Fu Xuan

Fu Xuan

Fu Xuan (217-278) was named Xiuyi. Niyang County, Beidi county (now Southeast of Yaozhou District, Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province) is a native. He was a famous official, writer and thinker in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The grandson of Fu Xie and the son of Fu Gan.

Fu Xuan fled Hanoi with his father, concentrated on Confucian classics, and began to write Fu Zi and other books. At the beginning of the campaign, filial piety and honesty were promoted, but Taiwei was appointed. In the state, he was regarded as a scholar except a doctor. Later, he joined the army of Anton and Wei generals, transferred to Wen county magistrate, and moved to Hongnong prefect to lead Diannong Xiaowei. During his term of office, he was quite competent and wrote several times about the strategy of governing the country. After the establishment of the fifth class system, Fu Xuan was granted the title of quail Gu man. Sima Yan was the king of Jin Dynasty, and Fu Xuan was a regular official.

After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, he entered the Imperial Palace and joined the Ma Duwei, and took charge of the "admonishment duty" together with Huangfu Tao. He was removed from his post for some reason. He also served as the censor Zhongcheng and put forward the famous "five political opinions". In 269, he was promoted to the position of imperial servant and transferred to the position of Sili Xiaowei. He was impeached because he scolded the audience and the minister in public.

In the fourth year of Xianning (278), Fu Xuan died, 62 years old, posthumous title "Gang". After the Qing Quan Hou.

Life of the characters

Strong and straight

Fu Xie, the grandfather of Fu Xuan, was the governor of Hanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Fu Gan, his father, was the prefect of Fufeng in the Wei Dynasty. Fu Xuan was lonely and poor when he was young, but he was erudite and knowledgeable. He has a strong and upright character and can't tolerate other people's shortcomings.

Fu Xuan was first appointed as an official in the county. He was twice elected as a conscription officer of Xiaolian and Taiwei's house, but he did not take office. Later, he was promoted as a scholar by Zhou Li, as a doctor, and Miao Shi, a native of Donghai, was selected as a writer because of his reputation at that time, and was ordered to write a collection of Wei Shu.

Sealed quail Gu

Fu Xuan later joined the army of general Anton and Wei. He was transferred to Wen county magistrate, and then promoted to Hongnong prefect, and led Diannong Xiaowei. During his term of office, he was quite competent. He wrote many times about the policy of governing the country, and he made many corrections in current affairs.

In the first year of Xianxi (264), after the establishment of the fifth class system, Fu Xuan was granted the title of quail Gu man. In the same year, Sima Yan succeeded to the throne of King Jin, and took him as a regular official.

In December of the second year of Xianxi reign (February 8, 266), Sima Yan received Zen and established the Western Jin Dynasty. Fu Xuan was granted the title of quail GuZi and the title of emperor's son-in-law Duwei.

In charge of remonstrance

When Sima Yan ascended the throne, Fu Xuan and Huang Fu Tao were in charge of the admonishment. Fu Xuan asked Shangshu to recommend talents. Sima Yan agreed and asked Fu Xuan to draft an imperial edict. Fu xuanshangshu thought that the idle and useless posts should be removed, and he suggested that a unified plan should be made for a number of people in the world, including scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen. He respected Confucianism and Taoism, advocated scholarship, valued agriculture and valued commerce. He also mentioned that huangfutao suggested that the appointment of scattered officials should be subject to the examination. He thought that the corresponding system should be formulated to assess the officials in the world and shorten the time of residence, so as to encourage them to establish good education and strive to make some achievements. It also thinks that the restoration of Confucianism should be regarded as a top priority. After the book was played, Emperor Wu issued an imperial edict to praise it. Before long, Fu Xuansheng served as a servant.

At first, it was Fu Xuan who recommended Huangfu Tao, but when they entered the court, they conflicted with each other. Fu Xuan was impeached by the relevant departments because of his dispute with Huangfu Tao in political affairs, and both of them were exempted from official duties.

Five things

In 268, Fu Xuan was appointed Zhongcheng. At that time, there were many floods and droughts in prefectures and counties. Fu Xuan also stated five things that should be done: < ol > < li > on the issue of using cattle, soldiers should be employed, four tenths of the profits should be paid by the government's cattle, and private cattle should be shared equally with the government. < li > < li > it should be reiterated that the Han Dynasty was not pragmatic in reclaiming farmland. After verification, the old code of killing two thousand Shi Fenglu officials was used to warn the counties and counties all over the world and urge them with death penalty. < / Li > < li > river dike visitors should be re selected and divided into five parts so that they can master their respective duties. < / Li > < li > we should ask Shi Hui, a riverbank visitor, about the gains and losses of water conservancy and farmland, which will benefit the current land tax system. < / Li > < li > another county should be set up in gaopingchuan to allow the Duwei of andingxi prefecture to recruit the people who are willing to migrate and supplement them with a large number of people who are free from corvee, so as to open up the northbound road and gradually enrich the border, so as to prevent the repeated rebellion of the Qiang and Hu. It is also suggested that the two counties of Anding and Wuwei should be controlled by Hu lie, the governor of Qinzhou. < / Li > < / OL > Emperor Wu issued an imperial edict in return, saying: "to get the things you should do, to talk about the gains and losses of farming and the rise and fall of water conservancy officials, and to stabilize the border and resist the strictness of Hu Yi's political affairs, your statement is comprehensive and complete. This is indeed the fundamental event of governing the country and the urgent task today. Your arguments are very correct. I know that you are loyal to the royal family. You should think more widely about what you should do and tell me the situation. "

Removal on business

In 269, Fu Xuan was a servant. At that time, the Western Qiang people harassed the border, and Emperor Wu ordered the Gongqing to discuss these matters. Fu Xuan answered Emperor Wu's questions and stated his reasons sincerely. Although his suggestions were not fully implemented, they were often tolerated. Later, he was transferred to be the captain of Sili school.

In the fourth year of Xianning (278), Yang Huiyu, the queen of Jingxian, died and set up a memorial service in Hongxun palace. According to the old system, the captain of Sili school should sit alone outside Duanmen. When he entered the palace, he sat down under the officials according to the rank of the commander of the Imperial College, and sat down with others at the same table. The audience thought that Hongxun palace was in the palace, so Fu Xuan was placed under the position of Qing. Fu Xuan was furious and yelled at the audience. The audience pretended that it was arranged by the minister, and Fu Xuan scolded the minister and left the banquet. In the imperial history, Cheng Yu Chun impeached Fu Xuan, who was disrespectful. Fu Xuan's statement was untrue, so he was dismissed from office.

Fu Xuantian was severe and impatient, so he could not tolerate things. Every time there was a memorial report, sometimes it was very late, he would hold the memorial in his hand, straighten his crown belt, and sit restlessly waiting for the dawn. So those princes and nobles were afraid of him and gave in, which made the atmosphere between Taiwan and the cabinet clean. Soon after, Fu Xuan died at home at the age of 62. The imperial court granted him the posthumous title of Weigang.

Later, he was granted the title of Marquis of Qingquan, and his son, Fu Xian, was given a hereditary title.

Main achievements

thought

Philosophy

Fu Xuan's ideological achievements mainly include materialistic philosophy and simple materialism in epistemology. In the view of natural cosmology, "Yuanqi" is considered to be the basic element of things in nature, and the formation of nature does not depend on mysterious forces such as "creator", "God" and "heaven". It enriches and develops the ancient monistic view of nature, fully affirms human's subjective initiative, and points out the plasticity of human nature.

As for Fu Xuan's unique contribution to philosophy, in his book the history of Chinese philosophy, Mr. Zhong Tai thinks that Fu Xuan can learn from what his predecessors have not learned, and can realize the influence of Taoism on legalism, as well as the relationship between them. Mr. Zhong commented on Fu Xuanyun: "the use of Laozhuang lies in ShenHan. In Jin Dynasty, there were many people who spoke of Laozhuang, but few people who knew how to apply to Korea. Therefore, I try to say that the people of Jin Dynasty did not get the complete knowledge of Lao and Zhuang, so they were victimized but not used. After reading Fu Zi, I feel that it is a legalist school that upholds justice and attaches great importance to nobility and salary. "

Politics

Fu Xuan's political and ideological achievements are mainly people-oriented. The author thinks that "the country is based on the people", the people's safety means the country's safety, and the people's danger means the country's danger. Fu Xuan summed up the lessons of Qin's death, and pointed out that in order to achieve long-term stability, the rulers must rest and enrich the people. "When the people are rich, they will settle down in their hometown, attach importance to their families, respect their superiors and follow their teachings; when they are poor, they will endanger their hometown and despise their families. When they get together, they will commit crimes. When they are hungry and cold, they will not be able to do so." Specifically, it puts forward the ideas of dividing people's business, building water conservancy, fair service and tax, "officials and people work together", and eliminating redundant personnel; it opposes corruption, introduces simple, serious official administration, and pays attention to moral administration, which fully embodies the people-oriented thought.

literature

Fu Xuan is good at poetry, prose, historical biography and political commentary. Fu Xuan's outstanding achievements in literature are more than 100 poems, most of which are Yuefu Poems.

The beauty of Fu Xuan's words is highly praised by the world, which can be as famous as Yangzi, Mozi, Sunzi and Mencius.

On the issue of taxes and servitudes, it is advocated that the priority should be determined according to the objective needs, so as to arouse the enthusiasm of producers and increase the national financial revenue. In literature, Fu Xuan is good at Yuefu Poetry Style. He has more than 60 poems today, among which the works reflecting women's problems are the most prominent.

Fu Xuan was erudite and capable of writing. Although he was distinguished, his works were not abandoned. He once participated in the writing of Wei Shu, and wrote hundreds of thousands of words of Fu Zi, commenting on various theories and historical stories. Fu Xuan is good at Yuefu style in his poems. Today, there are more than 60 poems, most of which are Yuefu Poems. Although there are some temple movements and imitations, many of them inherit the tradition of Yuefu folk songs of Han Dynasty and reflect social problems. Among them, the works reflecting women's problems are the most prominent. For example, the chapter of Yu Zhang Xing · kuxiang profoundly reveals the phenomenon of son preference and women's suffering in feudal society. "Qin Nu Xiu Xing" describes Pang lie Fu's just revenge, and "Qiu Hu Xing" shows Qiu Hu's wife's chastity and chastity, and castigates Qiu Hu's frivolous behavior, all of which praise the noble quality of women from the positive side. He also wrote a song "it's difficult to make a trend on the wall", which compares the noble and the poor, and has the significance of criticizing the society. Fu Xuan's poems are not gorgeous, but vigorous in style. For example, "qinnu Xiuxing" is praised by later generations as "the syllables are exciting, the ancient quality is vigorous" (Selected Ancient Poems of caishutang). It has the charm of Han and Wei dynasties, but the language is sometimes difficult. Fu Xuan also wrote some poems about love, such as Xi Chang'an Xing, Che Yao Yao, Yun Ge, etc. The form of long and short sentences such as Yunge has a certain influence on Bao Zhao's poetry creation.

Fu xuannian took refuge in Hanoi when he was young

Chinese PinYin : Fu Xuan