You Mao

You Mao

You Mao (m à o) (April 2, 1127-1194) was born in Wuxi, Changzhou (today's Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province). He was a famous poet, Minister and book collector in the Southern Song Dynasty. Grandfather Youshen, father youshixiang, is good at poetry.

Shaoxing eighteen years (1148), you Mao Deng Jinshi. At first, it was Taixing order. In the Xiaozong Dynasty, he was a great Zong Zhengcheng. He moved to Taichang Shaoqing and became the Minister of rites. He also studied the history of the country. He was also a scholar in the imperial examinations. In the Guangzong Dynasty, the Minister of rites was appointed as the Minister of rites. His posthumous title was "Wen Jian". You Mao, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Lu You are known as the "four poets of the Southern Song Dynasty". The original 50 volumes of Liangxi collection were lost. There are two volumes of Liangxi manuscript compiled by you dong in Qing Dynasty, which was published at that time.

Life of the characters

Young talents

You Mao was born in a scholarly family in Wuxi on February 14, 1127, the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty. Influenced by family education since childhood, he was able to write poems at the age of five. At the age of ten, he was known as a child prodigy. At the age of fifteen, he was famous for his Ci and Fu in piling county (now Changzhou, when Wuxi belonged to piling).

Build the city and protect the people

In the 18th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1148), the Jinshi (originally the number one scholar and, because of offending Qin Hui, it was changed to 37 in the top three). At first, he was the magistrate of Taixing county. At that time, the mountains and rivers of Song Dynasty were broken, and they were located in the south of the Yangtze River. Taixing was located in the border area of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Jin soldiers often invaded, "there was an old outer city in the county, and it was often maimed by the bandits.". After you Mao took office, he asked for the people's orders to get rid of the abusive tax policy and led the army and the people to renovate the city. In October 1161, Shaoxing was invaded by the Jin army. Yangzhou, Zhenzhou (now Yizheng) and other cities were captured. Only Taixing had the whole city. After the Jin soldiers ravaged the Huainan and Huainan areas, the people in Huainan were killed, injured and displaced. In his poem Huai folk songs, you Mao described the miserable situation of the people in Huainan at that time: "exile and exile, suffering from cold and hunger; who is to say that heaven and earth are wide and there is nothing to depend on?". After the chaos in Huainan, it was not long before the nest was set up. The dead were as numb as hemp. How many people could live? If you don't give me the caress, why do you worry about it.

Taizhou

You Mao made great achievements in Taixing. Later, he was transferred to Beijing as secretary Cheng, editor of the Academy of national history and reviewer of the Academy of records. Xun was promoted to the position of writer and Prince. In February 1172, you Mao joined some ministers in opposing Xiaozong's appointment of Zhang Shuo, the Anqing army's festival envoy, to power. In the winter of the next year, you Mao left Beijing and became the prefect of Taizhou (now Zhejiang Linhai). During his stay in Taizhou, you Mao reduced and remitted the taxes of more than 10000 landless poor families, and continued to thicken and heighten the city walls built by the former governor of Taizhou. Later, when the flood occurred in Taizhou, the city was not flooded because of the high and thick city walls.

When you Mao made his achievements in Taizhou, some treacherous people spread rumors and slandered him, which aroused the suspicions of song Xiaozong. The special envoy made a secret investigation on you Mao, but what the visiting envoys heard in Taizhou was the praise of you Mao from the people. The envoys returned to Beijing to make a report truthfully, and copied four poems of East Lake written by you Mao in Taizhou, which were submitted to Xiaozong. Two of them: "three days Yao Lin already misty diffuse, not clear three days and talk dry.". It's always said that it's hard to do in the sky, but it's very difficult to get to Taizhou. All kinds of diseases and scars cost to touch, and the official confession is still clumsy. Self pity martingale palm into what, win frost hair more than double Song Xiaozong admired you Mao for his diligence in politics and his concern for the country and the people. Soon he was promoted to Changping on Huainan East Road (now Huaiyang), and later transferred to Changping on Jiangnan East Road (now Nanjing and Guangde).

Transshipment to Jiangxi

During his tenure in Jiangdong, you Mao encountered a severe drought. He led the people to fight against the disaster and tried to provide relief to the victims. Later, he was promoted to Jiangnan West Road transit envoy and Longxing (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) magistrate. In the ninth year of Chunxi (1182), you Mao was summoned to the court, and he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of officials, Prince Shi Shuo, and later promoted to privy inspector and Zuo Yude. When he was in the court, he spoke out and dared to remonstrate. In the tenth year of Chunxi (1183), when there was a severe drought in the summer, you Mao wrote to the emperor and mercilessly exposed the political darkness at that time. In the book, you Mao said: "the urgency of expediting the imperial examination led to the resentment of the peasants; the severity of Guan Zheng led to the resentment of the business travelers; the delay of the official's work led to the resentment of the scholar officials for dereliction of duty; the lack of the official's duty led to the censure; the long-term imprisonment caused by the failure to report to the emperor; the resentment caused by the lack of justice but the burden; and the violence If a person kills someone, he will have to borrow his life to make the dead resent him; if a person buys someone, he will not be paid immediately, and if he sells someone, he will resent him. " He asked song Xiaozong to get rid of the bad government in order to eliminate the resentment of the people.

In October of the 14th year of Chunxi (1187), you Mao was appointed as Taichang Shaoqing. He put forward a lot of correct opinions on the etiquette system and the use of talents. He was praised by song Xiaozong. He was appointed as a minister in the Ministry of rites and a fellow official. Later, he was appointed as a minister in the Ministry of rites and a scholar's college. You Mao resigned and recommended Lu you to replace him, but song Xiaozong did not agree.

The bitter admonition is fruitless

In February of the 16th year of Chunxi (1189), song Guangzong ascended the throne. After he ascended the throne, you Mao repeatedly admonished him to "guard against the beginning, and assiduously meditate" and warned him that "if everything in the world is lost at the beginning, it can not be saved later". He was also worried about the practice of appointing cronies and abusing nobility rewards after emperor Guangzong ascended the throne. He quoted the story that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty didn't privacy the old people in the palace of King Qin, in order to attract the attention of emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty. However, you Mao's loyal advice not only didn't move emperor Guangzong, but also was slandered by some treacherous officials, saying that he was a member of Zhou Bida who had gone out of office. In the first year of the reign of Shaoxi (1190), you Mao was once again released to the outside world and became the magistrate of Wuzhou (now Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province) and Taiping (now Dangtu, Anhui Province). Later, he was called into the court to give a speech. At this time, he also asked Guangzong to "clarify his spirit and desire" and "empty himself to be virtuous", and repeatedly dissuaded emperor Guangzong of the Song Dynasty from continuing to give excessive rewards. Song Guangzong sometimes adopted you Mao's opinions, such as revoking some decisions to be promoted to a near minister, and so on. But sometimes he was still obstinate, and even lost his temper with you Mao's advice. Once upon a time, song Guangzong entrusted an important task to officials who should not be promoted. When you Mao remonstrated, song Guangzong was furious and immediately tore you Mao's memorial to pieces.

Go home

You Mao was very dissatisfied with song Guangzong's changing and capricious ways. He repeatedly asked for his official return. He named himself as "suichu" in "suichu Fu" written by sun Chuo, a famous scholar of Jin Dynasty who did not want to be an official and lived in seclusion in the mountains. On the one hand, song Guangzong wrote the word "suichu" and gave it to you Mao; on the other hand, he did not agree to his official return, and he was promoted to be the Minister of rites. At the same time, you Mao built a garden on the Bank of Liangxi river beside shudai River in Wuxi, which is named lexi. There are wanjuan tower, Changge, LaiZhu Pavilion, eryouzhai, etc. In 1194, you Mao died of illness at the age of 68.

Main achievements

literature

You Mao's achievement lies in his poetry creation. Fang Hui of the Yuan Dynasty once said that "since the resurgence of the Southern Song Dynasty, the poets must be you, Yang, fan and Lu.". You Mao, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and Lu You are known as the four poets of the Southern Song Dynasty. Unfortunately, a large number of Youmao's poetry manuscripts and other works, as well as more than 30000 volumes of books, were all destroyed in a fire. The 59 poems he saw were collected by you dong, a descendant of Qing Dynasty, from some local chronicles and books. From the ideological content of these remaining poems, you Mao, like Lu, Yang and fan, expressed his dissatisfaction with the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty, which was bent to surrender. He was very worried about the broken mountains and rivers and the oppression of the people by other nationalities. For example, from the poem "falling plum", we can see the poet's worry about the state affairs, and his indignation that the Southern Song Dynasty did not want to recover and was intoxicated with singing, dancing and peace: "on the west side of the Liangxi River, on the east side of the small bridge, there are many fallen leaves. Five night guests worry about flowers in the film, one year in the spring. Where is the person who can sing Yushu? The song Shanxiang is not finished. But I remember the lonely mountain drunk return road, horseshoe fragrant snow lining east wind ".

You Mao's poems are plain and natural, clear and fresh, without gorgeous rhetoric and allusions. "Qingshan Temple" can be regarded as his representative work in his existing poems: "towering pavilions open in the sky, the mountains and lakes outside the gate are green, the waves are misty, and Penglai is recognized by the clouds. The fragrant dragon looks like splendor, and the jade moss is refuted after the rain. In the past 29 years, I have come here, and I know how many times I have come back in my life. ".

library

You Mao is fond of books all his life, which has long been known as you bookcase. For books, he has a "good taste and a good knack." As long as he knows the title of any book he has not read, he should try his best to find a way to read it. After reading, he should not only take notes, but also copy and collect the borrowed books. Yang Wanli once described his willingness to copy books: "every time he retreated, he would close the door and thank Rong. Every day he planned to copy some ancient books by hand, and his children would also copy books Their daughters also copied books. " Yang Wanli also recounts a story that he presented his works xiguiji and chaotianji to you Mao. You Mao happily wrote a poem to thank you: "xiguilei was tired but Chaotian, adding 600 pieces in his bag. It's three times the price of the city, and the moon is very round. "

Because you Mao is very good at collecting and collecting books, and he once served as the editor and Minister of the National History Museum, he had the opportunity to borrow the books of the three secret halls of the imperial court, and he was able to copy more books that ordinary people can't see. Therefore, his collection of books is very rich, including many rare and rare books. His good friend Lu you once described in his poem that his collection of books was "a house full of books with different titles, stooping to be surrounded by posthumous books."

Taking Sun Chuo's Sui Chu Fu as a book collection building, it was named "Sui Chu Tang" at the foot of Jiulong Mountain. The book was inscribed by Emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty. In the collection of everything, reading everything in mind. Yang Wanli, a famous litterateur, wrote: "every time he retreats, he will thank his guests behind closed doors. Every day he plans to copy some ancient books by hand. His children also copy books, and his daughters also copy books.". Over 3000 volumes of books were transcribed in his life. He said: "the volumes I have copied will be collected

Chinese PinYin : You Mao