Bai yinqian

Bai yinqian

This data is missing

Overview chart

, add related content, make data more complete, but also quickly upgrade, come on!

Bai yinqian (1605-1673), Ziyi, Donggu, was born in Yangcheng County, Shanxi Province. He was a minister in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In 1643, the 16th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, he became a Jinshi and a shujishi. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he successively served as a senior official. He became an official in the second year of Kangxi (1663). He died in the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673) at the age of 69.

Life of the characters

In the seventh year of Tianqi (1627), Bai yinqian was elected as a member of the Imperial Academy. In the 16th year of Chongzhen (1643), he was a Jinshi. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he was taught the internal Secretary academy to review and studied as a bachelor. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645) of the Qing Dynasty, he was re examined by the Secretary of the Imperial Academy. In the next year, he served as the Deputy examiner of Shuntian rural examination and the same examiner of the joint examination. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, he served as an official of Hongwen Academy. The next year, he served as a Bachelor of Arts in Hanlin Hongwen college. In the 12th year of Shunzhi, he served as a Bachelor of the Secretary Academy of neihanlin, a Bachelor of the national history Academy of neihanlin, an examiner of the martial arts association, and an examination paper officer of the martial arts hall. In June of the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of officials. In April of the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of punishment. In order to strengthen the imperial power, Emperor Shunzhi promulgated the law of the Qing Dynasty, but he often used heavy punishment instead of law. Bai yinqian thought: "the scale of the founding of the country should be grand, and it is necessary to support the rule of saints with leniency and peace." Therefore, he is cautious in everything, whether in court or in his private house, he never leaves the book of laws and decrees, and deals with large and small cases according to law. Shortly after Bai yinqian was promoted to minister of the Ministry of punishment, the case was committed in the north and South imperial court. Li Zhenye and Zhang Wupu, the same examiners of Shuntian rural examination in Beiwei, accepted Wang Shude and Lu Qingzeng for bribery. They were sentenced to death, their family property was confiscated, and their parents and brothers were exiled to shangyangbao. Although the public opinion of Nanwei Jiangnan Rural examination was very loud, it did not specify the specific name of the briber. Bai yinqian thinks that the case has not been verified, and human life is at stake. I'm afraid that the innocent has been wronged. It needs to be further studied before a decision can be made. At this time, Jiangnan Juzi compiled the drama "the legend of ten thousand gold", exposing the bribery scandal of the chief and Deputy examiners Fang you and Qian Kaizong. Emperor Shunzhi was furious when he was introduced into the Forbidden City. Without going through legal procedures, he ordered to behead Fang and Qian, and his wife became an official. Eighteen other examiners and supervisors, except one who died in prison, were all sentenced to death. Bai yinqian was also demoted to a lower level for failing to close the case in time. In September 1659, Su Song's governor Wang Bingheng was sentenced to death for corruption. Emperor Shunzhi ordered his wife and children to be slaves. Bai yinqian believed that according to the law of the Qing Dynasty, this crime should not involve his wife and children, so he discussed with the officials of the three law departments and exempted his wife and children from the crime. Emperor Shunzhi called Bai yinqian and other officials to the court, and asked them harshly. Bai yinqian all cited laws and regulations to justify himself, but he still insisted on settling the case according to law. At this time, Tianwei was serious, and all the court officials who were interrogated by the emperor were at a loss. Bai yinqian was calm and reasonable, and finally made emperor Shunzhi have to obey the law. But emperor Shunzhi was young and angry, and he was not happy in his heart. He decided to lower Bai yinqian to three levels to make up for Chang Shaoqing. Bai yinqian carefully studied the sacrificial rites and agreed on elegant music, not to advance or retreat. Soon after he was promoted to Tongzheng envoy, he tried to fight against the emperor for the injustice of the people. He did not retreat because of the previous events. After Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne, the country had many major issues to decide. He repeatedly remonstrated, which would benefit the people of the country. In the second year of Kangxi (1663), at the age of 59, he was infected with a slight disease, so he was eager to become an official. In 1673, he died at the age of 69.

Literary achievements

Bai yinqian was also a famous writer and poet. He began to write poems at the age of 14. When he was young, he wrote more than a thousand poems. All his life, he was eager to learn, and wrote books for thousands of years. Bai yinqian advocated that "verve comes first and style comes second". Before the formation of Wang Shizhen's theory of "verve" in the Kangxi period, he emphasized the idea of "verve first", which was the first achievement in the exploration of poetry theory in the early Qing Dynasty. His poetry works include "dandangzhai collection", "snow sail grass" and so on. Later, he selected poems and essays and compiled them into 34 volumes of "Donggu collection"; after he became an official, his rural poems and essays were compiled into four volumes of "guiyongzhai collection" and three volumes of "Sangyu collection". Bai yinqian and Wu Weiye, Wang Duo, Song Wan and others visited each other, inherited and carried forward the realistic writing style of Du Fu and Bai Juyi's poetry, which can deeply reflect the social reality, and is famous for its simplicity. For example, after the war in Hunan, there are many scenes of poverty and desolation everywhere, such as "village houses are destroyed and animals are cultivated in Artemisia", which shows his sympathy for the poor life of the people and his hope for a peaceful and better life. "Service husband ballad" describes the life of the people in the area of Beijing and the capital: "Xiu said that the people are strong, and the people are prepared for hardship. The land is enclosed and the tax is still there. He hoe into the circle Zhuang, languid for the office of the year. Seeing the death of Chonghe dike, he gave up his life to go to Hongjin. " It deeply exposed all kinds of disasters brought by Manchuria aristocratic enclosure to the common people in the early Qing Dynasty. In the early period of Shunzhi, when the Manchurian nobles suppressed the Han nationality crazily and enclosure the land, Bai yinqian, as a Han minister, dared to stand up and write poems for the people. His sense of justice and courage can not but be admired. There are many poems on the spot, such as shuluan, Yuyang tukexing, fengmi Tan, bingche Xing, etc. Although on the whole, his works praise more and expose less in current affairs, but they are of quality and spirit, and do not lose their natural attitude. They are very different from those vulgar articles which only pay attention to the rhetoric and empty. The Qing Confucians commented: "Yin Qian deliberately gave lectures, so he expressed his feelings directly and did not use words for work. (4) Mr. Deng Zhicheng said that although his writing is not elegant, it does not lose elegance. The chaotic calendar of the Ming Dynasty and the anecdotes of the early Qing Dynasty are all discussed, which is enough to spread.

Achievements of Neo Confucianism

Bai yinqian inherited the family school and became a great Confucian in the early Qing Dynasty. In his later years, Du menxie, who was famous as "guiyong", studied Neo Confucianism. The more he studied, the more he became well-educated. He went deep into the mysteries of human nature and continued to study hard. Zhu Zi's "jinsilu" and Xue Zi's "shushulu" were deleted to educate the children and their villagers. When he was critically ill, he called on his descendants and asked them, "which is sincere and respectful After a while, he said, "if you don't care about foreign affairs, you should give priority to sincerity and respect." Then he closed his eyes and passed away. When he was in the capital, Wei Xiangshu, a neo Confucianist, was once a teacher. He was very polite and respectful. Bai yinqian "would encourage him with his learning.". After Bai yinqian became an official, Wei Xiangshu also lived at home, more than two thousand miles away, and still "if you have any, you must teach to learn"; when Wei Xiangshu asked questions, Bai yinqian "answered tirelessly", "the words of benevolent people are kind like", "Yishu instructions are very good". Wei Xiangshu's "Ru Yan Lu" and "Jia Yan Lu" were written by Bai yinqian. Bai yinqian's Neo Confucianism advocates "seeking benevolence and restoring nature" and "being sincere and respecting", and its gist is "Practicing". He once wrote "benevolence, respect and praise", saying: "if you ask for benevolence every day, you always have this heart. If there is little interruption, it is self deception. But I dare not deceive myself, that is, respect, sincerity, and benevolence He also wrote Fu Xing Zan, which said: "benevolence is nature, and sincerity and respect are the reasons for restoring nature." Wei Xiangshu said: "the word" Er Zan "penetrates the bone and marrow. In fact, the first praise includes all. Sincerity is the body, respect is the Kung Fu, and benevolence is one of them. This is especially true of the four words "poor reason and good practice". If you are not strict with reason, you will become heretical; if you are not strict with practice, you will become lustful. This is also a matter of respect and sincerity. (1) he also said, "Mr. Guan's words are not out of the ordinary by examining his life." It can be seen that Bai yinqian's Neo Confucianism is not the same as those pseudo Daoism, but a practitioner. The three volumes of Xueyan, a famous book of Neo Confucianism by Bai yinqian, said: "the self without self is the true self; the knowledge without knowledge is the conscience." Mr. Deng Zhicheng, a modern man, said: "the synopsis of Siku ridicules his" language is related to the level of vagueness ", but he doesn't know that his experience is enough to avoid turbulent times. (2) during the Shunzhi Dynasty, the Manchu nobles came to the Central Plains, and the Manchu and Han Dynasties were deeply involved in the Central Plains. The Han officials who pursued fame and wealth and formed political parties were inevitably punished. Bai yinqian established himself in the dynasty with the realm of "true self" of "self without self". He was famous for his "clear, loyal, bright, peaceful and peaceful" demeanor. He was indifferent to fame and wealth, did not deceive his ambition, could hold his position, and did not involve the Party's misfortune. Although he was not a prominent official, he was not included in the biography of two ministers. Wei Xiangshu called him "a man after Wen Qing Dynasty (Xue Xuan)", and Chen Tingjing also called him "Neo Confucianism alliance", which shows his achievements in Neo Confucianism and his master status in the early Qing Dynasty.

Personal Poems

On disorder

The former Emperor ruled the heaven, but his virtue was not perfect. YingMou was built at the end of his career. When a thief is fierce, he leads his enemies. The imperial chariot couldn't bear to listen, and the country was in a state of decay. He saw the treasure book and spread it against poison. The three lights are darkened, and the five mountains are full of sorrow. Ten thousand come from the East and come from the sky. A drum Ke Guandian, long drive to Yanyou. The electricity sweeps, the thunder collapses, and the group of evils carries Liu. The eight wastelands are filled with happiness and indignation, and the nine temples are filled with shame. Hanging felling, assisting the natural, benevolent and righteous bandits, bowing and spearing. Ho Jin Yue West despicable, real Wei Chong thief throat. He's a pig and a lair, and he's released. Crossing the river and closing it is like touching an ant hill. The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was a martyr of heaven, and his eyes were full of blood and tears.

Hunan travel

We go to dongtingye, and look forward to zhurongxiu. When the heaven and the earth come together again, they will fight with each other. Breaking boat across the Qing Xiang, looking around without farming. the village houses have been destroyed, and Artemisia has been breeding animals. There are no oranges and pomelo in Sanlu temple. The Mountain Ghost protects you and is loyal, as if it is a legacy. At that time, thieves brought disaster to all ages. He was surprised by the boat people in Hunan Province, but his right arm was missing. It's hard to fight a boat with one hand. The long servant of the road is exhausted, and he is forced to ride. Still waiting for seven

Chinese PinYin : Bai Yin Qian