Wang Ding
Wang Ding
Wang Ding (1768-1842) was born in Pucheng, Shaanxi Province. Politicians in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.
In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he became a Jinshi, and successively served as a scholar of Imperial Academy, editor, assistant lecturer, assistant scholar, Minister of rites, household, official, Minister of engineering, Minister of punishment, Minister of household, governor of Henan, governor of Zhili, Minister of military aircraft, and Bachelor of Dongge. He has made great achievements in reforming River affairs, salt administration and rehabilitating unjust imprisonment. In the fifth year of Daoguang reign, he served as a minister of military aircraft.
After the failure of the Opium War, he imitated Shi Yu's advice and hanged himself. As a posthumous gift to Taibao, Wenke was worshipped in Xianliang temple.
Life of the characters
Wang Ding had a poor family when he was young. He is studious and ambitious.
In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he was a Jinshi. He once served as a scholar, editor, lecturer and scholar in the Imperial Academy.
Jiaqing nineteen years (1814), the Ministry of labor, the Ministry of post, transferred to the Ministry of justice, and the Ministry of housing, the Ministry of punishment.
Daoguang two years (1822), the Department of Henan governor. He sent envoys to various provinces several times to rehabilitate unjust imprisonment, which was highly valued by Emperor Daoguang.
In the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), he was granted the title of minister of military aircraft, and the next year he was also granted the title of minister of the Ministry of household.
In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), after many years of returning to Xinjiang (the general name of Tianshan South Road in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty), Zhang Ge Er's rebellion was put down. Wang Ding was granted the title of crown prince and crown prince because of his contribution to the painting and was awarded the special honor of painting in Ziguang Pavilion.
In February of the 17th year of Daoguang (1837), Wang Ding was at the age of 70. Emperor Daoguang wrote "Jinggong Duhu" in person. In the following year, the associate professor of the University was Jin Dongge.
In the summer of the 21th year of Daoguang (1841), the Yellow River burst its dyke in Xiangfu (now Kaifeng) of Henan Province. Wang Ding was temporarily appointed governor of Donghe river course, in charge of supervising the estuary. He "stayed in the dam day and night" with the people, and finally closed the burst dike before the next spring flood, and the river returned to its old way. He was canonized as Prince and teacher.
Wang Dingli advocated banning opium and supported Lin Zexu, the imperial minister, to go to Guangdong to ban opium. In 1840, the Opium War broke out, and Wang Ding fought against peace. Qi Shan was dismissed and locked up in Beijing because he was convicted in the negotiation with Britain. Wang Fengzhi tried him. He said in the recital, "if you don't kill Qishan, you can't do anything to the world." And the party members of Qishan were punished one by one.
At the same time, with the disadvantageous war, Emperor Daoguang began to waver, dismissing Lin Zexu and others and sending them to Yili. When the Yellow River burst in Xiangfu, Henan Province, Wang Ding was in charge of the river mouth. After the completion of river control, he invited Lin Zexu to be the governor of the river. At that time, the British aggressors committed a second offence to the north at sea. For fear of offending the British, Emperor Daoguang insisted on sending Lin Zexu to Xinjiang.
After returning to Beijing, Wang Ding recommended Lin Ze and Xu Zhixian to Emperor Daoguang, and denounced the harm of the peace talks to the country, denouncing mu zhang'a, the chief military aircraft minister, as the contemporary Qin Hui and Yan Song. The next day, the imperial court admonished him again. Daoguang still didn't listen and wanted to leave. Ding took his clothes and remonstrated bitterly: "if the emperor doesn't kill Qishan, he can't do anything to the world; if the old minister knows but doesn't speak, he can't do anything to the former Emperor!" Dao Guang was angry and threw his robe down the hall.
On April 30, the 22nd year of Daoguang (on June 8, 1842, the chronicles of Shaanxi Province is February 8, the 22nd year of Daoguang; the chronology of modern China is April 12, the 24th year of Daoguang; this chronicle studies the materials from WANGDING Memorial Hall in Pucheng), late at night, Wang Ding imitates the story of fish corpse admonishment in the history of Wei state in the spring and Autumn period, and holds that "treaties should not be lightly permitted, evil cases should not be lightly opened, and Mu Mu's life is not easy." At the age of 74, he hanged himself in the private residence of Yuanmingyuan. 81 days after Wang Ding's death, the Treaty of Nanjing was signed. When Lin Zexu heard the news of Wang Ding's body remonstrance, he was very sad. He wrote two poems called "weeping for Wang Wenke Gong", praising Wang Ding's "heartbroken and confidant with thousands of tears, sprinkling on the wind of Pingsha.".
After Wang Ding's death, Chen Fuen, mu zhanga's confidant and military plane Zhang Jing, arrived at Wang's house and cheated Wang Ding into writing a letter. He threatened and lured Wang hang, Wang Ding's son, and "changed the grass and left it on his behalf.". Later, Ding Yuan, the king of Tibet in Chen Xiu, paid tribute to Mu zhang'a. Emperor Daoguang only knew that Wang Ding had "died of a sudden illness", so he issued an imperial edict to show mercy to the emperor and give him a posthumous title of Wenke.
Main impact
Politics
Wang Dinggang is upright and not selfish. He worked in the Ministry of criminal justice, and has gone deep into nine provinces to hear more than 30 major suspicious cases, so that those who embezzled money and wronged the law were punished and the unjust, false and wrong cases were vindicated. Even if the feudal officials directly intervene. In the case of collusion with each other, there is no mistake. The case of Xu Fu's family in Deqing, Zhejiang Province, who committed adultery with her ex son and killed her daughter-in-law Xu Cai's family in order to exterminate her is a typical case. Fu's treacherous, bribed officials at all levels, disobedient as prison officials, causing officials at all levels to cover up each other, although three autopsy. No results. The case can't be closed after three years' delay. Wang Weixun, who was appointed as the censor, knew his feelings well, but he was trapped by layers of networks and forced to hang himself, which shocked the government and the public. Wang Ding reexamined, after arduous investigation, and found out the bribery net, involving one governor, four prefects, two Tongzhi, four county magistrate, and many county officials, Wuzuo, etc. the truth of the case is obvious in the world, "Zhejiang people praise God". He eradicated the current malpractice and adhered to the law like a mountain, showing his iron character. Wang Ding himself has never been a model of self-discipline. Wang Jie, a fellow countryman, was the prime minister at that time. He never let Jiezhu be promoted. He is strict with his children. When his son returned to Shaanxi to take the exam, he was afraid of using his power to do illegal things. He told his son not to "see guests" or "see the officer" before the exam. Follow the family "do not go to the street", force Du suspicion, to correct themselves, to rely on real ability and learning to obtain fame.
During his tenure as Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, Wang rectified the salt administration twice. In 1828, Daoguang went to Changlu salt farm to investigate the malpractice of salt administration, and put forward three measures: delaying the old tax, levying the new tax, suspending the tax for three years, and receiving salt subsidies to make up for the loss; in 1830, he went to Lianghuai salt farm, and with the cooperation of Tao Shu and others, he took measures such as simplifying management, reducing floating income, stabilizing production, and cracking down on smugglers, and put forward 15 new rules and regulations. After the rectification, the tax revenue of the imperial court was increased, salt production and marketing were booming, and the people's living needs of salt were also guaranteed.
Wang Ding is concerned about the national economy and the people's livelihood and has a good financial management. He is known as a financial expert in Jiaqing and Daoguang periods. During the zhangger rebellion in Xinjiang, the Qing government ordered Changling and his soldiers to attack. Wang Ding balanced support, ensured military supplies and made outstanding contributions. After the rebellion, he got the honor of wearing Hualing and painting Ziguang Pavilion.
Wang Ding took a series of effective measures to rectify the salt affairs of Changlu and Huaihe in Tianjin, which promoted the management of salt merchants, reversed the protracted crisis of salt courses, and ensured the national financial revenue.
During the reign of Daoguang, opium flooding had become a national disaster. Wang Dingli advocated banning opium and supported Lin Zexu, the imperial minister, to go to Guangdong to ban opium.
Wang Ding was ordered to visit and handle cases in various provinces several times. He was rehabilitated in many unjust prisons and was known as "Wang Qingtian".
education
Wang Ding was extremely concerned about education and social welfare. All his life, he studied in Jiangxi Province. He took a joint examination in one branch school, two in Zhejiang Province, four in Shuntian county and two in Jiangxi Province. He got many outstanding talents. He was a student of Jiangxi politics, and often went to the grass-roots level to supervise. He engraved "Zhuzi primary school recent thoughts" and "six things proverbs" to enrich the teaching content. As an official abroad, he still cherished his hometown and donated money to Yaoshan Academy in Pucheng. He advocated Yicang and Yitian. Once, the fourth younger brother, who was in charge of the housework, hesitated a little about the local donation. When he knew about it, he wrote a letter to scold him severely: "what I saw is not mature. These deeds I'll do it resolutely... " His attitude is clear and sincere.
water conservancy
In the summer of 1841, the Yellow River burst its banks in Xiangfu (now Kaifeng) of Henan Province, overflowing to guide, Chenzhou, Bo and Ying of Anhui Province. Emperor Daoguang ordered Wang to take charge of the river governor temporarily and go to manage it with Huicheng, a general administration envoy. Wang also recommended Lin Zexu, who was familiar with river works and was ordered to garrison Yili. They "stayed in the dam day and night" with the people, and finally closed the burst dike before the next spring flood, and the river returned to its old way.
Historical evaluation
Lin Zexu: Cai Xiyuan guigao Yugong, Gong guizunzhu yongfeihong. Xiu Xiu doesn't bother to fight for his skills. He is so scared that he loses his bow. When you dismount, there is a grave to mourn Dong Xiang, and a chicken has no way to respect the Duke of the bridge. Sad bosom friend thousand line tears, sprinkle to Pingsha big screen wind. (Wang Wenke, the weeping Prime Minister) < / I >
Wei Yuan, a thinker in the Qing Dynasty, compared Wang Ding to Shi Yu, a direct minister, Qu Fu, and Duke Zhou, who was loyal to protecting the country against being framed.
Anecdotes and allusions
Wang Ding's life is simple, and he has been serving the public and showing mercy to the people. In the Yellow River treatment project, he was 74 years old and suffering from back sores. He came to the site to direct the work. When he was nervous, he did not return to his apartment for eight days. When he was sleepy, he was lying in a sedan chair with his clothes. In order to speed up the construction period and avoid the severe winter, the Spring Festival was also spent at the construction site. When he bought food for civilian workers at dinner, he warned the supervisors that "in the battle of big work, they have to spend all their time in the wind and snow gate" and "the project depends on the generations". He urged everyone to cherish the people's strength, respect the migrant workers, and win the reputation of loving the people like children.
Wang Ding and Lin Zexu know each other. When Lin Zexu heard the news that Wang Ding had hanged himself, he was so sad that he wrote "weeping for Wang Wenke Gong" as a memorial ceremony. In 1845, when Lin Zexu was called back to Beijing, he went to Pucheng to pay a visit to Wang Ding's former residence, and went to Wang's tomb Yingying to pay a memorial to Wang Ding.
Wang Ding had been in office for 40 years, and later became an official. He made great achievements in the Ministry of punishment and the Ministry of household. He was respected and admired by the progressive people at that time. Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan and others all had deep friendship with Wang. Wang also vigorously encouraged the underachievers, but he never formed a clique for personal gain. The history books praised him for his "pure and vulgar conduct, and his life was neither entrusted nor entrusted to others". Before his death, Wang was an official, and he had no money left at home
Main works
His posthumous works include "Rereading Zhu Zi's recent thoughts" and so on.
Index of historical data
History of Qing Dynasty manuscript volume 363 biography 150 biography of Wang Ding
Commemoration of later generations
Chinese PinYin : Wang Ding
Wang Ding
