Wang Xianzhi

Wang Xianzhi

Wang Xianzhi (344-386), Zijing, Han nationality, was born in Linyi (now Linyi City, Shandong Province). Wang Xizhi's seventh son, son-in-law of Sima Yu and father-in-law of Sima Dezong.

Less fame, more talent. Appreciated by the Prime Minister Xie an, he successively served as the governor of the prefecture, Secretary Lang, situ Zuoshi, and Wu Xing's prefect. He moved to zhongshuling (known as "Daling") and other posts. He married Xi Daomao and simadaofu, the princess of Xin'an, and married his daughter to simadewen, the prince of Jin'an. In 386, he died at the age of 43. Having no son, he adopted his nephew Wang Jingzhi as his heir. Emperor Jin'an succeeded to the throne and became Queen by virtue of his daughter Wang shenai. He was presented to Shizhong, tejin, Guanglu doctor and taizai, with the posthumous title of "Xian".

Wang Xianzhi, who is good at calligraphy, and his father Wang Xizhi are called "two kings" and "little saints". Just as Li Zhimin commented, "Wang Xianzhi and his father Wang Xizhi have achieved great success in calligraphy today, with high rhyme and deep feeling, and have been accepted by hundreds of generations.". Together with Zhang Zhi, Zhong Yao and Wang Xizhi, they are called "four sages in the book". Zhang Huaiyu's Shugu was rated as "the first class". Good at painting, Zhang Yanyuan's "notes of famous paintings of past dynasties" was rated as "inferior to the middle class".

Life of the characters

Wang Xianzhi, Zijing, is the seventh son of Wang Xizhi. He is less famous, superb and uninhibited. Although he lives at home all day, his appearance and behavior are not lazy, and his talent and bearing surpass those of his time.

He once visited xie'an with his elder brothers Wang Huizhi and Wang Jiaozhi. The two elder brothers talked more about secular affairs. Wang Xianzhi only said a few words of greetings to Han Wen. After leaving Xie's house, the guest asked Xie an about the merits of the Wang brothers. Xie an said, "the small one is superior." When the guest asked the reason, Xie an said, "most outstanding people are quiet. Because he doesn't speak much, he knows he is extraordinary." He married Xi Daomao, the daughter of Xi tan.

Wang Xianzhi initially served as governor and Secretary of the prefecture, and later transferred to Taifu Cheng. The son-in-law of Sima Daofu, who was chosen as the princess of Xin'an, could not say goodbye, so he divorced Xi Daomao. Xie an had great respect for Wang Xianzhi and asked him to be his long history.

In the fifth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (380), Xie an became a general of the Imperial Guards for his meritorious service, and Wang Xianzhi still served as his long history. Soon after, he appointed general Jianwei and Taishou Wuxing to serve as Zhongshu order.

In the tenth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (385), after Xie an died of illness, there were different opinions about his gift ceremony among the officials. Only Wang Xianzhi and Xu Miao praised Xie an's loyalty and meritorious service to the imperial court. Wang Xianzhi tried his best to state Xie an's merits in his letter. Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty presented Xie an with a grand ceremony.

In order to avoid marrying Princess Xin'an, Wang Xianzhi had moxibustion on the heart of his feet, which led to the sequelae. In 386, he died at the age of 43.

In the first year of Long'an (397), with her daughter Wang shenai becoming the empress of Jin'an emperor, she was awarded Shizhong, tejin, Guanglu doctor and taizai, with the posthumous title of "Xian".

It is recorded in the book of Jin, Volume 80, biography 50.

Main achievements

Calligraphy

Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy art is not conservative, and different from his father, the body of the character likes to take a long shape. Wang Xianzhi had a good family background and studied hard. His poetry and calligraphy is a rising star in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His cursive writing is skillful, graceful and romantic, no less than his father Wang Xizhi. His father and son are called Er Wang.

Wang Xianzhi had been practicing calligraphy with his father since he was a child. He had great ambition. In his later stage, he took Zhang Zhi as an integral part. He is famous for running script and cursive script, but regular script and official script also have a deep foundation. Because Tang Taizong did not appreciate his works very much, his works did not retain as much as his father's works. The famous work Luo Shen Fu shisan Xing is also known as "jade version shisan Xing". Previous comments on Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy are "phoenix dance in Danxue, dragon dance in Qingquan". It is out of the mind. His use of pen changed from "internal extension" to "external extension".

His cursive script is even more praised. Yu Zhuo once said: "the cursive script came down from Zhang Zhi in the Han Dynasty. It's only one official slave who is a wonderful person and a God." His hand down cursive calligraphy includes "Ya tou Wan tie" and "Zhong Qiu tie", which are all copies of Tang Dynasty. His "Ya tou Wan tie" is composed of 15 characters in cursive script and silk. Wu Qizhen of the Qing Dynasty highly praised this post in the book of calligraphy and painting, believing that: "the calligraphy is elegant and upright, magnificent and amazing, natural and witty, so it is a supreme product." His "mid autumn" cursive, a total of 22 words, look like new, Jiguang Pianyu, rare in the world. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty regarded it as a national treasure.

Like his father, Wang Xianzhi's study of books was not limited to one subject, but was poor in all fields. Therefore, we can create our own unique style on the basis of "combining the advantages of various schools and integrating the beauty of various styles". At last, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xizhi have achieved the same artistic status. The book trace has song Mi Fu Lin's Zhongqiu tie and so on.

Wang Xianzhi is a giant in the group of calligraphers in Wei and Jin Dynasties. His father Wang Xizhi's careful teaching and guidance laid a solid foundation for his brushwork. Because he was one of the late Wei and Jin masters, he objectively provided an opportunity for him to learn from the strengths of various schools and to be good at the beauty of various styles, and won the artistic status and reputation juxtaposed with Wang Xizhi. Xie an once asked him, "how does your calligraphy compare with your father's?" Wang Xianzhi said: "of course, different, each has its own strong points." "It's not like that," Xie said Wang Xianzhi said: "where do others know?"

He also created "a book", changing his father's grass which is not connected up and down into a connected grass, often with a coherent number, which is valued by the world because of his heroic and magnificent calligraphy.

Wang Xianzhi's regular script father and son are famous all over the world. The calligraphers below Tang and Song Dynasties write regular script in a neat, beautiful and charming style. Their father and son's regular script is immortal and has an indelible attraction. Huan Xuan was very fond of their father and son's calligraphy. He made two bags with their father's and son's calligraphy and paintings, which he put on the left and right to enjoy.

From the end of Jin Dynasty to Liang Dynasty, his influence even surpassed that of his father Wang Xizhi. Yuan ang, a calligrapher of the Liang Dynasty, said in the book review of ancient and modern times: "Zhang Zhi is surprised, Zhong Yao is unique, and Yishao Ding is able to offer it to the world." The four sages will be called together. In song and Qi dynasties, Wang Xianzhi was the most important scholar in calligraphy. Xianzhi learned calligraphy from his father with great talent. He was quick to innovate and transferred to Zhang Zhi. She created cursive calligraphy which was connected with the upper and lower levels. Meiyan even surpassed her father and became a sage in poverty. She was also called "two kings" with her father. Liang Tao Hongjing's "on the book with Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty" says: "compared with the world, we all respect the book." it's not only that we don't know that there are Yuanchang at home, but also yuyishao. At that time, it almost became Wang Xianzhi's world. It was not until the Tang Dynasty, when Emperor Taizong tried to praise Wang Xizhi but belittle him, that some calligraphy critics began to think that Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy was inferior to his father Wang Xizhi. However, the calligrapher Mi Fu of the Northern Song Dynasty mainly learned from Wang Xianzhi. Hu Xiaoshi, a famous modern scholar and calligrapher, thinks that the "wild grass" of Zhang Xu and huaisu school was developed from Wang Xianzhi's cursive script.

In Shugu, Zhang Huaiyu rated his calligraphy as the first class, and his genuine calligraphy as the fourth, running calligraphy as the second, Zhangcao as the first, and cursive calligraphy as the third. His feibai calligraphy is both divine, and his Bafen calligraphy is listed as the ability. In Yu Jianwu's Shupin, Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy is regarded as the top grade, while Sheng Ximing's calligraphy is regarded as the top grade.

The number of Wang Xianzhi's remains is far less than that of Wang Xizhi. Because Taizong of Tang Dynasty demoted and offered it but did not buy it, Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy in neifu "only exists.". In the early Song Dynasty, Zhao Guangyi, the Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, paid attention to calligraphy, bought and collected the ink of the ancient emperors and famous officials, and ordered him to write and engrave ten volumes. This is the famous Chunhua Pavilion calligraphy. "Every minister who ascends the second government office will be given a gift." Half of the posts are works of "Er Wang". There are 73 pieces of Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy, more than 20 of which are proved to be fake or written by others by later generations. During the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty refined Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy, and the number of Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy collected in Xuanhe Shupu increased to more than 80. But the vast majority of these ink copies have not been preserved. The only remaining ink copies are not more than seven, and they are all copies. There are still some authentic copies in the past dynasties.

painting

Wang Xianzhi is good at painting. He once changed the ink on the fan to black horse cow at the invitation of Huan Wen. Zhang Yanyuan described his paintings as "middle grade and lower grade" in his notes on famous paintings of all dynasties.

Character evaluation

Xie an: philosophers have few words, so they know it. (< I > < I > < I > Jin Shu < / I > < I >, cited by < / I >)

Wang Xizhi: this son should be famous again. (< I > < I > < I > Jin Shu < / I > < I >, cited by < / I >)

Xiao Yan: there is no one to imitate. Such as Heshuo youth, all know full Yue, hold the body to drag and cannot bear. (< I > comments on the merits and demerits of ancient and modern scholars < / I >)

Yuan ang: ① Zhang Zhi's scriptures are unique, Zhong Yao's are unique, and Yishao's (Wang Xizhi's) ding Neng is the highest in the world. The four sages are of the same kind, and Hong Fang is immortal. (< I > < I > < I > ancient and modern book reviews < / I > < I >) (2) although Prince Jing Shu Ruhe and Luo youth are full of pleasure, they can't bear to hold up their bodies. (< I > ancient and modern book reviews < / I >)

Li Sizhen: the son worships cursive script, but he is more comfortable than the father. Such as Danxue Fengwu, Qingquan Longyue, suddenly change, do not know. Or cuhai moving mountains, or turning waves and bumping mountains. However, the official script and running script, such as the fieldwork scholar, were more and more involved in the imperial court, which was not based on the ancient charter, but was out of style at that time. In the old days, it was called Zhuanyan, but it was not enough. (< I > < I > < I >)

Dou Peng: the young son, Zijing, creates grass and breaks the upright. Yongrong Wenjing, active Wuding. The state is beautiful and various, and the potential is exhausted. Heaven is false, God is false. Although Xiangxian is short of hundreds of talents, he is ashamed of being a saint. Si ERGONG

Chinese PinYin : Wang Xian Zhi