Chen Hongshou

Chen Hongshou

Chen Hongshou (1768-1822) was a calligrapher, painter and seal cutter from Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Zi Gong was named Mansheng, mangong, mangong, Gongshou, Yiyi, Zhongyu Xianli, Zhongyu Xianke, Jiagu TingChang, Laoman, etc. He once served as the magistrate of Ganyu, Liyang and Jiangnan coastal defense.

He is good at making Yixing purple clay teapots, which is called Mansheng teapot. Calligraphy is good at Xing, Cao, Zhuan and Li. The running script is elegant and elegant, and its branches are widely opened. It is unique in the Qing Dynasty. The seal cutting is based on the seal of Qin and Han Dynasties, and involves Ding Jing, Huang Yi and others. The strokes of the seal are square, bold, natural and free, the sharp edges are exposed, and the ancient style is clumsy and unrestrained. It is one of the eight schools of Xiling.

There are "Zhongyu xianguan miming", "Zhongyu xianguan yinpu" and "Zhongyu xianguan poetry anthology", "sang LIANLI library anthology". In the 21st year of Jiaqing, he wrote prefaces and postscripts for Zhou Chun's folya.

Artistic attainments

Chen Hongshou is one of the famous "eight schools of Xiling" for his wide range of art and high attainments. His seal cutting was in and out of Qin and Han Dynasties. He was good at painting landscapes and flowers, and his calligraphy was most famous for official script.

His calligraphy is most famous for official script and running script. His official script is pure and unrestrained, and his body is free. It was an innovative style at that time.

He learned a lot from Han steles, especially from Han cliff inscriptions, and formed his own unique features of gold and stone. The strokes are round and vigorous, such as silver and iron hooks. The artistic conception is simple and simple, and the porcelain is vigorous and vigorous.

Compared with the previous Lishu, Chen Hongshou's Lishu has the characteristics of "crazy and strange", which shows that he has the courage and ability to innovate. However, in the conclusion and composition, his pen still abides by the ancient law, the pen is the center, and he has the strength to go through the back of the paper.

Life of the characters

At first, it seems that Chen Hongshou appeared in front of the world as a general political figure,

We don't know much about him as an official in the imperial court. We only know that he once served as a fellow of Jiangfang and Haifang River affairs, as well as as a governor of Liyang, and later as a magistrate of Ganyu. When he was in Ganyu County (Haizhou area of Jiangsu Province near Shandong Province), he once "captured salt owls and built bridges". More importantly, he managed rivers well in the local area. According to the annals of Ganyu County in 1894, Chen Hongshou was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang Province, and paid tribute to them. Clean and honest government is beneficial. First, the Dasha River was choked up, and the water rose, and the land was overflowed. The official of Hongshou was Juejin, who advocated that the river should be dredged, so that the people would not be affected. Calligraphy originated in Dong Qichang, and people still treasure it. " Chen Hongshou had a long history in politics. According to the record: "Chen Hongshou Sexual intercourse, in learning more understanding. Those who think that there is no outstanding person, then Yi Yi Zhuan, Li, Xing, cursive, for poetry do not matter bitter chant, natural Lang Chang. When Ruan Yuan strove Zhejiang, Fang raised coastal defense, and Hongshou followed yuan's light truck to and fro, and then went to the grass, and a hundred letters were immediately sent. In his spare time, he carved candles and wrote poems with famous scholars, which the group thought was out of reach. He was the magistrate of Liyang county. He imitated the two methods of Gongshi to make tea utensils. He wrote inscriptions and engraved them by hand. For a time, he was known as Mansheng pot. And Su Jiashi and chuiya, so also According to another introduction, "Chen Hongshou was first known as Ruan Yuntai Minister for ancient studies. When he was in charge of Zhejiang Province, he was with his younger brother Yunbo at the same time. He was known as" two Chen ". From here, it can be seen that he entered the political arena as an aide.

extremely clever or intelligent

Chen Hongshou is an extremely intelligent person with strong ability. He can handle government affairs and draft manuscripts. He can "fly through the grass and write hundreds of letters." Here, we can see that Ruan Yuan (1764-1849), the governor of Zhejiang Province, who he once followed, was a master of Confucian classics who advocated "academic self-determination". He had compiled and interpreted the classics, annotated the thirteen classics, and was a Bachelor of the temple of Ti Ren when he was in Daoguang. In addition, there are many literary experts in his hometown and colleagues. In such a literati atmosphere of officialdom, there is an evaluation that "the group thinks it is out of reach". From the middle foot, we can see Chen Hongshou's brilliant talent. Another record about Chen Hongshou has a more detailed comprehensive description of his life. After he was given tribute in 1801, he was "examined as a magistrate of the county, distributed to Guangdong, Dingyou served the customs, played a role in Jiangnan, served in Ganyu County, and supplemented Liyang county.". After the river industry, we know the same thing about river defense and coastal defense. In the second year of Daoguang's reign, he died of wind disease. He was fifty years old and five years old. "

Chen Hongshou was born in 1768, the 33rd year of Qianlong's reign, and died in 1822, the second year of Daoguang's reign. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), he entered the political arena at the age of 34. However, his official career didn't seem to be "prosperous", and he was only a county magistrate and a coastal defense River affairs officer. The highest official positions were Jiangfang River affairs officer and Jiangnan coastal defense River affairs officer. There have always been a lot of statements about his tenure. Now it is certain that he has never served as the magistrate of Yixing, but as the magistrate of Liyang. However, the time of his tenure is not uniform. Many people think that he has only one term in Liyang or Yixing, that is, three years. It is recorded in Yangxian Sandhu Tu Kao that he was the magistrate of Yixing in 1816. In Liyang, there is still a saying that he has only been a local magistrate once. Of course, they know that Chen Hongshou was already a magistrate in Liyang in the 16th year of Jiaqing, but they don't know what happened after the 18th year of Jiaqing. In Liyang county annals, there are many records about Chen Hongshou's appointment as county magistrate in the 17th and 18th years of Jiaqing. According to the records of Liyang County, the magistrate of Liyang County, published in the 18th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, "Chen Hongshou, with the name of Mansheng, was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang Province. He took office on March 19, 2016 after paying tribute in Xinyou, Jiaqing." Therefore, it can be determined that Chen Hongshou arrived in 1811, the 16th year of Jiaqing, when he was 44 years old. In addition, most of Chen Hongshou's manuscripts appear in the Liyang county annals of Jiaqing, such as his preface to the county annals in June of the 18th year of Jiaqing and his inscription of Pingling Academy in August of the 17th year.

Main achievements

Master of Art

Looking at Chen Hongshou's life, although he was not prosperous in his official career, he was very successful in art. He is a versatile person who is good at calligraphy and painting, especially in calligraphy, including seal script, official script, line and grass. This is fully illustrated by historical documents and many calligraphy and painting works collected in Shanghai Museum. He also knows the inscriptions. The preface to the Orchid Pavilion of the dragon in the Museum of cultural relics of the Chinese University of Hong Kong contains a postscript written by Chen Hongshou: "this one is different in size and size, and the structure of calligraphy and painting is quite different Four days after Jiaqing Yihai, Chen Hongshou was inscribed in Chengen temple in Jiangning From this point of view, he seems to be very good at the study of inscriptions, which is consistent with the conclusion in the article that he is "cool and fond of cliff inscriptions, the regular script is ancient and elegant, the seal cutting has a lot of money and knowledge, and the exquisite and strict style is incomparable". However, it is not his calligraphy, paintings and even steles, but his seal cutting that can make later generations admire him. The author does not dare to comment on the academic issues of calligraphy, painting, inscription and seal cutting. However, from the proportion of his achievements in various fields, seal cutting is his outstanding part, because he can be called one of the "eight schools of Xiling", which means that he has made ten important achievements in the field of seal cutting. Many seals made by Chen Hongshou in Shanghai Museum and other institutions are evidence of this .

Artistic achievements

After Ding Jing, Jiang Ren, Huang Yi and Xi Gang, he was good at painting landscapes, flowers and orchids. Shanshui Jiegan was between Yao Shou and Cheng Sui in Ming Dynasty. Although orchid and bamboo originated from Chen Daofu and Li Zhen, they were not restricted to patriarchal clan system, but had natural and unrestrained interest. They were the pioneers of Zhao Zhiqian. Li calligraphy is the most famous calligraphy. His calligraphy is most famous for official script and running script. His official script is pure and unrestrained, and his body is free. It was an innovative style at that time. He learned a lot from Han steles, especially from Han cliff inscriptions, and formed his own unique features of gold and stone. The strokes are round and vigorous, such as silver and iron hooks. The artistic conception is simple and simple, and the porcelain is vigorous and vigorous. Compared with the previous Lishu, Chen Hongshou's Lishu has the characteristics of "crazy and strange", which shows that he has the courage and ability to innovate. However, in the conclusion and composition, his pen still abides by the ancient law, the pen is the center, and he has the strength to go through the back of the paper. His seal script is a little cursive. He likes to use cutting knives. His knife is like thunder. He is vast and generous, and he is straightforward and unrestrained, which makes the appearance of Zhejiang School New. Most people in Zhejiang learn from him and have a deep influence on later generations. He is as famous as Chen Yuzhong and is known as "Er Chen" in the world. The running script is elegant. Jiang Baoling said in Mo Lin Jin Hua: "Mansheng is fond of cliff inscriptions. His regular script is ancient and elegant, and he has a good sense of style.

Main works

No one can be as strict as you can be. "In addition, Chen Hongshou is good at bamboo carving, erudite and able to write poems. He is the author of Sang Lian Li Guan poetry anthology and Zhong Yu Xian Guan seal. Ink handed down from generation to generation includes the axis of running script and the axis of seven unique poems in running script. In the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, the wind of textual research prevailed, and the special subjects such as exegesis, characters, inscriptions, phonology and so on got a breakthrough development, which was called "Qianjia school". There is no lack of scholars and academic achievements in the study of epigraphy. Chen Hongshou, one of the eight schools in Xiling, is one of them. He was born in the 33rd year of Qianlong, active in the Jiaqing Dynasty, and died in the second year of Daoguang, which just witnessed the turning point of Qing Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Chen Mansheng's extraordinary artistic achievement is based on his profound artistic accomplishment and unique personality and artistic thought. Zeng RI: "all poetry, calligraphy and painting, do not have to be very home, but to see heaven." His artistic tenet is simple and natural, and his sentiment is sincere. His nature is gentle and honest. He once wrote on his thirty-nine year old little statue day that "all ancients can learn from each other, and all modern people can be friends"; and "big things are not confused, but small things are boring.". All show their open mind. Mansheng likes to roam through Yanqi, Chu and Guangdong. His hometown Qiantang is more unforgettable. He once accompanied his friends

Chinese PinYin : Chen Hong Shou