poet also shows the heroic picture of the frontier soldiers fighting bravely with imagination
Outside the Great Wall, there is no more smoke.
Although Hu Qi relied on the mausoleum, Han soldiers did not care about themselves.
The old trees are full of emptiness, and Huang Yun worries about killing people.
Gao Shi's famous essay "the work of Dr. he Ge Shu breaking the nine tunes with Mr. Li" is written to celebrate the victory ahead
Yao Chuan, deputy prime minister, broke Xifan yesterday.
As the mountains move, the Yang army turns over.
When the surprise soldiers were invited to fight, Lian Jue went back.
The spring spurts the blood of the soldiers, and the wind drives away the souls.
The head flies to gather ten thousand halberds, the face binds to gather yuan gate.
The ghost cries at night, and the day is gloomy.
Stone city and rock danger, iron riding like yuntun.
A long policy is decided by a word, and a high trace is kept for a hundred generations.
Wei Leng awes the desert and has a sense of loyalty.
The old general is dark and colorless, and the Confucians dare to talk about it.
To get out of the siege depends on the calculation of the temple, to stop killing and to repay the king's kindness.
The only thing about the river is the empty stump.
Gao Shi's second visit to the frontier was not limited to the Hexi battlefield. He was also concerned about the situation in the western regions under the rule of Anxi Dadu Prefecture, a more remote western frontier fortress. Of course, Gao Shi has never personally traveled in the western regions, but he has many friends in the past. His concern is reflected in his farewell poems, such as sending Li Shiyu to Anxi
Xingzi to Feipeng, the Golden Whip to Tieyu.
Fame and fame are far away, but one cup is on one's mind.
North of Yanzhi, east of Taibai, Qincheng.
Leaving soul Ying melancholy, looking at baodaoxiong.
Another poem, entitled "send Pei farewell to an Xi", has a similar style
It's hard to get into the top of the world, but I believe in horseshoe leisurely.
Wind and dust through the trek, shake off the resentment back to carry.
When the earth comes out of quicksand, the sky grows.
There is nothing to do with youth. Don't be sad.
Chinese PinYin : Gao Shi
Gao Shi
