Chengguan

Master Chengguan

Master Chengguan (738-839), an eminent monk in the Tang Dynasty, was honored as the fourth ancestor of Huayan sect. The common surname is Xiahou, from Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). At the age of 11, he became a monk from Baolin temple in Honshu. Zhide two years (757), from Miaoshan Temple often according to receive a full ring. During the reign of Qianyuan (758-759), Li, a lawyer of Qixia Temple in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province), studied Xiangbu law. Later, Tan Yi, a lawyer of Kaiyuan Temple in Benzhou, received Nanshan law, and went to Jinling to study Guanhe, an elder of Xuanbi.

Life of the characters

In the Tang Dynasty, Zongda received Mahayana Qixin Lun and nirvana Sutra in Waguan temple. From the perspective of Huainan FA Zang, he studied Xinluo Yuanxiao's Mahayana Qixin Lun Shu. Later, I went to Tianzhu temple in Qiantang (today's Hangzhou) to listen to Huayan patriarchal clan preaching Huayan Sutra. In the seventh year of Dali (772), he went to Shanxi and studied "three theories" again from Chengdu Huiliang. In 775, he went to Suzhou to study Tiantai Zhiguan, fahua, Weimo and other classics from Jingxi zhanran, a scholar of Tiantai Sect. He visited Niutou Huizhong, Jingshan Daoqin, and Luoyang nameless under Heze Shenhui, and consulted the southern Zen Buddhism. From Huiyun to explore the theory of northern Zen. He not only widely studied the doctrines of law, Zen, Sanlun, Tiantai and Huayan, but also studied the classics, Zi, Shi, Xiaoxue, Erya, Tianzhu Xitan, various sects, Siwei, Wuming, secret mantra rituals and so on. In the 11th year of Dali (776), after touring Wutai and Emei mountains, he still went back to Wutai and stayed in Xida Huayan Temple, where he specialized in confession. At the same time, at the request of Xianlin, the master of the temple, he talked about Huayan Sutra. In the sermon, I deeply felt that the old Shuwen in Huayan was complicated and difficult to understand, and I was willing to write a new Shuwen. From the first month of the first year of Xingyuan (784) to the December of the third year of Zhenyuan (787), it took four years to write 20 volumes of Huayan Jingshu, which was repeated in our temple and Chongfu temple. He also wrote dozens of volumes of new works for his disciple Seng Rui, which is called Huayan Shuzhu. In the 12th year of Zhenyuan (796), he came to Beijing to assist the chef Sanzang Prajna in translating the Huayan Sutra, which was introduced by the king of niaodai in South India, and then divided it into Sanskrit version. He was responsible for examining and approving it. It took two years to translate the forty volumes of Huayan Sutra, which is commonly known as "forty Huayan sutras". Then the imperial court ordered him to live in Caotang temple in Zhongnanshan, Shaanxi Province, and wrote ten volumes of Zhenyuan's new translation of Huayan scriptures. The following year, on the birthday of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, he was ordered to go to Beijing to preach Huayan Sutra in the palace and was awarded the title of "Qingliang National Teacher". Soon after, he took part in the translation of the Dharma Sutra, the Lord of national boundaries. In March of the third year of Kaicheng (838), he passed away and lived to 102 years old (according to volume 25 "Ben Zhuan" of Longxing Buddhist annals).

Buddhist thought

The characteristic of master Chengguan's Buddhism thought is that the founder said, and Zhongxing's Huayan. In his early years, Cheng Guan extensively studied Zen Buddhism and had a deep understanding of Mahayana Qixin Lun. It is on this basis that he developed the Huayan theory. Therefore, his Buddhist thought is mixed with Zen, Tiantai Sect and qixinlun, which integrates Zen, emphasizes idealism and focuses on the discussion of one mind Dharma. He believed that "all things should be one heart, and the heart should be integrated into all things to form the four Dharma realms.". Therefore, it is necessary to establish the theory of the origin of the legal world in order to carry forward the doctrine of Hua Yan Xing Qi. Before master Chengguan, Huiyuan, a disciple of fazang, compiled the "ten mysteries" of fazang in his Hua Yan Jing Lue Shu Kan Ding Ji, which was the double ten mysteries of virtue and practice. Jingchengguan refuted it in Volume 2 of Dafang Guangfo Huayan Jingshu and Volume 1, 2 and 10 of suishu yanyichao, and gave tit for tat, showing the positive and restraining the negative, thus restoring the ten metaphysics of fazang Huayan tanxuanji and giving full play to it. Huiyuan also thinks that fazang's five religions judgment is influenced by Tiantai four religions (that is, only one Dunjiao is added on the basis of the four religions), so he set up another four religions, which are obsessed with truth and different opinions, true one and a half, true one and full, and true with full. In Hua Yan Jing Shu Chao, Cheng Guan strongly denounces Huiyuan's four religions theory and praises fazang's "five religions" meaning. More specifically, he takes the northern and southern Zen as Dun religion (see volume 8 of Sui Shu Yan Chao). Because master Chengguan lived in the period when the sixth patriarch Huineng went to Nanyue huairang, Qingyuan Xingsi and Heze Shenhui dahongnan Zen. In his early years, he visited Huizhong, Daoqin, and Wuming of Heze in Nanyang, and also invited Huiyun of beizong. He was greatly influenced by Zen. For this reason, he tried his best to integrate Zen teaching, and narrated his experience in Volume 2 of the book of songs, saying: "to create an understanding of the idea is to do what you do, to talk about what you say, to achieve the truth in your heart, and to use the purpose of heart to heart, to open the door to all Buddhas' evidence. They are the Buddhist sect of the southern and Northern sects, and they take pictures of the mysterious interests of the three temples of Tai (Tiantai) and Heng (Nanyue). The purpose of teaching is to forget words, and the heart is the same as that of all Buddhas. " In the first volume of this book, it is written: "if the theory (Yi Zuo Yi) is intersected, it is also said that the holy heart can see the common heart, just as the wave can be seen in the wet. Therefore, the Tathagata is constantly evil, and there are all living beings in the Buddha's heart. This is an example of his adoption of Tiantai Sect's theory of evil nature in explaining Huayan sect's doctrine that the director of Huayan sect is unimpeded and true and false. In addition, in Volume 21 of Huayan Jingshu, it says: "endless is no other phase. According to Ying, "all beings of the heart Buddha are endless in nature." the reason is endless because of the unreal nature. It is because the Tathagata is constantly evil, that is to say, it is by expounding that it is constantly good. ". It can be seen that he integrated all the sects and had the same purport of Zen. Later, it was inherited and developed by his disciple zongmi, who had a wide influence on Chinese Buddhism.

Personal works

Master Chengguan has more than 100 disciples. The famous ones are Guifeng zongmi, Dongdu Seng Rui, Haiyin Fayin and Jiguang. They are called "Chengmen four philosophers". Zongmi inherited his legal system and was honored as the fifth ancestor of Huayan sect, known as "master Guifeng". Cheng Guan is a famous writer. He has written more than 400 volumes of Hua Yan Jing Shu and talked about Hua Yan Jing 50 times in his life. His works include 60 volumes of Dafang Guangfo Huayan Sutra, 90 volumes of Dafang Guangfo Huayan Sutra, 10 volumes of Huayan Sutra xingyuanpinshu, 1 volume of Dahua Yanjing luece, 1 volume of newly translated Huayan Sutra qichujiuhui songshizhang, 1 volume of Huayan Sutra's eighteen questions and answers, 1 volume of Sansheng Yuanrong Guanmen, 2 volumes of Huayan Sutra xuanjing and 1 volume of Wuyun Guan The first volume is Huayan xinyaofamen, and the third volume is Huayan Sutra outline. One volume of the twelve concepts of karma has been lost.

Huayan Sutra notes

Hua Yan Jing Shu Chao (80 volumes) is an important work of Master Cheng Guan. From the first year of Xingyuan to the third year of Zhenyuan (784-787), he wrote 20 volumes of Da Fang Guang fo Hua Yan Jing Shu (DA Jing Shu for short) to explain the translated scriptures of Tang Dynasty. Later, he wrote Yan Yi Chao (Yan Yi Chao for short) for Seng Rui to explain the translated scriptures. In the Song Dynasty, that is, from 1011 to 1088, Jingyuan of Jinshui recorded the sutras and compiled them into 120 volumes, which is called Huayan Jing Shu Zhu. Later generations will be more money into the Shu, known as the Huayan shuchao. Fu 80 volume Huayan was translated by Wu Zetian in the first year of Zhengsheng (695). Fazang wrote a new version of Huayan Sutra, but it passed away when it was written in the 19th volume. Disciple Huiyuan inherited his will and compiled the Journal of xuhuayan Sutra. However, what was said in the journal is different from fazang's original intention. The differences are as follows: 1. Huiyuan established four kinds of teachings according to the theory of the nature of the treasure, and fazang was the judgment of the five religions; 2. Huiyuan established virtue and applied two ten mysteries, while fazang was one ten mysteries. This is controversial. Chengguan's "Da Shu" and "Yan Yi Chao" were written to refute Huiyuan's heresy and restore fazang's righteousness. Da Shu interprets scriptures in ten ways, while Yan Yi Chao interprets them in four paragraphs. The ten aspects of Da Shu are as follows: 1. To teach the cause of Hua Yan Jing, we think that the cause of Hua Yan Jing has ten meanings in the two aspects of cause and cause. 2. According to the Tibetan religion, the Huayan Sutra belongs to the Sutra Sutra Sutra in the three scriptures and the Bodhisattva Sutra in the sound, hearing and Bodhisattva Sutra. In the five religions of Xiao, Shi, Zong, Dun and yuan, they are photographed by Yuan Jiao. 3. According to the unity of justice and reason, the yuanjiao in Huayan is a multiplication of other teachings. It is based on the real things, and the director is free. It contains four ten branches to show the endless. There are ten inclusive gates all over the world: corresponding gate at the same time, wide and narrow free and unimpeded gate, one and many compatible different gates, all Dharma phases are free gate, secret hidden and revealed gate, micro compatible Anli gate, Indra net realm gate, Tuoshi explicit Dharma creation and solution gate, ten generations separated Dharma differentiation gate, master and companion harmonious and all virtue gate. This is in accordance with the "Hua Yan Jiao Zhang" and "Hua Yan Tan Xuan Ji" of the ten Xuanmen. 4. There are five kinds of machine roots in the teaching of Huayan, among which the first one is the round machine, which is exactly the teaching photography of Huayan. 5. The teaching style is profound, with a little sound, words and famous sentences tattooed. There are ten kinds of teaching methods, such as sound, name, sentence and text. After that, the two kinds of teaching methods were studied in Huayan. 6. This paper expounds the reasons, pseudonyms, untruths and untruths of tanyin. 7. There are four categories of the Ministry's product association, namely, zhangben, xianpin, Mingzhi and Bianshi. 8. I have a good understanding of translation. 9. It's always interesting. 10. Don't understand the meaning. There are seven parts and nine meetings in the circulation rules. The four paragraphs of "Yan Yi Chao" are as follows: 1. General Preface, explaining the meaning of Shu preface; 2. GUI Jing asked for leave to interpret the meaning of "Da Shu · GUI Jing Ji"; 3. Opening a chapter to explain the text, saying that "Da Shu" opened ten doors to explain the meaning of Jing; 4. Humbly praising Huixiang, talking about the last Huixiang Ji of "Da Shu". After Song Jingyuan recorded shuzhujing, during the reign of emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566), miaoming Lijing entered Shujing and Lishu entered banknotes. It became the shuchao huiben of Huayan Sutra, which was printed and circulated. The edition was stored in Zhaoqing temple in Hangzhou, known as "Zhaoqing Ben". But it's true

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Guan