Liu Shaokuan

Liu Shaokuan

Liu Shaokuan (1867-1942), with the name of Rao and the name of Houzhuang, was a social activist in Wenzhou area in modern times. He was a diligent local cultural and public welfare enterprise. He was born on October 13 (November 8) in Dingmao, the sixth year of Tongzhi reign in the Qing Dynasty, in Liudian, baishali, Jiangnan Township, Pingyang County (now Longgang City, Wenzhou City).

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Liu Shaokuan (1867-1942), with the name of Rao and the name of Houzhuang, was a keen social activist and diligent local cultural and public welfare enterprise in Wenzhou area in modern times. He was born in Liudian, baishali, Jiangnan Township, Pingyang County (now Longgang Town, Cangnan County) on October 13 (November 8) in the sixth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty.

His father, Liu Qingxiang, was a student in Yuxi county. He was good at poetry and parallel prose, especially seal cutting. He wrote four volumes of tiegengxiaozhu yinpu and one volume of shiwenchao. He was a apprentice. Yuxi has four male brothers. His eldest brother, Mingxin, was born early. His wife, Yang's, was widowed five years after marriage. He said, "mourn for self-determination, and his family is strict. He told aunt Weng to be in the hall. Aunt zugu was old and died unfilial. The second brother and the fourth brother were all defeated because they didn't do anything about production. Yuxi first married Cao and gave birth to a daughter. Then she married Xue and gave birth to a daughter and a son. The son was Shaokuan, but he died the next year. At that time, her sister-in-law, Yang, was 42 years old. She was ordered by Aunt Weng to take Shaokuan as her own son and bring her back to live in dongdun family of Zhangjiabao. Yuxi married Zhang's family three times and gave birth to two daughters and two sons. The sons were named Shaoyu and Shaochen. Shaokuan was raised in the Yang family, which had a great influence on his growth. The Yang family "thrived in the countryside with their wealth". In the Peizhen generation, they "worked hard in Confucianism and supplemented the students in the county, that is to say, they joined the Imperial College with their wealth". Later, they became a local famous squire with the title of "Zhongshu" in the Department of Chinese calligraphy. Yang is his daughter. However, he "did not take the imperial examination, but liked to read the Confucian books of Song Dynasty. He had strict self-discipline, and his words were always polite." he had a good relationship with Ruian sun Yiyan. During the uprising of qianqianhui, he organized regiments to row the river and defend the south of the Yangtze River. He died of chronic fatigue. Pei Zhen has three sons: Chang Chunyue, whose name is xunbo, whose name is Xiaoxi, is recommended by Zengsheng; CI Jingcheng, whose name is Zhongyu, whose name is Yulou, is a student of Tongzhi for four years. "Brother mechanics attack the text, learn to raise the son industry, sun Yiyan see its Yulou text strange. He was appointed to study as an official in Jiangning. On the one hand, he made an appointment with his elder brother, a professor living in the countryside. On the other hand, he set up a "Pro benevolent social school" and "monthly lecture" to teach the children of the party. The third son, named Jingqing, was named Junping. He was born as a cook. For example, he was a tribute to Taixue and a teacher to wenlinlang. But because the two brothers were both employed by the sun Yiyan brothers, he worked alone in the family. Yang is their elder sister, and her brothers are very friendly. They "sit in the atrium in the morning and evening when they are free, and talk with each other about scriptures and history, national anecdotes, and celebrity anecdotes. In winter, they sit under the South eaves.". This gave him good edification when he was young. At the age of six, he and his cousin Chen learned sentence reading from Yang Qinzhou, a Gongsheng. He was one year younger. He was the son of Jingqing. He was a gifted child. "At the age of five, he could read Erya, at the age of ten, he could write a composition, and at the end of fifteen, he finished nine classics." they learned from each other and made great progress in their studies. By the age of 11, the Yang family had changed four Mongolian teachers and received different styles of education. When he was 12 years old, his uncle's family separated. Yang's mother took him to live in the West Wing of Yang Yusheng's house in Zhongcang, about 100 meters away from his uncle's family, and then went to study in his uncle's family. From the age of 13 to 17, the Yang family invited Xiang Yunong, who is knowledgeable in classics and history and proficient in eight part essay, to give a lecture and launch a sprint for the imperial examination. He still studied in his uncle's home. In April, he took part in the county examination. After four examinations, he won the first prize in the total case and was highly praised by the magistrate Tang Zhaoxi. In June, he passed the government examination and the autumn hospital examination, and both he and his son Chen were admitted to the county school. In winter, he married Mrs. Chen, who was the same age. It was the so-called "wedding night, when the golden list was named" that made Yang's mother happy. For several years, he devoted himself to Bagu arts and wrote poems all day long, saying that he "made a speech on behalf of the ancients". This kind of exam oriented learning resulted in a narrow range of knowledge. After becoming a scholar, he was eager to broaden his horizons. He read the book "Jingyu must read", which is a little bit more knowledge for the common Confucians in the imperial examination. "It's quite deep and provincial. You can only learn from it at any time. You can ask for the books of Zhuangzi and Laozi to read them." when he read LAN Dingyuan (1680-1733), a native of Zhangpu, Fujian Province, named Yulin, named Luzhou, Yongzheng Bagong, he was respected by Zhu Li, a bachelor, and served as magistrate of Puning County, and was stationed in Guangzhou prefect. He once went to Taiwan with his brother Tingzhen to suppress Zhu Yimian's uprising. He wrote about Taiwan's aftercare policy. He stressed that all taxes and servitudes should be levied, that land should be cultivated extensively to make the best use of land resources, that the ban on the sea should be lifted, and that "the way to make money lies in all kinds of work.". He has also written a brief account of the platform and the Luzhou case. After learning about the differences between Zhu Xi's and Wang Shouren's theories, he asked Yang Yulou to get Jin Si Lu from him, and began to pay attention to the cultivation of self-cultivation of Neo Confucianism. On August 23, French ships raided Fujian Navy and Fuzhou Shipping Bureau in Majiang (Mawei), resulting in the sinking or burning of Nanyang Navy's flagship "Yangwei" and eight gunboats and two transport ships, and the sinking and destruction of more than 40 gunboats and merchant ships nearby. 521 Chinese officers and soldiers were killed and 150 injured, while the French navy was injured Only five people were killed and 15 injured. The shipyard was blasted by French ships. Shipyard facilities, warehouses and a cruiser to be completed were destroyed to varying degrees. This stimulated his national consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm. He wrote poems and books, and became a child to learn elephant dance In order to annihilate Hu Lu, Zhuang Huai is generous, hard hearted and charming! At the age of 20, he began to teach and read. By this time, he had finished 14 years of study with Zichen, and had his eldest daughter, who was related to Britain, and his family had a heavy burden. He no longer allowed his mother to "assist the family with needlework day by day, and knit at night. Although it was cold in the night, he could not stop spying" and "daily food and vegetables should not be mixed", leading a hard life. The first group of students were Wang Lifu and Yang Mufu. The next year, Chen Yuqi, the son of his wife and brother Chen Shoumin, was added. With the allowance and reward he got from taking the county school examination, Yang's mother happily said, "if you can stand on your own, I won't worry.". His wife, Chen, can share weal and woe, live a happy life, and live a life of "poor food and less power than agriculture, rural areas and farmers". The apprenticeship work continued until the age of 30, and he dropped out because of the fact that middle school Ding Xi (1897) paid tribute and wanted to go to the imperial examination in Beijing. However, his apprentices, such as Wang Lifu, were famous for their performance in the examination, and the number of students increased to more than ten, and most of them achieved great success. This has a lot to do with his dedication. He once said, "it's easy to do things, and the object and the subject are not clear. If we take the apprentice as the task, then the course in the library is boring and broken, and all the things we teach ourselves are just the same.". During this period, his thought experienced a leap and his life was full of training. At the age of 23, Yang's mother died of dysentery at the age of 63. When he felt sorry for not being filial, disaster came again. At the age of 26, his father, yuxigong, died again. His father, who had been "burdened with a heavy family, left his 42 year old stepmother Zhang, his 14-year-old younger sister, and his 9-year-old and 5-year-old younger brothers, had to share the responsibility of" serving livestock ". His family was even more burdened. He deeply felt that he had no skill in self-cultivation, and wrote seven articles in Shangzhi treaty, which included "strive to economize on living, do not compete with the secular world and lose yourself, and think rashly about not sharing money" to encourage himself. In order to save money, he "set a limit on the amount of money to be used in a year, and divided it by the day. How much money should be used every day. In addition, a volume of "household standards" will be set up to check the amount of money earned on a certain day according to the limit day by day. If there is a win, the amount of money earned on a certain day will be recorded. If there is a win, the amount of money spent on a certain day will be recorded. The total period will be calculated in one year. If the limit is reached, there is no way to go in and out, but the waste can be saved. In learning, he was lucky to get the guidance of Jin Hui. Jin Hui (1849-1913), named Dunzhai, was one of the founders of Ruian Qiuzhi society. "Yan Li zhengzhuan was in Ouluo", the practice and disseminator of Yan Xizhai school, and a rebel who boasted of "Gesheng" and despised the imperial examination. Hired by Yang Jingqing, he came to Zhangjiabao to teach Zichen. The next year, he took charge of Shishan Academy in Jinxiang. He advocated "no writing at the present time" and "specialized and useful learning". He brought a new style of study and cultivated a group of followers of Yan Li school. Shao Kuan "knew that there was a study of learning fast" and "he knew the business of running the world and didn't care about the imperial examination", which made his outlook on life "change hands from the beginning of Zhixue". Starting from 1888, he kept a diary for ten years, which was "uninterrupted, physical and mental examination, quite effective". In 1890, he ordered Shenbao from qiejiang (Shenbao, the oldest newspaper in China, was founded in Shanghai by Ernest magcn in 1872, purchased by Xi Yufu, the Chinese manager of Shenbao in 1909, and ceased publication when Shanghai was liberated in May 1949) In order to know current affairs. When the Sino Japanese war broke out in 1894, he paid close attention to the situation of the war. He was grieved at the corruption of the Qing government and the treachery and ferocity of the Japanese aggressors. He thought that "the authorities are to blame, not to be punished.". With the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the invasion of foreign powers and the suffering of the people, he could not help doing evil in his heart every time he read the notes of his residence. He realized that "the ship is strong and the artillery is powerful, and the foreign countries are good at it, and the monarch and the people are one, and the ambition and expertise are beyond the reach of China and Korea. I'm afraid I'll spend a lot of money on buying ships and guns. When it comes to Suiyuan, I know that I'm going to give it to the enemy, so I'll die faster. ". We believe that "from the bottom to the top, nature is in order; from the top to the bottom, there will be no good governance."

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shao Kuan