Ma Wensheng

Ma Wensheng

Ma Wensheng (1426-1510, July 13) is a negative figure, another name is Yue Zhai, also known as San Feng Ju Shi and you song Dao Ren. Junzhou (now Yuzhou, Henan) people. He was a famous official and poet in the middle of Ming Dynasty.

In the second year of Jingtai (1451), Ma Wensheng ascended to Jinshi and was granted the title of censor. According to the calendar of Shanxi and Huguang, he moved to Fujian to serve as an envoy, and was promoted to be the censor of the left vice capital and became the right Minister of the Ministry of war. The governor of Liaodong, the censor of Youdu, and the governor of water transportation. Hongzhi was appointed Minister of the Ministry of war at the beginning, and later Minister of the Ministry of officials. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Ming Dynasty, he went to Shanghai to beg. In the fourth year of Zhengde (1509), Liu Jin, an official in power, removed his name. In 1510, Ma Wensheng died in 1985. Soon after the restoration, he was awarded the title of "duansu". As a gift to zuozhu and Taishi.

In the 56th year of his official career, Ma Wensheng made remarkable contributions in his life. He successively assisted Daizong, Yingzong, Xianzong, Xiaozong and Wuzong in Five Dynasties, and together with Wang Shu and Liu Daxia, he was called "three gentlemen of Hongzhi".

(< I > source: Wang Qi of Ming Dynasty, Wanli engraved Sancai tuhui < / I >)

Life of the characters

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Ma Wensheng was born in Junzhou, Henan Province (now Yuzhou, Henan Province), and later settled in Yucheng. None of his ancestors was an official, but Ma Wensheng showed an interest in military affairs when he was young. "Taste and group children's play, more than ten for the group, the corner of the sweep not servant.". In the second year of Jingtai (1451), Ma Wensheng passed the imperial examination and was awarded the imperial censor. They successively visited Shanxi and Huguang, and were known as "God King". After serving his mother's funeral, he was promoted to Fujian Province. In Fujian Province, Feng was severely punished for local corruption. When he left Fujian, the people of Fujian praised him by singing "Ma Shi has eyes in the sky, Feng announced that he has no skin in the earth.". In 1465, Ma Wensheng was promoted to minister of Dali temple in Nanjing. The next year, he left for mourning because of his father's death.

Guyuan counterinsurgency

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Guyuan banditry

In the fourth year of Chenghua (1468), the northwest Tu da man si fought against Ming Dynasty in Shicheng, which is thousands of miles away from Pingliang. The Ming government had to take a large-scale military action to dispatch 50000 soldiers from the three sides of Shaanxi Province and the soldiers from Beijing to suppress them. He took charge of the military affairs of Xiang Zhong, the Deputy censor of the capital, and appointed Ma Wensheng as the governor of Shaanxi, the Deputy censor of the right capital, to assist Xiang Zhong. Ma Wensheng saw that there was a weakness in the Fourth Army of Manchu: there was no water in the city, and the grain storage was gradually lacking. "If you can't get rid of it, you should die by yourself." Sure enough, the Fourth Army of Manchuria was gradually tired and finally failed. Ma Wensheng also suggested that Xiang Zhong destroy the walls of Shicheng to prevent future trouble. Ma Wensheng reorganized the tea horse trade with various ministries in exchange for more than 8000 horses. He served as governor of Shaanxi Province for more than seven years. He successively served as the left Deputy capital censor and the right Minister of the Ministry of war, and accumulated experience in dealing with border affairs.

Attack Tatar

At the beginning of the reign of emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, the tartar lords boluohu, mandulu and pangasilan invaded for years, which made the northwest border face unprecedented pressure. In the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Ma Wensheng requested to garrison in Weizhou, ambush in various fortresses, successfully defeat Tatar in heishuikou, capture his Pingzhang dielie sun alive, and win in tangyangling, beheading 200 levels. Ma Wensheng has won many victories in succession, but he only received a small reward for his truthfulness and no assistance from the court. The following year, Wang Yue, the chief executive of the three sides, won a great victory in Hongyanchi, and Ma Wensheng also sent his son Ma Xiu to report his contribution. The court officials found that Ma Wensheng's performance was untrue, so the emperor Xianzong gave him the punishment of "showing untrue performance and stopping his salary for three months". In the spring of the 11th year of Chenghua (1475), Ma Wen was promoted to the post of King Yue as the commander-in-chief, coordinating the military affairs of Yansui, Ningxia and Gansu. In November, he was recalled to the central court and served as the right servant of the military department.

Rectifying Liaodong

In the 12th year of Chenghua (1476), he was sent to reorganize Jimen to the east of Liaoning Province. Chen Yue, governor of Liaodong, was greedy and strict with his generals. Ma Wensheng sparsely talked about the affairs of Liaodong, which mostly involved Chen Yue, so they had a grudge. Chen Yue's backstage was Wang Zhi, a powerful eunuch. In the 14th year of Chenghua (1478), Chen Yue mistakenly killed the tribute envoy of Nuzhen and revolutionized Liaodong. Wang Zhi plans to go to Pacification in person to show his reputation for meritorious service. Eunuch Wynn suggested sending ministers to appease. Ma Wensheng immediately supported and was appointed. Wang Zhi offered to send someone with him, but Ma Wensheng did not agree. This offended Wang Zhi. Later, Wang Zhi and Lin Cong, the Minister of the Ministry of punishment, said that the drastic change in Eastern Liaoning was caused by Ma Wensheng's ban on agricultural trade. Ma Wensheng's defense was useless, so he was sent to prison and demoted to Chongqing garrison. Ma Wensheng stayed in the Garrison for four years. After Wang Zhi fell out of favor, he returned to office. In the 20th year of Chenghua (1484), it was used again as the governor of Liaodong. This is his third trip to Liaodong. Because he once talked about Chen Yue, he was very popular. All the soldiers clapped and danced. In the 21th year of Chenghua (1485), Ma Wensheng was promoted to the imperial court of Guandu, the censor of Youdu, and the governor of water transportation. During the famine in Huai, Xu and he areas, Ma Wensheng transferred 100000 stone grain and 50000 Liang salt silver from the south of the Yangtze River to provide relief. In the winter of the same year, he became Minister of the military department. However, Zuo Tongzheng, the general secretary of the Ministry of communications, who was born as an alchemist, wanted to recommend someone else to take charge of the Ministry of arms. He did something in front of Xianzong and transferred Ma Wensheng to minister of the Ministry of arms in Nanjing in 1486.

Presided over the Ministry of war

After emperor Xiaozong ascended the throne in Ming Dynasty, Ma Wensheng was called as the censor of zuodu in duchayuan, and his position in the imperial court was determined. Out of disgust for the people of Lizi Province, he put forward: "the censor of the city patrol, the army and Horse Department, and the royal guards search and visit one by one, but there are fuluan praying for the saints, driving away thunder and rain, catching ghosts and hearing all the evil people, and the unknown people, who are all expelled from Beijing within one month." Immediately he was ordered to supervise the 12th regiment. In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), Ma Wensheng was appointed Minister of the Ministry of war. He took some measures to deal with the situation of disuse of military and government. For example, more than 30 generals were dismissed for bribery and cowardice. This has damaged the interests of some people. Some people even hold bows and arrows at night waiting for their gate, preparing to assassinate them. Some even write libel books and shoot them into the gate of East Chang'an. Obviously, these are activities with backgrounds. Xiaozong supported Ma Wensheng's rectification of the capital camp, and specially authorized 12 knights to guard his way in and out. Ma Wensheng also pointed out that Jizhou, Xuanfu and Datong towns already have eunuchs, so there should be no more internal officials such as separate guards, guards and guns. According to his statistics, there are nine officials in Jizhou, eight officials in Xuanfu, and six officials in Datong, with a total of 23. "Each of them occupies at least two or three hundred soldiers, but at most four or five hundred, and has occupied thousands of soldiers.". "The number of such garrisons is not beneficial to the work, but disturbing the side", which should be cut. Xiaozong also dealt with it according to his suggestion. Hami is an area inhabited by Hui, Wei wu'er and other ethnic minorities. In the early Ming Dynasty, envoys were sent to the court, and Jimi guards were set up in the place, and their leaders were named Zhongshun king and Zhongyi king. During the reign of emperor Xianzong, Turpan was powerful and owned Hami. The Ming government tried to intervene, but without any result, it seemed to admit the status quo and moved Hami Wei to another place. As early as the first year of Hongzhi (1488), the Turpan tribe seduced and killed Hanshen, the king of Zhongshun granted by the imperial court. In the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), another king of Zhongshun, shaanba, was captured. Ahema, the leader of the king, called himself Khan and plundered the surrounding tribes. Ma Wensheng, who was in charge of military administration, advocated the restoration of Hami. He took the advice of Wang Ying and Yang Zhu, the general secretary, and took advantage of the contradictions between Chijin, Mongolia and Turpan. In the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), Han Dong and other soldiers were transferred to attack Hami City at night. Xu Jin, the governor of Shaanxi Province elected by Ma Wensheng, led the Ming army. The Turpan garrison abandoned the city and the Ming army entered Hami. Since the early Ming Dynasty, this is the first time that the government and army went deep into the area. This is also the most important thing Ma Wen has dealt with since he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of war. In the early years of Hongzhi, Ma Wensheng and Wang Shu, the Minister of the Ministry of officials, were popular. They not only convinced the public with their moral character, but also talked a lot about political affairs. Every time they come out, they will be read all over the world. Wang Shu became an official and Ma Wensheng gained a higher reputation. But the emperor Xiaozong didn't use him to select the Minister of Li Department. For this reason, he felt quite aggrieved. There was a sentence in his poem that "when the court was over, he was sad and told the heaven what he was worried about". In September of the tenth year of Hongzhi (1497), Ma Li, the son of Ma Wensheng, said that "the chief envoy beat people to death, and the crime should be twisted". Xiaozong issued an edict to forgive him. Ma Wensheng took the blame and asked to resign, but Xiaozong refused. In the same month, he was awarded the title of Guanglu doctor and Zhuguo. In the fourteenth year of Hongzhi (1501), Ma Wensheng was promoted to be the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, and he was given the title of at least master and crown prince. Before him, only a few ministers and censors got this honor.

Impeachment and return

In the 17th year of Hongzhi (1504), facing the investigation of the next year, Xiaozong summoned Ma Wensheng, who was in charge of the investigation, and Dai Shan, the imperial censor of the capital, to discuss the matter. Ma Wensheng was seventy-nine years old. He was not able to move and had a bad ear. Xiaozong told him twice to depose him impartially. Ma Wensheng replied, "if your majesty wants to govern like this, it will be a blessing for the clan." Then he was held down by the left and right. Ma Wensheng is very serious about officials' investigation. At the beginning of his term as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, he raised an objection to the indiscriminate conferring of officials. Zhuanfengguan is an official appointed by the Emperor himself without going through normal channels. Chenghua was the most popular. In the early years of emperor Xiaozong's reign, there were more than 800 people who were appointed to the imperial court. Ma Wensheng said that if one official is reduced, the imperial court will save one official's fee. At the beginning of emperor Wuzong's accession to the throne, he dismissed 762 officials according to the order of emperor Xiaozong. He was also very strict with the inspection of internal and external officials. He eliminated more than 2000 pilgrims at one time. if you don't pay attention to people's feelings, you will certainly attract a lot of opponents, and you may not have no personal spirit in employing people. Liu Daxia was another emperor of Hongzhi Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Ma Wen Sheng