Liu Qiu

Liu Qiu

Liu Qiu (1392-1443) was born in Anfu (now in Gezhou village, Shanzhuang Township, Anfu county, Jiangxi Province). Ming Yingzong was a famous admonitor.

In the 19th year of Yongle (1421), Liu qiudeng became a Jinshi. He was the head of the Ministry of rites, and participated in the compilation of Xuanzong's memoir. In the sixth year of Zhengtong (1441), Shangshu fought against Luchuan. In the eighth year of Zhengtong (1443), Chen Yan was summoned and the loss of Luchuan was also mentioned. He disobeyed Wang Zhen and was arrested in the imperial prison. He was dismembered by Ma Shun. Emperor Jing ascended the throne and presented his posthumous title of Zhongmin to the Hanlin scholars. He set up a temple in his hometown to offer sacrifices.

Liu Qiu once lived and studied at home for ten years. He has collected works of Liangxi from many scholars.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Qiu was born in 1392, the 25th year of Hongwu, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in 1421, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. Then he studied at home for ten years. Many people listened to him. Later, he was awarded the head of the Ministry of rites. Hu recommended him to serve at the lecture banquet, and because of his participation in the compilation of Xuanzong Shilu, he was changed to serve as a scholar. His cousin Liu Yao, who was the magistrate of Putian County, gave him a piece of summer cloth. Liu returned it to him and wrote a letter warning him.

Admonishment for Luchuan

In August of the fifth year of Zhengtong (1440), Jiang GUI played: "when the governor of Shazhou garrison was trapped, he and Chijin Mongol garrison reported to each other that they were in a hurry to attack and encircle Hami with Shaanxi Ding and his troops, but the loyal King's younger brother mengge Buhua moved to sikuo and led his troops to defeat them.". The first son lived in Huanghe Erhuai, and the second son lived in tuotuobuhua. I'm afraid that thieves will disturb my frontier defense. Zhu Qizhen is his speech. In order to be prepared for a sudden warning, the officers and soldiers were rewarded and the troops were trained. In the sixth year of Zhengtong (1441), Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, on the advice of Zhang Fu and others, carried out the battle of Luchuan. The Ming Court held a five-day discussion. On the fifth day, the official of Hanlin academy talked about Liu Qiu's admonition to cut down the Lushu River, which was the same as he Wenyuan's view. He advocated advocating enlightenment, and sent troops to cultivate, and cultivated and kept. It is suggested that Yingzong should pay attention to the northwest defense, such as "dredging ditches and walls, repairing castles, training frequently and keeping watch to avoid danger". The memorial goes down to the Ministry of war. According to the Ministry of war, the northwest frontier defense is also an important task, but the battle of Luchuan has been completed and cannot be recovered. He Wenyuan and Liu Qiu, who were most strongly opposed, were civil ministers in the inner court of the imperial court. They had never worked in the border areas and lacked knowledge of the southwest border areas. In addition, they took Tang Yu as an example and often advocated worshipping the ancients and following their ancestors, which was too pedantic and narrow-minded. Their proposal was only based on the central view of the imperial court, and ignored the national interests and the border areas. Therefore, it was not adopted by Ming Yingzong. However, in view of Jiang GUI's and Liu Qiu's advice on Northwest defense, the northern generals only transferred Jiang GUI and Li an; the money, food, troops and horses needed for the Luchuan expedition were prepared by the southern provinces. In the sixth year of Zhengtong, the battle of Fengzhou was carried out in Northwest China.

Ten things

In May of 1443, Fengtian hall was struck by lightning. In response to the imperial edict, Liu Qiu put forward ten suggestions that should be implemented first. Generally speaking

In ancient times, the holy king did not do useless things, so he was upright in mind and heaven did not oppose him. I hope your majesty will be diligent in lecturing and introducing some Confucian ministers to explain the pursuit of supremacy. We must make sure that knowledge is good and that reason and desire can be separated. In this way, the holy heart will be right and the heavenly heart will be obedient. If the decree comes from your majesty, the power will not be transferred down. Three times a day, Taizu and Taizong often summoned ministers to the biandian to deal with Baizheng, and their power came to the top. His majesty has been on the throne for nine years, and has gradually become familiar with the matter. May your majesty abide by the rules of the two saints, restore their practice of judging political affairs personally, and unify their power.

In ancient times, when choosing a minister, one must first ask the people around him, as well as the doctors and Chinese. Although the minister committed the crime of great creation, he did not need to be executed with instruments of torture, but was only given death. Now the selection of ministers was not always based on public opinion, but when they made minor mistakes, they shackled and tortured them. But after a while, they were reinstated, which is not a courtesy to ministers. The choice of ministers from now on should satisfy the public opinion. If a minister has a minor fault, he will let it go. If it is unforgivable, it should also be handed over to the legal department for conviction and let them make their own plans. Don't arrest them easily, so as not to violate their duty.

Today's Taichang, that is, the ancient zhizong, must choose a minister who is clear, prudent, and familiar with etiquette, and then communicate with the gods. Nowadays, the chief ministers and assistant officials of Taichang temple are all vacant, so we should choose Confucian officials to take charge of this position.

In ancient times, the purpose of inspecting hunting was to investigate the gains and losses of officials and to inquire about the sufferings of the people. During the heyday of the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, envoys were sent to patrol counties for many times, which was also carried out in Hongwu and Yongle years. It has not been done for a long time now, so the officials are corrupt and brutal, and the people are in dire straits, especially in the army and the guards. We should choose honest and capable officials and send them to patrol the world separately.

In ancient times, the monarch did not try the prison in person, but had to hand it over to the officer in charge of the punishment, because he was afraid that he would be more or less serious in sentencing because of his own happiness and anger. Recently, most of the cases submitted by the legal department have been increased or decreased by Royal edicts. The legal department can't insist on the principle. When other prisoners are interrogated, they wait and see whether the edict is important. Therefore, the people are often wronged and should be allowed to perform their duties. As for the operation and transportation of rice and other practices, they are not ancient laws, especially should be abolished.

In the spring and Autumn Annals, there are records of construction projects, which is to warn future generations not to trouble the people. It has been five or six years since the capital was built. It is said that it does not bother the people, but it enslaves the soldiers. Isn't the soldier the only child of the country? Moreover, most of the projects have been completed and should be stopped to relieve the pressure of the people.

When floods and droughts occur in various places, the officials concerned neither provide relief nor ask for tax reduction or exemption. Some of them are just empty words. The Ministry of household should be ordered to provide regular relief, increase taxes and reduce taxes, so that the people will not lose their jobs.

Luchuan used troops for years, and seven or eight tenths of them died. His military expenses and titles were beyond measure. Now he sent Jiang GUI on an expedition to Myanmar and asked them to give up their thoughts. Even if it is really captured back, it is just hanging its head in the thoroughfare. Myanmar will therefore blackmail credit, and will certainly request to share its land with mubang. If you don't give it to them, it will make them angry. If you give it to them, it will make them two big. This is to reduce one Lu Chuan and give birth to two Lu Chuan. If there is a mistake, there will be no end to it. When I see that your majesty tries serious criminals every time, I will forgive them and make them join the army! Now, because he wants to capture a fleeing bandit who has lost his land alive, he drives tens of thousands of innocent people to die. Isn't this against your Majesty's benevolence of loving life! Moreover, sijifa had sent people to pay tribute, not without the intention of repentance and begging for forgiveness. If Myanmar is ordered to cut off the head of Si Ren FA and offer it, and Si Ji Fa is still ordered to cut off all the four territories and give them to the new barbarians of each village, then one side will have peace.

There are more and more tribute envoys in Yibei. It's hard to estimate that they have evil intentions. They should be assigned to the central government and the censor to inspect the frontier defense forces in the capital and train them in time. They should not be allowed to borrow workers from factories to serve in private. We should openly carry out military election in order to attract good generals, and formulate recruitment methods to attract brave people; we should widely open up farmland and carry out salt law to enrich savings, so that there is no shortage of military equipment, and we should also guard against foreign invasion. "

After the memorials were submitted to the court, Yingzong submitted them to the court for discussion. The court officials only thought that the choice of Taichang officials should be obeyed. Emperor Yingzong ordered the Ministry of officials to select a candidate to write Dong Li, so he asked to be a Taichang official and carry out sacrificial service.

He was killed

At the beginning, when Liu Qiu talked about the battle of Luchuan, Wang Zhen already hated him. Qin Tianjian is a fellow townsman of Peng Deqing and Liu Qiu, and has always been Wang Zhen's confidant. He conceals and does not report any change in astronomy. He is a traitor by relying on Wang Zhen's power. Gongqing paid more visits to him, but Liuqiu never got in touch with him. Peng Deqing hated him, so he quoted the words in the memorial to Wang Zhen and said, "this means you." Wang Zhen is even more angry. When Dong's memorial was presented, Wang Zhen said that Liu Qiu was in collusion with him and arrested them in Imperial prison. He ordered Ma Shun, commander of the royal guards, to kill Liu Qiu. Ma Shun took a small school with a knife to the place where Liu Qiu was detained late at night. Liu Qiu was asleep, and immediately got up and stood up, shouting Taizu and Taizong. His head was cut off and his body was still standing. Ma shunsui dismembered him and buried him under the prison gate. Dong Li steals the bleeding skirt from the side and gives it to Liu Qiu's family. Later, his son Liu Yue found an arm and wrapped it in a blood skirt.

Redress injustice

A few years after Liu Qiu's death, Wala invaded. Yingzong was captured and Wang Zhen was killed. The courtiers killed Ma Shun in the court hall. Peng Deqing escaped from tububao and was put into prison. He was sentenced to beheading and died in prison soon after. Emperor Jing ordered him to be killed. Emperor Jing pitied Liu Qiu's loyalty and gave him a posthumous title of Zhongmin as a scholar of Hanlin. He set up a temple in his hometown to offer sacrifices to him.

Historical evaluation

Yu Qian: heart of iron and stone, spirit of ice and jade. Transcendent things, not a dust. Ancient gentleman, today's minister. Only by doing so, can we learn enough to respect the Lord and protect the people. He holds a correct view and speaks frankly. When he is raped, he will be punished. If he is raped, he will be rewarded by heaven but not by others. If he is raped, he will be punished by the Tao but not by himself. Shengming Yuyu, the scenery life is only new. If there is a compassionate code, there will be gentry. The portrait of Sicun is like a turban. He who looks up is like listening to the phoenix of Yu Ting, and he who looks up is like seeing the Lin of Lu Jiao. Eh, Si people are just what Confucius and Mencius call "taking justice for benevolence".

Shao Bao: on the famous officials, between Zhengtong and Jingtai, Liu Zhongmin dunjun and Chen Dayi, Zhang Gongyi Mingguo great discipline, in Sumin to build the country great contribution. They are willing to be the ones who can't get the whip.

Tu Long: Liu zhongzhuqiu, Zou jishizhi, Huang shaoqinggong, Yang zhongzhujisheng, Shen shaoqinglian, and Liu Shiyu killed him when he attacked the platform. The dragon was better than his wife. Yang Zhongjie was the most prosperous when he was strong.

Chen Menglei: I said Liu Qiu was killed by Wang Zhen. City People

Chinese PinYin : Liu Qiu