Mr. Mao Guangsheng
Mr. Mao Guangsheng
Mao Guangsheng (1873-1959), who was born in Rugao, Jiangsu Province, is a famous figure in the modern cultural history of China. His ancestor was Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, and the Maos were of Rugao nationality. They had a scholarly family, and the maobijiang was his ancestor. In 1889 (the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he ranked first in County, prefecture and college examinations. In 1894 (the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), he was admitted as a doctor of the Ministry of punishment and the Ministry of agriculture and industry. In the Republic of China, he successively served as the president of the National Economic Investigation Association of the Ministry of agriculture and Commerce and the customs supervisor of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he served as a professor of Sun Yat sen University and the editor of Nanjing National History Museum. After the founding of new China, Mayor Chen Yi specially appointed him as a senior citizen Special consultant of Haishi Cultural Management Association. His works include Xiao San Wu Ting poetry anthology, Ji Zhai CI Lun, Mao he Ting poetry and song Lun Shu, Si Sheng Gou Shen, Mongolian origin chronology and so on.
brief account of the author's life
As a famous scholar in modern Chinese cultural history, he Guangsheng (1873-1959) was born in Rugao, Jiangsu Province. He was named "Gongche Shangshu".
Born in Guangzhou in 1873, he was educated in classics, history, catalogue and collation from his grandfather Zhou Xingyi. He was a member of the imperial examination in 1894. In Guangxu and Xuantong dynasties, he served as a doctor of the Ministry of punishment and the Ministry of agriculture, industry and commerce, and a supervisor of Dongling engineering department.
During the period of the Republic of China, he successively served as an adviser to the Ministry of finance of Beijing government, a supervisor of the customs of Ouhai (Wenzhou), Zhenjiang and Huai'an in Zhejiang Province, the president of the Economic Investigation Association of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce, a member of the examination institute of the national government, a professor of Liberal Arts in Guangzhou Jiqin University and Shanghai Taiyan College of Arts, and a compiler of the National Museum of history.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Mao Zedong and Chen Yi successively served as the special consultant of the Shanghai Cultural Relics Preservation Commission and the librarian of the Shanghai culture and history museum. They respected him and listened to his opinions modestly, saying that he was "a man on the road".
In the spring of 1957, at the request of Chen Yi, he wrote some opinions on the current rectification movement. In the summer of that year, he went to Beijing, where he was summoned by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and presented Mao Zedong with books such as "Ci Lun of guilt Zhai", "Zhang Ju of Song Dynasty", "Si Sheng Gou Shen" and "Qing Bei Kao"; in 1959, he died of illness in Shanghai and was buried in Wulong cemetery of Lingyan mountain in Suzhou, which was destroyed during the cultural revolution; after the cultural revolution, his descendants were in Beijing The cherry valley in the botanical garden was built with a burial mound.
In 1997, the Beijing Bureau of cultural relics designated its tomb as a cultural relic protection unit in Haidian District; in 1961, all its relics were donated to Shanghai Museum; Youzi maoshuyan.
His academic works include classics, history, poetry and anthology. His two books, the anthology of maoheting's Ci and Qu, and the annotation and supplement of Houshan's poems, have been published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House and Zhonghua Book Company respectively. Mr. Mao Guangsheng is a famous poet, ci writer and sinologist with exquisite attainments in modern times. He has compiled the anthology of Yongjia poets' ancestral hall, the biography of Yongjia eminent monks' steles, and the anthology of Erhuang 》"Rugao Mao's silk book" and other nearly 100 volumes have a profound impact on the development of Wenzhou's cultural undertakings.
Character experience
Family background
Mao Guangsheng (1873-1959) was born in Rugao, Jiangsu Province. When it comes to the Maos in Rugao, people have to think of the famous man Maopi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.
Chairman Mao Zedong once said: "among the four CHILDES in the late Ming Dynasty, the one who really had national integrity was to break through the border. After the Qing soldiers entered the pass, he lived in seclusion in the mountains, not in the Qing Dynasty, but in the whole festival." He lived in seclusion in his hometown and built a garden called water painting garden. The garden is of great ingenuity. It is built near the water without walls. It is still a famous garden in Rugao. Maobijiang wrote a book named "Yiyu of yingmei'an", which is a well-known work of note style (Yiyu style). The love story between Mao Bijiang and his concubine Dong Xiaowan, which involves emperor Shunzhi, is a very sad historical story and is still the object of research among scholars.
The surname of Mao is Rugao's great surname, and his scholarly family has a long history. Mao Guangsheng is the descendant of Mao Bijiang.
Study in early years
Mao Guangsheng was born in Guangzhou on March 15 of the lunar calendar in 1873 (the 12th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty). Mao Guangsheng was very intelligent when he was a child. He is known as a child prodigy. When he was 11 years old, he went with his mother to visit his grandfather Zhou Xingyu. The seventh grandfather was the elder brother of Mao Guangsheng's grandfather Zhou Xingyi. He was the salt envoy of Guangdong and Guangxi at that time and lived in Guangzhou. His seventh grandfather was able to write CI. He wrote a book called Ci of Dongou thatched cottage, which Mao Guangsheng often read. Some of the CI were catchy and impressive. At this time, the Opera Troupe often came to perform at home. The lyrics in the opera had a great influence on him and cultivated his interest in CI and qu. Therefore, he often tries to fill in some lyrics.
In 1890 (the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), when he was 17 years old, he went back to his hometown Rugao to take part in the county examination and got the first place in the examination. Then he took part in the state examination and got the first place again. He was a scholar. The next year, he returned to Guangzhou and formally studied Ci from ye Yanlan, a famous scholar in Panyu, Guangdong Province. Ye Yanlan is the grandfather of Ye gongchuo, a modern scholar. He was a Jinshi in the sixth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1856). He was once a military officer and taught poetry in Guangzhou Yuehua Academy in his later years. In 1893 (the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), on the day of his 20th birthday, Mao Guangsheng wrote a poem to express his feelings, which is called "niannujiao": unless Mingyue asks who can prove it, the present and the past in an instant. After 20 years of relegation in the world of mortals, I feel very sad. Drunk hat looking for flowers, crazy banquet dance Zhe, mind Book empty language. There was a new spring rain last night. Remember the silver candle Xiang curtain, drink Tuoji, water painting pot cup together. It's been a dream for 200 years. Don't ask the leader of Sao altar. The famous men's clothes, the beautiful women's dresses and clogs are not the reason. I don't know where to worry.
There seems to be a sense of melancholy about the failure of the youth, and a sense of sadness about the past and the fact that fame is no longer there. However, there is still a sense of youth and maturity. The next year, he went back to his hometown to take part in the scientific examination. Once again, he won the first place in the examination. He won the whole examination and became famous. At this time, even if his heart is really sad, it will be reduced. In 1896 (the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Mao Guangsheng left Guangzhou and went north to Shanghai to meet Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao first met with Mao Guangsheng, who was valiant and spirited. Like his forefather, he was very appreciative.
Soon after, Mao Guangsheng left Shanghai and came to the picturesque Suzhou, where he lived with his grandfather Zhou Xingyi. This change of residence had a great impact on his lifelong devotion to learning and special attention to Chinese culture. It turns out that Zhou Xingyi, his grandfather, was a famous book collector and bibliographer in the Qing Dynasty. He once served as a magistrate in Jianning, Fujian Province. After his dismissal, he returned to Suzhou. He had many contacts with scholars at that time, such as Tan Xian, Yu Yue, Wang Pengyun, Zheng Wenzhuo, Wen Tingshi, Cao Yuanzhong and Wu Changshuo. When he came to such a literati gathering family atmosphere, he was greatly influenced by culture. My grandfather's study is called ruiguatang. There are tens of thousands of volumes of ancient books and paintings and calligraphy. Mao Guangsheng went to Baoshan. In this unique library, he studied a large number of rare ancient books and learned from my grandfather about collation.
By this time, Mao Guangsheng had learned how to fill in CI, and also integrated a book. Once, Tan Xian, who is the leader of the late Qing Dynasty's poetry circle, borrowed maoguangsheng's Ci anthology from a friend. When he read it, he felt that there was a "voice of deep memory and resentment". He was very fond of it, and planned to evaluate it. Unexpectedly, his friend wrote back and had to return it. He was very sorry. Later, Mao Guangsheng compiled an episode of Xiao San Wu Ting Ci, and Tan Xian still had comments, saying that "the style of he Ting CI is very successful.". In addition, Wang Pengyun, the leader of Lingui school at that time, also had a comment, saying that his Ci was "elegant and graceful, affectionate and profound, and he was supposed to be in the state Dynasty, and he should occupy a seat between Zhulong and Shuiyun." Zhulong is a famous CI poet Zhu YIZUN in the Qing Dynasty. Shuiyun refers to Jiang Chunlin, a famous CI poet in the Qing Dynasty. Wang's comparison of MAOCI with these two people's Ci shows that MAOCI has an over reputation, but it also shows the status of MAOCI in the eyes of the great Ci writers at that time.
In 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao launched the reform movement of 1898, and Mao Guangsheng entered Beijing to participate in the activity of "Gongche Shangshu", whose name was listed in the Baoguo meeting. Mao Guangsheng and Lin Xu, one of the "Six Gentlemen of the 1898 movement", had a deep relationship. On the eve of Lin Xu's arrest, Mao Guangsheng did not avoid his death and stayed with Lin Xu all night to express his comradeship. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, Mao Guangsheng stayed in Beijing. At that time, he was recommended to take the special economic examination. Unexpectedly, he was removed because he mentioned the name of a foreigner, Rousseau, in his examination paper. It was Zhang Zhidong who was the Minister of marking papers. He was very sorry that Mao Guangsheng was so talented that he could not be employed. He said in the examination paper, "how can I quote Rousseau?" In the next two years, Mao Guangsheng came to Suzhou, Yangzhou, Guangzhou and other places, and sometimes helped to read Tong Sheng's papers. Once in Yangzhou marking, he selected the first candidate, Liu Shipei, who later became a famous scholar.
Officialdom career
In 1900 (the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), Mao Guangsheng finally took a small position as a doctor in the Ministry of punishment. It happened that Sai Jinhua, a well-known figure in Kyoto at that time, was imprisoned in the prison of the Ministry of punishment for the death of his maidservant in Beijing. In the Qing Dynasty, the criminal law stipulated that there was no need for the master to resist his life when he abused his maidservant to death. The most serious crime was exile, so Sai Jinhua was sentenced to garrison for 3000 Li. Mao Guangsheng deeply sympathizes with Sai Jinhua. It turns out that he once had a friendship with Sai Jinhua: once, Sai Jinhua asked him to meet him at Taoran Pavilion. He rushed to the pavilion to wait for a long time, but he didn't see Sai Jinhua come. Afterwards, Sai Jinhua called Taoran Pavilion "crane releasing Pavilion" to make fun of him. This time, Sai Jinhua violated the criminal law. In terms of friendship with his old friends, Mao Guangsheng discussed with the same officials that he should move to the northeast or northwest of China, such as Heilongjiang and ILI, to the south of China, where he was originally from
Chinese PinYin : Mao Guang Sheng
Mr. Mao Guangsheng
