Wang Fuzhi

Wang Fuzhi

Wang Fuzhi (October 7, 1619 to February 18, 1692) was born in Hengyang County, Hunan Province. A thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi and Tang Zhen were called "four great enlightenment thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties" and the son of scholar Wang chaopin.

In the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), the scholar in the examination organized "Xing she" and "Kuang she". In the 15th year of Chongzhen's reign, he passed the provincial examination. In the early years of Shunzhi, he took refuge with Zhu Youlang, Emperor Yongli, and took part in the anti Qing struggle. In March of the 17th year of Kangxi (1678), he refused to write the form of persuading Wu Sangui.

In the 31th year of Kangxi, he died of illness in Xiangxi thatched cottage and was buried in Daluo mountain, gaojieli, Jinlan Township, Hengyang County (now on the tiger shaped mountain of Daluo mountain, Laowu group, Chuanshan village, qulan Town, Hengyang County). His works include Zhouyi waizhuan, Huangshu, Shangshu Yinyi, Yongli Shilu, Chunqiu Shilun, nightmare, dutongjian and songlun.

Life of the characters

Early career

In 1619, Wang Fuzhi was born in Huiyanfeng, south of Hengyang City. His father Wang chaopin is 50 years old and his mother Tan is 47 years old.

In 1622, Wang Fuzhi began to study with his elder brother Wang Jiezhi.

In 1625, Wang Fuzhi followed his elder brother Wang Jiezhi to study the thirteen classics.

In the sixth year of Tianqi (1626), Wang Fuzhi's father graduated from Imperial College. Because he refused to bribe officials, he was dismissed and returned home.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Wang Fuzhi followed his father to study Confucian classics.

In 1631, Wang chaopin, Wang Fuzhi's father, refused to accept bribes from Wen Tiren's party members in the capital. In anger, he tore up the recommendation stickers and swore that he would not "humiliate his ancestors by taking care of the officials".

In the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), Wang Fuzhong was a scholar, and Wang Zhijian, a scholar in Huguang, appreciated Wang Fuzhong's talent and recommended him to Hengyang school.

In 1633, Wang Fuzhi, his elder brother Wang Jiezhi and his elder brother Wang Shenzhi went to Wuchang to take part in the local examination, and they all failed.

In 1634, Wang Fuzhi followed his uncle Wang tingpin to learn how to compose poems. Wang Fuzhi was ranked the first in the year-old examination by Shui Jiayin and Wang Chengchuan, the two former and later scholars of Huguang.

In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), Wang Fuzhi wrote a poem "Mr. Zhang Deng and Mr. Mu Shi in the Mid Autumn Festival", which was in harmony with his uncle Wang tingpin.

In 1636, Wang Fuzhi and his elder brothers Wang Jiezhi and Wang Shenzhi took part in the local examination, and they all failed. On the way home, Wang Fuzhi's novel "the moon of a slut's high building" is full of melancholy.

In 1637, Wang Fuzhi married the richest man in Tongli

Tao Wanwu

His daughter, Tao, was 16 years old.

In 1638, Wang Fuzhi studied in Yuelu Academy of Changsha and formed a "xingshe" with his classmate friend Kuang Pengsheng. (Note: Kuang Pengsheng, Zi Nanxiang)

In 1639, Wang Fuzhi, his elder brother Wang Jiezhi and his elder brother Wang Shenzhi went to the village for an examination. Only the eldest brother, Wang Jiezhong, is the vice leader. In Wuchang, Wang Fuzhi met Xiong Weigong from Huanggang and Li Yuntian from Hanyang. In October, Wang Fuzhi formed a "Kuang she" with his friends Guo Fengxi, Guan Siqiu and Wen Zhiyong.

In the spring of 1640, Wang Fuzhi wrote a poem "send brother Bo to Beiyong".

In 1641, Huguang raised his scholarship to Gao Shitai, who tried Hengzhou at the age of 18, and ranked Wang Fuzhi as the first. (Note: Gao Shitai, zihuizhan, from Wuxi, nanzhili.)

In 1642, Wang Fuzhi and his two elder brothers went to Wuchang for the rural examination. Wang Fuzhi ranked first in the spring and Autumn Annals and fifth in the zhonghuguang rural examination. Wang Fuzhi's elder brother Wang Jiezhi also won the 40th place, while his good friends Xia Rubi, Guo Fengxi, Guan Siqiu, Li Guoxiang and Bao Shimei all won. (Note: Wang Fuzhi met Zhang Kuang, the prefect of Mianyang, and Cai Daoxian, the official of Changsha and Yuye. Wang Fuzhi later took part in Zhang Kuang's anti Qing activities. After his failure, Zhang Kuang committed suicide on hunger strike, and Wang Fuzhi raised his son Zhang Zai.) In autumn, Wang Fuzhi and Wang Yuan once formed an alliance with more than 100 people in the Yellow Crane Tower, known as "Xumeng Daji".

In the spring of 1643, Wang Fuzhi and his elder brother Wang Jiezhi went north from November of the 15th year of Chongzhen to take part in the examination. Because Li Zicheng's army conquered Chengtian and Zhang Xianzhong's army captured Qishui, the road was blocked and Wang Fuzhi's brother returned from Nanchang. In October, Zhang Xianzhong's army conquered Hengzhou. AI nengqi recruited local talents and took Wang Fuzhi's father Dynasty as hostage. Wang Fuzhi stabbed himself in the face and wrist, and rescued his father chaopin.

In the 17th year of Chongzhen (1644), Wang Fuzhi heard that emperor Chongzhen hanged himself and wrote a hundred rhymes of "sad and indignant poems" (lost).

Fighting against the Qing army

In March of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Wang Fuzhi met the general Du Yinxi. In autumn, Wang Fuzhi fled to Leiyang, Xingning and Yongxing with his father and brother to avoid plagiarism.

In August of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Zhu Yujian killed the Qing soldiers in Tingzhou, and Wang Fuzhi continued the 100 rhymes of the poem. Wang Fuzhi went to Tingyin alone to find Zhang Kuang. He asked Zhang Kuang to reconcile the contradiction between he Tengjiao and Du Yinxi, to fight together with the peasant army against the Qing Dynasty, and put forward his own suggestions on military logistics, which were not adopted by Zhang Kuang.

In the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Kong Youde led his army to capture all parts of Huguang, and Wang Fuzhi went to Xiangxiang. In April, Wang Fuzhi and his good friend Xia Rubi went to Emperor Yongli and were trapped in Chejia mountain in the southwest of Xiangxiang to write "elegy to show uncle Zhi". In May, the Qing army captured Hengzhou, and Wang Fuzhi's family fled. His father Wang chaopin, Uncle Wang tingpin, second brother Wang Shenzhi and aunt died in the war. Wang Fuzhi's father asked his children to fight the Qing Dynasty to the end.

In 1648, Wang Fuzhi was interested in Yi. In October, Wang Fuzhi, Xia Rubi, Guan Siqiu and Seng Xinghan held an armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty in Fangguang Temple of Nanyue, and then they were defeated. Wang Fuzhi's poem "night watching in Hetian camp" records the story. In winter, Wang Fuzhi went to Zhaoqing to join Yongli.

In 1649, Wang Fuzhi met Qu Shizhen, Yan Qiheng, Jinbao and Fang Yizhi. In autumn, in Deqing, he wrote ten military ballads.

In the spring of 1650, Wang Fuzhi married Zheng, the daughter of Zheng Yike in Xiangyang. Wang Fuzhi went to Wuzhou to injure Yong. He was a pedestrian Secretary of all dynasties. In April, Wang Fuzhi wrote three times to impeach Wang Huacheng in order to rescue Jinbao who was falsely accused of going to prison. Wang Huacheng wanted to kill Wang Fuzhi, but was rescued by the rebel general Gao Yigong and fled Guilin to vote for Qu Shizhen. In August, when the Qing army arrived in Guilin, Wang Fuzhi and his wife fled to Yongfu, where they were trapped in Shuizhai and had no food for four days.

In the first month of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Wang Fuzhi returned to Hengzhou with his wife, the Zheng family, and his nephew, Wang Zhen, to stay away from Shuangji peak and Xumeng nunnery, vowing not to shave.

In the spring of 1652, Li Dingguo defeated the Qing army and recovered Guangxi. In August, Li Dingguo marched into Hunan to recover Hengyang, and sent for Wang Fuzhi. Wang Fuzhi, in view of the fact that sun is expected to control Yongli's government, hesitated and did not make the trip.

In the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653), Li Dingguo made great achievements in resisting the Qing Dynasty, which was disliked by sun Wangwang. Li Dingguo led his troops to return to Guangxi from Huguang. The Qing army occupied Huguang again, and Wang Fuzhi avoided living in yejiangshan.

In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654), Wang Fuzhi was arrested by the Qing government, and was forced to leave Yejiang mountain. He changed his name to Yao and went into exile in Changning, teaching Zhouyi and Chunqiu for Changning scholars.

In 1655, Wang Fuzhi went into exile to Xingning, where he lived in a monk's temple in a barren mountain and taught the spring and Autumn Annals for scholars. In August, Wang Fuzhi finished Laozi Yan, his first theoretical work.

In March 1656, Wang Fuzhi finished the yellow book. In the winter, Wang Fuzhi returned to Hengyang from Changning, where he wrote a poem "climbing the peak of double bun again".

In 1657, Wang Fuzhi often visited his friend Liu Jinlu, who collected more than 6000 volumes of books and borrowed them for research.

In 1658, Wang Fuzhi finished his family history.

In the 16th year of Shunzhi (1659), the Qing army went down to Yongchang, and Wang Fuzhi was deeply distressed. He changed the name of the mountain and river and wrote the poem "the name of the county in the mixed style".

In 1660, Wang Fuzhi moved from xumeng'an to baiyelu, gaojieli, Jinlan Township, Western Hunan.

In June of 1661, Wang Fuzhi's wife Zheng died of illness. In September, Wang Fuzhi wrote the book "first day of life". Wang Fuzhi combined 69 poems, such as "continued falling flower poems", "wide falling flower poems" and "mending falling flower poems" with "Zheng falling flower poems" into the collection of falling flower poems ".

Lin Quan

In April of the first year of Kangxi (1662), Wang Fuzhi was shocked to hear that emperor Yongli died in Kunming. Li Dingguo and Li laiheng died for the country one after another. They were extremely grieved and indignant. He continued to write a hundred rhymes of the poem of grief and indignation.

In June of the second year of Kangxi (1663), Wang Fuzhi wrote 76 poems of repaying Xing and 58 poems of Guang repaying Xing, which were named Yihu Taoist and completed six volumes of Shangshu Yinyi.

In the new year of the third year of Kangxi (1665), Wang Fuzhi wrote a hundred poems of harmony and plum blossom. In the Mid Autumn Festival, Wang Fuzhi's work Wang Baigu plum blossom quatrains. Wang Fuzhi redefined the theory of reading four books.

In 1666, duanhu of the Tang Dynasty in Hengyang was worshipped by Wang Fu until his death, which lasted for 26 years.

In July of 1668, Wang Fuzhi completed three volumes of Chunqiu Jia Shuo and five volumes of Chunqiu Shi Lun. Since the age of 28, Wang Fuzhi was ordered by his father to compile the spring and autumn family theory, which took 22 years.

In 1669, Wang Fuzhi married Zhang. Wang Fuzhi wrote two volumes of "continuation of Zuo's biography in spring and Autumn", "Dongting autumn poems" and "Yanzi poems". He compiled poems written since he was 30 years old into a volume of fifty self determined manuscripts. In winter, Wang Fuzhi built "guanshengju" at the foot of shichuanshan.

The 11th year of Kangxi (1672)

Chinese PinYin : Wang Fu Zhi