Shijie

Shijie

Shi Jie (1005-1045) has the character of "guarding the road" and "public operation". Yanzhou Fengfu (now Qiaogou village, jianlai Town, Daiyue district, Tai'an City, Shandong Province) is a native. He was a beginner and thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty. The forerunner of Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty. Taishan academy and jianlai Academy were founded. They taught students in the book of changes and the spring and Autumn Annals. They attached great importance to righteousness and reason, but could not help explaining and commenting, which was the pioneer of Neo Confucianism in the song and Ming Dynasties. The world is known as Mr. Yu Lai. The founder of Taishan school. The theories of "Li", "Qi", "Dao Tong" and "Wen Dao" had a great influence on "Er Cheng" and Zhu Xi.

Jinshi in the eighth year of Tiansheng. He once served as the Imperial College and said directly, "there are a lot of people who have learned from it, and the prosperity of Taixue begins with his teacher." The crown prince agreed. He, Sun Fu and Hu Yuan advocated "learning from benevolence, righteousness, rites and music" and called them "Mr. Song Chu San". He emphasized that "the people are the foundation of the country" and advocated "relieving the difficulties of the people". From the standpoint of Confucianism, he opposed Buddhism and Taoism and flaunted the monarchy, which provided an argument for strengthening the centralization of power in the early Song Dynasty. The article must serve the Confucian orthodoxy. He once wrote strange stories and attacked the flashy style of the early Song Dynasty. He is the author of 20 volumes of the collection of Yu Lai.

brief account of the author's life

Shi Jie was born in a big family of "farmers" and "proud in the countryside". His father, Shi bingda, was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Xiangfu (1012 AD), "specialized in the study of the spring and Autumn Annals of the three families", "became an official in the prince Zhongshe" and became a doctor of Taichang. Shi Jie "looks thick and full of Qi, studious and ambitious." When he was in his twenties, he traveled north to Wei, went to the birthplace of Liu Kai, an ancient writer in the early Song Dynasty, and paid a visit to Liu's remains. Then he went south to song city (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), went to Nandu school, and read poems and books with Fan Zhongyan, a politician and writer. In the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), Shi Jiezhong, a 26-year-old Jinshi, served as an official in Yunzhou.

Shi Jie was born in the second year of Jingde (1005). His hometown is Qiaogou village, jianlai Town, Tai'an City. Its location, negative Mount Tai, Jialai, Wenshui injection later, by its west, negative mountain surface water, beautiful environment. Shi's family flourished on this land. When Shi Jie arrived, the family flourished day by day, and his father's generation had sixteen courtyards. According to Ouyang Xiu's epitaph of Mr. Yu Lai, Shi Jie was "a farmer", his father Shi Bing was "specialized in studying the spring and Autumn Annals of the three families", and Zhenzong was "promoted to the throne before the emperor and became an official to the prince Zhongshe" in 1012. The education Shi Jie received when he was young was beyond examination, but his father, who was proficient in three schools of spring and Autumn Annals, had a great influence on his later academic direction. The family background of small bureaucrats has a positive educational significance for their growth. Because the Shi family is a large feudal family living together. In order to take care of his family business, he "came to the countryside to learn from the old farmers" (Volume 17 of the collected works of Mr. Yu Lai Shi) and cultivated Shi Jie's excellent qualities of self-reliance and consideration for others.

In the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027 AD), Shi Jie was 23 years old. He studied in yingtianfu and studied in Fan Zhongyan. At that time, Yan Shu knew Ying Tianfu and attached great importance to education. When Fan Zhongyan lived at home because of his mother's death, Yan Shu asked him to be the head of Ying Tianfu Academy. Shi Jie came to yingtianfu at this time and studied from Fan Zhongyan. He was deeply educated and influenced by him, which laid a good foundation for him to become an important thinker in the early Northern Song Dynasty. And because of this experience of learning from Fan Zhongyan, Shi Jie regarded fan as his moral and academic teacher, good friend and fellow. As a result of Fan Zhongyan's reputation, the youths from all over the world are attracted to his fame one after another, and a lot of talents are produced at one time. So when it came to the Qingli new deal, they all became active supporters of Fan Zhongyan's reform.

In his youth, Shi Jie was very studious and willing. "Learning in the southern capital, its solid poor school, the world incomparable.". When Wang Du heard that he was poor, he gave the meal to Shi Jie. Shi Jie said, "it's human nature to eat Gaoliang in the morning, but not coarse rice in the evening. I don't dare to accept the delicious food you give me. I'd rather live in poverty and continue to study hard.

Shijie visited Heshuo in the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029 AD). He wrote a poem "crossing the eastern suburbs of Wei" with intense emotion, and his admiration for Liu Kai was beyond expression. To the reputation of "career too Gao Kui, can be complementary.". Shi Jie's praise of Liu Kai is not only limited to the orthodox aspect of ancient prose, but also praises his "works of Mu Zhongyan (Wang Tong) and articles of Han Yu"; he praises his military strategy: "Sun Wu is set up under the tent, and Yilu is set up in front of him. Talking about Tao Qian, going in and out of economic and fiber affairs. " This reflects that Shi Jie in his youth not only has the ancient literary tradition of the state of Qilu, but also has the martial spirit of the northern youth. "Xiongnu hate is not extinguished, Youzhou hate is not restored" is out of young Shi Jie's extreme concern for the fate of the country and nation and consciousness of historical responsibility.

In 1030, at the age of 26, Shi Jie was awarded the title of "Jinshiji" to Shi Lang, the general of the state, and the official of Yunzhou. Jingyou first year (1034) Yunzhou rank full, transferred to Nanjing left behind Tui Guan, and promoted yingtianfu Academy. According to Shi Jianzhong's introduction, Shi Jie and Sun Fu were as good friends at first sight. In the winter of 1035, Shi Jie built a house for them at the foot of Mount Tai and established Mount Tai Academy (Mount Tai academy has an extremely important position in Chinese academic history and education history and is known as the source of Neo Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties). After that, they became both teachers and friends. In the winter of that year, Du Yan recommended that Shi Jiebi be the master book of Yushitai, and then he stopped calling on the pretext of "not asking for the empress of the Five Dynasties and the puppet states with the amnesty book". The actual reason is that the old accounts are calculated together with the new ones. Shi Jie is upright and dare to speak out. "He pointed out right and wrong at that time without any scruples." when Emperor Renzong Zhao Zhen ascended the throne, he was lustful and had a strong self-esteem. Shi Jie accused the emperor of "abandoning empress Guo and favoring beautiful women", "gradually losing virtue" and "women's friends are in the palace and drinking is out of season". This is the reason why Shi Jie was dismissed.

In the first year of Baoyuan (1038), Shi Jie was born in Nanjing. His father was 70 years old, and he was a military judge in Jiazhou. He entered Shu in Xia Dynasty and wrote a lot of poems on the spot along the way. Only one month after taking office, he went home to mourn for his mother's death. "Dirty face and bare feet" and "working at the foot of the mountain". Shi Jie, who lives in Yulai, worries about the northwest. He expresses his worries through poems. "I read poetry and books all my life, and my heart is full of money. Four or five mu of thin farmland, willing to work hard? Looking northwest by hoe, tears are in the air. (my work) reminds the court: "I taste and view the world, and the northwest is dangerous and solid. All the four barbarians are courtiers, but the two despicable people are not courtiers The evil buds have grown, and the snake and the boar are very smelly. Gradually, I heard that it was quite arrogant, and the herdsmen attached themselves to Jiaodong. " National crisis, full of worry.

In March of the first year of Kangding (1040), Shi Bing died. During the bereavement of his parents, Shi Jie set up "chulai academy" in Changchunling of chulai mountain to teach students with the book of changes.

In the summer of 1042, Shi Jiefu got rid of it. Because Du Yan recommended it again, he was called to speak directly. As a result, Taixue flourished, and the number of students increased from the original 20-30 to several thousand. "There were a lot of people who followed Taixue, and the prosperity of Taixue began with my husband." (Ouyang Xiu, epitaph of Mr. Yu Lai). The ancient prose movement flourished in the highest lecture hall of the country.

In 1043, song Renzong appointed Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, ou Yangxiu, Du Yan and others as high-ranking officials. Fan Zhongyan put forward ten decrees to rectify the political affairs, such as "dethroning the migration in the Ming Dynasty, restraining the misfortune, paying tribute to the government, selecting the officials, equalizing the public land, enriching the agriculture and mulberry, repairing the military equipment, reducing the corvee, and valuing the order", which is the "new deal of Qingli". Shi Jie was overjoyed and excited. He thought that it was time to serve the country. He said, "it's a great event to celebrate my duty." he wrote Ode to Qingli Shengde, praising the reformers, demoting the Conservatives, and accusing Xia song, who opposed the reform, of being a traitor. Shi Jie's behavior made Xia song and others deeply resent him, and he became a mortal enemy from then on. As soon as the song was finished, Sun Fu said to Shi Jie, "this is the beginning of Zi's misfortune."

On March 20, the fourth year of Qingli (1044), Shi Jie was recommended by Han Qi as "zhijixian academy". Xia song, in order to solve his hatred for cutting teeth, started with Shi Jie to further attack the reformists. He ordered the female slaves in his family to imitate Shi Jie's handwriting and forge a letter from Shi Jie to Fu Bi. The content is that the reformers planned to abolish Renzong and establish a new king. Fan Zhongyan and others were not clear about their reasons, so they had to ask for foreign policy, and the reform failed. In 1045, Fan Zhongyan and others were falsely accused by the Conservatives of engaging in "friend party" activities, and the reformers dismissed one after another. Shi Jie was also among the "friend party" and became the target of public criticism. He was transferred to Puzhou (now the north of juancheng County, Shandong Province) as a general judge. Before he took office, he died at home in July 1045, and died at the age of 41.

After Shi Jie's death, Xia song and others did not give up and wanted to kill the reformers. At that time, Kong Zhiwen in Xuzhou conspired against him. After he was exposed, he was found out of his house. Shi Jie's correspondence with Kong Zhiwen in the past was also found out. Xia song wrote a great article to tell Renzong that Shi Jie was not dead. He was sent to Qidan by Fu Bi to borrow troops, and Fu Bi was an internal agent. Song Renzong sent officials to deliver coffins for autopsy. In November 1045 and June 1047 of the fifth year of the Qing Li Dynasty, he twice ordered to check the actual situation of survival and death. Du Yan of Yanzhou, Lu Jujian of tidian Jingdong prison and Gong Dingchen, a talented young man who gave up his life for the sake of justice, who had the wind of the elderly, were bailed out and survived the coffin. This is a big event that shocked the whole country. Ouyang Xiu was filled with indignation. In 1046, he wrote a 350 word five character poem "Rereading the collection of Yulai", in which he wrote: "I want to cry for stones, and open the collection at night. Before I could read it, my tears were already flowing. If you don't believe it when it's buried, you don't need to bury it. This matter has never happened in ancient times, and every time I think about it, I sigh. I would like to commit public anger, to record this injustice for my son, to relieve my anger, and to raise my voice to make it clear to heaven. The book is written on the green stone and stands on the top of Cui Wei. " This poem appeals to heaven and earth,

Chinese PinYin : Shi Jie