sutra which contains the Buddha's teaching

sutra which contains the Buddha's teaching

Master fazang (643-712), a Buddhist monk of Tang Dynasty, was the actual builder of eclosion system. Also known as xianshou national teacher, one of the emergence of five ancestors.

brief introduction

Fazang (643-712), a monk in Tang Dynasty. The actual founder of Huayan sect is called SANZU. This is a native of Kang. His grandfather lived in Chang'an and took Kang as his surname.

At the age of 17, Taibai Mountain is seeking the way. Later, he went to Yunhua temple to teach Zhiyan and listen to Huayan Sutra. In 670, the first year of emperor Xianheng, Emperor Gaozong, the wife of Rong state Yang died. Empress Wu Shi's residence was Taiyuan temple, and the monk took care of the land. So his classmates Daocheng, BofA and other Dade Lianzhuang in the capital recommended him to be a monk, and he received the commandment of Shami. He taught Huayan Sutra in Taiyuan temple and Yunhua Temple successively. Empress Wu ordered the ten virtues in the capital to set up a complete set of precepts, and gave them the name of the virtuous head, known as the "virtuous head National Teacher". In order to make Wu Zetian enter the realm of Hua Yan, FA Zang refers to the golden lion in front of the temple as a metaphor, explaining its profound meaning in simple terms, and its written record is the famous Golden Lion chapter.

Since then, he has been speaking, writing and translating scriptures. In the first year of Zhengsheng (695), he retranslated the Huayan Sutra in dabiankong Temple of Luoyang, and he was ordered to accept it. Although the new version of Huayan Sutra has added the Tathagata appearance, samadhi, Huazang world and shiding to the old one, there are still some omissions. He used the Jin and Tang translations to collate the Sanskrit version, and supplemented the missing text of the Chinese Indian Samadhi Mahala's supplementary translation in Chang'an, which made the current Huayan Sutra perfect. In the first year of the holy calendar (699), the new translation of Huayan sutra was completed. The imperial edict was hidden in the Buddhist temple of Luoyang to preach, which was appreciated by Empress Wu. He also took part in the translation of many classics, such as the Sutra of MI Yan, the Sutra of Jin Guang's supreme victory over Wang, the Sutra of Da Bao Ji, the theory of manifest knowledge, and the theory of no difference in the field of great multiplication.

In Tang Dynasty, monk Xian Shou, the actual founder of Huayan sect, is the third ancestor of Huayan sect. Originally, he was born in Kangju, whose real name was fazang. His father lived in Chang'an, the capital of Tang Dynasty, and took Tang as his surname. When the venerable was 16 years old, he went to the Ayu tower of Siming Mountain to burn a finger to show his piety, and vowed to study Huayan Sutra. At the age of 17, he went to Taibai Mountain to seek Dharma. He taught Huayan Sutra in Taiyuan temple and Yunhua Temple successively, and participated in Xuanzang's translation workshop. Later, he quit because of different opinions. During the reign of Empress Wu Zetian, she went to the palace to explain Huayan Sutra to Empress Wu. When he was the host of the translation field, he translated Huayan Jing with others. Wu Zetian gave him the name of "Xian Shou", so people called him "Xian Shou Guo Shi". The venerable established Huayan Sect on the theoretical basis of Huayan Sutra and was honored as the third ancestor of Huayan sect. Huayan Zong is also known as "the first sage" because of him. The venerable has been the master of the five emperors (Emperor Gaozong, Empress Wu Zetian, Emperor Zhongzong, Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong), and has a great reputation.

Academic works

The theory of fazang inherits the thought of the origin of Zhiyan's legal world and develops. He highly praised Hua Yan, advocated the theory of the origin of the legal world, and explained the content of the origin of the legal world with four legal worlds, ten metaphysics and six phases. In addition, he started his religion and divided all the sects in India and China into ten sects: all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, all the sects have their own laws, and all the sects have their own virtues. The first six belong to Hinayana and the last four belong to Mahayana. He claimed to be virtuous.

His works mainly include 20 volumes of Hua Yan Jing Tan Xuan Ji, 1 volume of Hua Yan Jing Zhi GUI, 1 volume of Hua Yan Jing Wen Yi Gang Mu, 1 volume of Hua Yan CE Lin, 4 volumes of Hua Yan Yi Cheng Jiao Fen Qi Zhang (also known as Hua Yan Wu Jiao Zhang or Hua Yan Jiao Fen Ji), 1 volume of Hua Yan Jin Shi Zhang, 2 volumes of Hua Yan Jing Wen Yi Hai Bai Men, 1 volume of Hua Yan You Xin Fa Jie Ji 》Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 5, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 1, Volume 5, volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5, Volume 5.

Most of the academic works in fazang are difficult to date, and some of them are lost, but the important works have been circulated. Among them, Hua Yan Tan Xuan Ji is a mature work to demonstrate the theoretical construction of FA Zang Hua Yan doctrine. There are also many annotations, which are known as "ten sages", including fan Wang Jing Shu and Xin Jing Lue Shu. Among fazang's works, Huayan Zhigui, xiuhuayan Aozhi Wanjin Huanyuan Guan and Huayan jinshizhang are also called "the three essentials of virtuous leaders".

His life mainly includes: Hua Yan FA Bodhi Xin Zhang, Hua Yan Guan Mai Yi Ji, Hua Yan Jin Shi Zhang, Hua Yan Jing Ming FA pin Nei Li San Bao Zhang, Hua Yan Ao Zhi Wan Jin Hui Yuan Guan FA men, Hua Yan Jing Pu Xian Guan FA men, Hua Yan Jing Wen Yi Gang mu, Hua Yan Jing Yi Hai Bai Men, Hua Yan Jing Zhi GUI (Hua Yan Zhi GUI), Hua Yan samadhi Zhang, Hua Yan Xuan Yi Zhang 》Biography of Huayan Sutra, qiqizhang of Huayan Yicheng doctrine, Zhiyi Ji of twelve schools of thought, Zhiyi Ji of Mahayana Qixin, no difference in Dharma Realm, Xuanyi of entering lenga heart, Shuben of Bodhisattva of fanwangjing, shulue Shuo of Xinhua Yanjing, three treasures of Huayan, praise ceremony of Huayan, Fanyu of Huayan, Sanskrit of Huayan and its phonetic meaning, etc.

Common vocabulary of Buddhism

[Dharma collection] 1. It is also called Dharma collection, or Tathagata collection, which is the truth of Dharma nature. Because Dharma nature contains unlimited virtue of nature, it is called Dharma collection. 2. His name is the third ancestor of Huayan sect.

Life experience

Cui Zhuan recorded two things about fazang's political activities in Luoyang. First, in the first year of Shengong (697), Khitan plundered the mainland on a large scale. On the one hand, Wu Zetian sent troops to fight, and on the other hand, she ordered fazang to "stop the aggressors according to the Scriptures and teachings.". FA Zang said: "if you want to destroy the enemy, please make an appointment with Zuo Dao." The so-called "Zuo Dao" refers to superstitious heresies such as witchcraft, alchemy, cursing and praying for ghosts and gods. It has been strictly prohibited because it harms politics, but this time Wu Zetian allowed it to be carried out. Fazang bathed and changed clothes, set up a Taoist temple, set up a statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva, held shadow stone beads, and practiced Taoism. A few days later, the army of Wuzhou that Khitan army saw became "numerous gods and kings" and "the statue of Guanyin floating in the air", so the army was in great confusion and was defeated by Wuzhou. Wu Zetian issued a royal edict to commend fazang, saying: "Li Jiuliu is willing to fight in front of the army. It's the sweep of this magic weapon, and it's the addition of gaicili. " Second, at the beginning of the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill. Prime Minister Zhang Cambodian took the opportunity to launch a coup to kill her cronies Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong, and support Tang Zhongzong. Fazang took an active part in the coup and said, "we should promote our magic power internally and praise Huangyou externally." After the situation became stable, Zhongzong rewarded him and promoted him to three grades in a row. For a monk who didn't intend to return to the secular life, it didn't have any practical significance. As a result, fazang refused again and again, so Zhongzong gave his younger brother Kang treasure. Zhongzong also issued an imperial edict to praise fazang, saying: "pass on the endless lamp, light the dark world; wave the sword of wisdom, subdue evil resentment. The murderer is rebellious, anticipates the omen, and is sincere. Every time there is a report, he will return to his former home, and the effect is mostly good. "

The religious activities of fazang in Luoyang are mainly manifested in the translation and research of Buddhist scriptures, as well as the publicity and education of Buddhism.

It is said that there are 100000 verses in Sanskrit in Huayan Sutra. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Buddhist monk fotuobatura was translated into Chinese for the first time, with 60 volumes, which are called "sixty Huayan" or "old Huayan" and "Jin Jing". The translation is not a complete version, only 26 thousand Ganji. Wu Zetian heard that Khotan (today's Hotan, Xinjiang) has Sanskrit script, and she wanted to get it. After hearing the news, he came to Luoyang with Sanskrit. In 695 of Zhengsheng's first year, he was granted the imperial edict to translate in dabiankong temple. Before he was finished, he died of illness. Chinese and foreign monks who participated in the translation continued to translate, and fazang participated in it. Cui said that he was "originally from Xiyin, elegant and good at writing, born in Donghua, and proficient in Chinese characters", so he played an important role in writing. Four years later, the new translation was completed in the Buddhist temple. It is divided into 80 volumes, which is called "Eighty Huayan" or "Xinhua Yan". But it is still not a full version. Fazang supplements some of the contents translated in Chang'an by the former and devakhola, a Chinese monk, and sorts out a more perfect new version. On October 8, the second year of the holy calendar (699), the new translation of Huayan sutra was completed. The monks of the Buddhist temple asked fazang to give lectures. Wu Zetian ordered that the lecture should begin on the 15th of that month. On the evening of December 12, when fazang talked about the "sea shaking" in Huazang world products, a strong earthquake suddenly occurred, and the lecture halls and temples roared. Thousands of listeners had never seen such a situation. The monks of the temple reported to Wu Zetian Shangshu as good news. According to the ancient theory of heaven man interaction, heaven often gave birth to all kinds of abnormal natural phenomena to warn the emperor because of the mistakes of the imperial government. At this time, the officials could criticize the emperor and criticize the current malpractice. The emperor would also issue an imperial edict to admit his mistakes to the people, and at the same time, reduce meals, prisoners, reduce taxes and implement benevolent government. This is no doubt thanks to the authority of the Lord. To some extent, the restriction of the imperial power made the emperor to be restrained, which became an opportunity to change the course of current affairs. Volume 203 of Tongjian records that in the second year of chuigong (686), Empress Dowager Wu Zetian had been in Luoyang for more than two years. Yongzhou reported to the southeast of Xinfeng County (now Lintong, Shaanxi Province) that a mountain gushed out, and Wu Zetian ordered to change the name of the county to Qingshan. It is said in Shangshu: "today your majesty is in the position of Yang with a female leader, but it is easy to be tough and soft. Therefore, the place is blocked by Qi, and the mountain becomes a disaster." It is advisable to cultivate morality on one's side in order to answer the curse of heaven. Otherwise, it will bring disaster. " The earthquake was another opportunity to criticize Wu Zetian, but it was regarded as a auspicious omen because of the Dharma Sutra. Legend of Cui: Wu Zetian's reply to the monk's Shangshu imperial pen Criticism:

Chinese PinYin : Fa Cang