conqueror of northern Viet Nam

conqueror of northern Viet Nam

Ma Yuan (14-49 BC), a Han nationality, was born in Maoling County, Fufeng County (now Xingping City, Shaanxi Province). From the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was the general, the founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the father of emperor Mingde and empress Mingde.

At the end of the new dynasty, Ma Yuan took refuge in the warlord of Longyou. Later, he surrendered to Guangwu emperor Liu Xiu and made great contributions to the unification of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan still led the expedition, breaking the Longqiang in the west, attacking Jiaozhi in the south, attacking Wuhuan in the north, tiring officials to Fubo general, and conferring Xinxi Marquis, which is known as "Ma Fubo" in the world. His spirit of being old and strong and having a body wrapped around a horse is respected by later generations.

In the 25th year of Jianwu (49th year), Ma Yuan died when he was fighting against wuximan. He was 64 years old. After his death, he was captured by others, and Liu Xiu took back Hou yinshou. In the reign of emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, he was rehabilitated, and his posthumous title was Zhongcheng. Tang Dezong became one of the "64 generals of Wu Temple". During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he was granted the title of "Zhongxian Youshun king" and ranked among the "seventy-two generals of wumiao". In the Qing Dynasty, the emperor worshiped the temples of the past dynasties.

Life of the characters

family origin

Ma Yuan is a descendant of Zhao she, a famous general of the Warring States period and Ma Fujun. His original surname is Ma Fu, and later simplified as Ma.

Ma Yuan's great grandfather, Ma Tong, was a minister of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. Ma Tong and his elder brother mahero had friendly relations with Jiang Chong, a favorite minister, and took part in the witchcraft rebellion. Later, Emperor Wu reflected on the evil of witchcraft and began to punish those who participated in the disorder. Mahero was so worried that he took risks and conspired with Ma Tong and Ma Ancheng to assassinate Emperor Wu. However, the plot was discovered and stopped by Jin RI Li, and the clan of maholo brothers was killed.

Although Ma Tong died, Ma Shi, Ma Tong's son, was not executed. In the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, Mashi was known as the "envoy" by virtue of his integrity; Mashi gave birth to Ma Zhong, who was the official of Xuanwu Sima; and Ma Zhong gave birth to four sons, the fourth of which was Ma Yuan.

Early life

When Ma Yuan was 12 years old, his father Ma Zhong died. Ma Yuan was young and ambitious. His brothers were surprised that they had taught him Qi Shi, but Ma Yuan didn't want to stick to the rules. He said goodbye to his elder brother Ma Kuang and wanted to farm and graze in Bian county. Unexpectedly, Ma Kuang died before Ma Yuan got up. Ma Yuan had to stay at home and keep filial piety for his brother for a year. During this period, he did not leave Ma Kuang's cemetery. He respected his widowed sister-in-law very much. He did not clean up his clothes and never entered the house.

Later Ma Yuan became a county governor. Once, he was ordered to escort prisoners to Siming mansion. The prisoner had a felony. Ma Yuan pitied him and let him go without permission. He fled to Beidi county. After the amnesty, Ma Yuan raised cattle and sheep locally. After a long time, people came from all over the world to depend on him, so he had hundreds of families under his command. He took these people to roam between Longhan, but his ambition did not diminish. He often said to his guests, "a man's ambition should be stronger in poverty and more heroic in old age."

Ma Yuan's farming and grazing can be adapted to local conditions, and there are many good methods, so it has gained a lot. At that time, there were thousands of horses, cattle and sheep, and tens of thousands of grains. Ma Yuan sighed bitterly at the income from farming and animal husbandry, saying, "the most important thing about the property obtained from farming and animal husbandry is to give relief to others, otherwise it will be just a miser." So he gave all his property to his brothers and friends, while he only wore sheep fur pants and lived a simple life.

Detention in Xizhou

At the end of the new dynasty, the situation was turbulent. Wang Mang's cousin, Wang Lin, was appointed as general Wei. He recruited many heroes from all over the world, selected Ma Yuan as his hero, and recommended him to Wang Mang. Wang Mang appointed Ma Yuan as the new city's great Yin.

In the second year of the reform (24 years), the new dynasty perished. Ma Yuan and his brother zengshanlian left their respective posts and fled to Liangzhou for refuge.

In the first year of Jianwu (25 years), after Guangwu emperor Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ma Yuan went to Luoyang to join Liu Xiu. Ma Yuan, who was detained in Xizhou, was highly valued by the separatist forces of Longyou, and was appointed general Suide to participate in the decision-making of kaixiao.

In the same year, Gongsun Shu became emperor in Shu, and kaihuo sent Ma Yuan to explore the reality. Ma Yuan and Gongsun Shu were originally villagers, and they had a good friendship. Ma Yuan thought that this meeting would be happy, but Gongsun Shu put on the airs of the emperor. Gongsun first displayed the guards, then asked Ma Yuan to come in. After seeing the ceremony, he immediately asked Ma Yuan to go out of the palace and stay in the hotel. Then he ordered people to make dubu single clothes and give it to Ma Yuan. Then he gathered a hundred officials in the temple and held a banquet to entertain him. During the banquet, Gongsun Shu said that he would make Ma Yuan a marquis and grant him the rank of general.

Ma Yuan's entourage and guests thought they had been treated with courtesy and were willing to stay. Ma Yuan thought that Gongsun Shu was just putting on airs and could not stay in the world for a long time, so he decided to return to Longyou and said to him, "Gongsun Shu is a frog in the well. You are arrogant. You might as well concentrate on running the Orient (Liu Xiu)"

In the 28th year of Jianwu's reign, Ma Yuan came to Luoyang with a letter from Xiao Xiao and met Liu Xiu in Xuande hall. Liu xiudao said: "you are between the two emperors. It's a shame to see you now." Ma Yuan said: "in today's world, it is not only the monarch who chooses the ministers, but also the ministers who choose the monarch. How does your majesty know that I am not an assassin or a traitor when I come from afar Liu Xiu said with a smile: "you are not an assassin, but a lobbyist." Ma Yuan said: "there are so many people stealing names in the world over and over again. Now when you see your majesty, he is magnanimous, just like emperor Gaozu, you will know that the emperor has a real name." Liu Xiu admired his courage and thought he was different. Soon after, Ma Yuan followed Liu xiunan on a tour, first to Lichu, and then to the East China Sea. After returning from the southern tour, Liu Xiu took Ma Yuan as his imperial edict and Japanese adviser. When Ma Yuan wanted to return to Xizhou, Liu Xiu sent Taizhong doctor to see him off on a regular basis.

After Ma Yuan came back, he asked about the rumors of the East and the gains and losses in the capital. Ma Yuan said: "the last time I went to the imperial court, your majesty met me many times. Every time he talked with me between banquets, from night to morning, your Majesty's ability was not as brave as others. He was frank and sincere, and had nothing to hide. His broad-minded mind and great integrity are mostly the same as those of emperor Gaodi (< I > Liu Bang < / I >), but his profound learning of Confucian classics, his handling of political affairs and his argumentation of articles are unmatched in previous generations. " He asked again, "how is your majesty better than emperor Gao?" Ma Yuan replied, "it's better. Emperor Gao can do everything from heaven to earth. Today, his majesty is fond of political affairs. He can handle government affairs properly, but he doesn't like drinking Kaixiao was not happy and said, "as you say, your majesty is better than Gaodi." Having said that, he believed in Ma Yuan after all. He agreed to return to the Han Dynasty and sent his eldest son Kai Xun to Luoyang as a hostage.

Pacify Longxi

Ma Yuan and his family went to Luoyang with Kai Xun, but they were not appointed for several months. He found that the land in Sanfu area was fertile and the fields were wide, and he brought many guests with him. So he wrote to Liu Xiu, asking to lead the guests to the Shanglin garden. Emperor Guangwu agreed to his request.

At this time, kaixiao believed Wang Yuan's provocation and wanted to occupy Longxi and seek hegemony, so he was suspicious of the Han Dynasty. Seeing this, Ma Yuan wrote many letters to persuade him. He resented Ma Yuan and thought that he had deviated from himself. When he saw the letter, he became more and more angry. Later, he set up an army to resist the imperial court. Ma Yuan wrote a letter to Liu Xiu, stating his plan to eliminate Xiaoxiao. Liu Xiu adopted Ma Yuan '.

Ma Yuan also wrote a letter to Yang Guang, the Minister of kaixiao, telling him about his interests. He hoped that he would return to the Han Dynasty and admonish kaixiao to rein in. Yang Guang did not reply.

In the eighth year of Jianwu (32nd year), Liu Xiu personally fought against Xiaoxiao. When the army marched to Qixian County, many generals thought that the future situation was unclear and the outcome was difficult to predict, so it was not suitable to go deep into the danger. Liu Xiu was also hesitant and could not make up her mind, so Ma Yuan was ordered to come. Liu Xiu met overnight and told Ma Yuan about the generals' opinions for his advice. Therefore, Ma Yuan expressed his own opinion. He thought that the general of kaihuo was falling apart. If he took the opportunity to attack, he would win the whole game. Then he ordered people to take some rice. At present, he piled rice into valleys and gullies in front of Emperor Guangwu. Then he pointed out the situation of mountains and rivers, and marked the way for the troops to move forward and backward. The twists and turns were hidden, and the analysis of the war situation was clear. Liu Xiu was overjoyed and said, "the enemy has been in my eyes." So he decided to March. The next day, Emperor Guangwu marched straight into the first city of Gaoping. At that time, mu Dourong of Liangzhou led the five prefectures of Hexi (Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Zhangye, Wuwei, Jincheng) to join with Liu Xiu by tens of thousands of foot bikes and 5000 wagons. Thirteen generals and more than 100000 troops of kaixiao fell without fighting. Kaixiao fled to Xicheng and helped Li Yu and Tian Yan escape to Shanghe. The Han army occupied 16 counties in Tianshui. Liu Xiu sent Wu Han and Cen Peng to encircle the western city and Geng Yi to encircle Shangying. So far, the main force of kaixiao army was basically eliminated by Han army.

In this war, Ma Yuan's "piling rice for mountain" is an important reason for winning this war, which is also a pioneering work in the history of war and of great significance.

Pacifying the Qiang rebellion

In the ninth year of Jianwu (33rd year), Ma Yuan was appointed as Taizhong doctor. As the deputy of laishe, he led the troops stationed in Chang'an. Since the end of the new dynasty, the Qiang people outside the Great Wall have constantly invaded the border, and many Qiang people even took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains to live in the Great Wall. Jincheng is a county, mostly occupied by Qiang people. Lai she wrote a letter on this matter, saying that there were many disasters in Longxi, and no one could pacify him except Ma Yuan.

In the 11th year of Jianwu (35th year), Liu Xiu appointed Ma Yuan as the prefect of Longxi. Ma Yuan sent 3000 horsemen to beat Xianling Qiang in Lintao, beheaded hundreds of people and obtained more than 10000 horses, cattle and sheep. There are more than 8000 Qiang people guarding the fortress, and they are expected to surrender. At that time, there were tens of thousands of people in the Qiang tribes who occupied the pass to resist. Ma Yuan and Yang Wu General Ma Cheng led the troops to attack, and the Qiang people would fight

Chinese PinYin : Ma Yuan