He Chengtian

He Chengtian

He Chengtian (370-447) was a famous thinker, astronomer and musician in the Southern Song Dynasty. He Lun, nephew and grandson of the right guard general in the Western Jin Dynasty.

He Chengtian lost his father when he was five years old. He was raised by his mother and studied with his Uncle Xu Guang. In the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, he successively served as a military officer in the Fuguo government and a prefect of Xunyang. In the Southern Dynasty, he was appointed as a minister. Later, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty gave a secret order to Li Bulang, and he Chengtian was dismissed because of the secret order. He died at home at the age of 78.

He Chengtian changed the Yuanjia calendar to revise the winter solstice time and the location of the winter solstice time in the old calendar, which has been popular in song, Qi and the middle period of Liang Tianjian, and occupies an important position in the history of astronomical law in China. The approximate value of PI is about 3.1429, which has a great influence on later calendars. He invented a new temperament which is close to twelve average rhythms. He can play Zheng and play chess again. His works include Da Xing Lun, Yu Zong Ju Shi Shu, Da Yan Guang Lu, retribution question, etc. He was ordered to write and revise the book of song, but died before it was finished.

Life of the characters

He Chengtian was born in Tancheng County, Donghai County (now Tancheng County, Shandong Province). His uncle and grandfather, he Lun, was a right-wing general in the Western Jin Dynasty. He Chengtian's father died when he was five years old. His mother, Xu's family, was Xu Guang's elder sister. He was intelligent and knowledgeable, so he began to accept doctrines when he was a child. His uncle he Yuexi is the magistrate of Yiyang County. He followed he Yuexi to the post.

In the fourth year of Long'an (400) of Jin Dynasty, Huan Wei, a Nanman captain, appointed he Chengtian to join the army. At that time, Yin Zhongkan, Huan Xuan and others successively raised troops against the imperial court. He Chengtian was afraid of disaster and chaos, so he abandoned his post and returned to Yiyang. At the beginning of the uprising, Duke Tao Yanshou of Changsha appointed he Chengtian as his auxiliary government to join the army. He sent people to report that he would honor song Gaozu, so he appointed he Chengtian as the magistrate of Liuyang County. Soon he left his post and returned to Kyoto. Liu Yi, the general of the Fujun army, was in charge of gushucheng, and he Chengtian was appointed to join the army on his behalf. Liu Yi once went out for a walk. Chen man, a new historian of Yanling, shot a bird with a bow and arrow. The arrow mistakenly hit the general on duty. Although he didn't shoot the dead, he was sentenced to abandoning the city. He Chengtian proposed a slight punishment. He Chengtian was appointed magistrate of Wanling County, and Zhao Zhen was commander of ningman and governor of Xunyang. He Chengtian was called Sima. Soon he Chengtian left.

Liu Yu, Emperor Gaozu of the Song Dynasty, joined the army with he Chengtian. Gaozu crusaded against Liu Yi and left Zhuge Changmin as the supervisor of the army. Later, he Chengtian was appointed doctor of Taixue,

In the 11th year of Yixi (415), he Chengtian enlisted in the army for Shizi, and then moved to xizhonglang, the commander of Qiantang county. Liu Yu, Emperor Gaozu of the Song Dynasty, was founded in Shouyang and Songtai. He Chengtian was called to be the Minister of Shangshu ancestral temple and worked with Fu Liang to write and repair the imperial ceremony. At the end of the Yongchu period, he appointed any Chengtian to serve as the governor of Nantai.

Xie Hui guarded Jiangling and asked he Chengtian to be Nanman's chief historian. At that time, there was a poor family named Yin Jia, whose mother Xiong took himself as a pledge to repay Yin Jia's debts. Yin Jia was sentenced to death for his unfilial behavior. He Chengtian proposed that Yin Jia's death penalty should be exempted. Yin Jia's case was not sentenced, which coincided with an amnesty and was released.

Xie Hui recommended he Chengtian as the general of Wei. Later, he moved to the post of counsellor to join the army and served as a recording room. In the third year of Yuanjia of Song Dynasty (426), Xie Hui was about to be attacked. His younger brother, Huang men Lang Xie chew, informed him in a secret letter and ordered he Chengtian to make a protest. Xie Hui thought that Zhang Shao, the governor of Xiangzhou, was not his fellow, and he was going to send a thousand men and horses to attack him. He Chengtian thought that he didn't know Zhang Shao's intention, so he shouldn't ask for it casually. At that time, Zhang Maodu, Zhang Shao's brother, was the magistrate of Yizhou county. He was always friendly with Xie Hui, so Xie Hui was dissuaded by he Chengtian and stopped sending troops. When Xiao Mozhi, the former governor of Yizhou, and Liu daochan, the former governor of Brazil, returned to Jiangling, Xie Hui wanted to kill them. He Chengtian tried his best to rescue them, and all of them survived. When Xie Hui was conquered, he Chengtian stayed in the city hall and did not go with him. When he arrived at Matou, he Chengtian came to see him. Because of his sincerity, he forgave him and ordered him to work in Nanman hall.

In 430, the seventh year of Yuanjia period, when he went out of the northern expedition, he invited he Chengtian to record for the right army. When he was defeated and retreated, he was exempted from punishment because he was unfit for military service, so he was appointed Zhonglang of Shangshu hall and concurrently Zuo Cheng. According to the law, Bo Daigong and Bo Daosheng, the cousins of Bo daoju, are all great meritorious relatives. They should not be included in the supplementary regulations. According to the law, Bo Daigong's mother lives for a period of time, so his son should follow his mother to supplement the army . He Chengtian proposed to forgive Bo Dai's father, mother and son together. The late situ kongmiao said that he had not been used, and sun Miao had been buried. He Chengtian also suggested that Sheng Ming's way of life should be simple.

He Chengtian is upright in nature and can't flatter his superiors. He often despises his colleagues with his strong points and is dissatisfied with his servant Yin Jingren. He was appointed as the internal history of Hengyang. In the past, he didn't get along well with the officials in the west, and was not fair and honest in the county. He was cited by the State Secretary and was detained in prison. He was granted amnesty.

In the 16th year of Yuanjia (439), he Chengtian was appointed to write the history of the country. He Chengtian was very old, while other Zuo Lang were all from famous families and were young and promising. Xunzi of Yingchuan sneered at he Chengtian and often called him the lactating mother. He Chengtian said, "you should say that Fenghuang has nine sons. What can a lactating mother say?" Soon after he moved to his post, he became the crown prince and his works remained unchanged.

At that time, Ding Kuang and others in Danyang had died for a long time, but they had not been buried. He Chengtian suggested that Ding Kuang and the other three families should not be involved for the time being.

In the 19th year of Yuanjia (442), the Guozi school was established. He Chengtian was a doctor of Guozi, and the crown prince taught the book of filial piety. He Chengtian and Yan Yanzhi, the common son of Zhongshu, held the book for him and taught him. Soon, he moved to Zhongcheng, the imperial censor. At that time, the Northern Wei Dynasty invaded the border. Song Taizu asked the officials for strategies to deter the army and resist the invasion. He Chengtian wrote his own opinions.

He Chengtian always likes to play chess, which is often harmful to business. Song Taizu rewarded him with chess tools. He Chengtian expressed his gratitude and said, "it's very good to reward chess tools. Why do you have to reward them like Zhang Wu?" He Chengtian is also good at playing zither, and the emperor rewarded him with a silver decorated zither. He Chengtian has always had a bad relationship with Zuo Cheng Xie Yuan, the Secretary of the state. They peered at each other's mistakes in Governing Taiwan, and wrote to each other several times to impeach each other. In one year, Wang Yigong gave he Chengtian 30 million coins, 50000 pieces of cloth and 50000 pieces of rice. Yigong has always been extravagant, but often not enough.

In the 21th year of Yuanjia (444), he turned to the minister and asked for the second year's fees. According to the old system, the expenditure of 200000 coins and more than 500 pieces of cloth should be presented to the imperial court. Xie Yuan offered to give two million coins to Taiwei. When the matter came to light, xie Yuan ordered to kill Meng Qing. Later, xie Yuan's new Taiwei advised him to join the army, but he Chengtian exposed him before he officially gave orders. The emperor was furious and relegated Xie Yuan to his hometown, and he was imprisoned for life. At this time, xie Yuan exposed he Chengtian's selling 470 bundles of Ling Jiao to his family, asking for a high price. He Chengtian was demoted to cloth clothes. Xie Yuan, whose name is youzong, was born in Yangxia, Chenjun county. He was the younger brother of Xie Lingyun, the ancestor of Linchuan NEISHI. He was famous for his knowledge and intelligence and died in captivity.

In 447 of Yuanjia, he Chengtian moved to the post of Tingwei. Before he was appointed, the emperor was ready to appoint him as the official department. He had already issued a secret order. He Chengtian leaked the secret, so he was removed from office and died at home at the age of 78.

Main achievements

He Chengtian once pointed out in the above table that the Jingchu Qianxiang calendar was improper. It has been used in song, Qi and Liang Tianjian middle periods, and occupies an important position in the history of astronomy in China. The approximate value of PI is about 3.1429, which has a great influence on later calendars. He invented a new temperament which is close to twelve average rhythms. He can play Zheng and play chess again. His works include Da Xing Lun, Yu Zong Ju Shi Shu, Da Yan Guang Lu, retribution question, etc. He used the level of natural science that he could achieve at that time to fight against Buddhism, criticized the idealist theory of "immortality of God" on the issue of form and spirit, and opposed the theory of karma. These works, such as retribution question and Da Xing Lun, record his debates with Buddhists Zong Bing and Yan Yanzhi, which can be found in Hongming Ji and guanghongming Ji. Both Song Shu and Nan Shi are handed down. Preach atheism. He was also familiar with the classics of the dynasties, and was ordered to write and revise the book of song, which he died before it was finished.

Character evaluation

He lost his father at the age of five. He is intelligent and studious. He is a scholar of all kinds. When he became an official in Jin Dynasty, Huan Wei, the commander of Nanman school, joined the army. He followed the order of Changsha Gong Tao Yanshou and assisted the government to join the army and Liuyang. Liu Yi, the general of Fu army, joined the army and issued the order of Bu Wan mausoleum. Zhao Hui is the captain of ningman school and the prefect of Xunyang. Please be Sima. Later, Liu Yuxing joined the army. In the 11th year of the reign of Yixi (415), he enlisted for Shizi and transferred to xizhonglang to join the army. It was founded in the early Song Dynasty, and was called to be the Minister of Shangshu temple. He and Fu Liang co wrote Chaoyi. In the Song Dynasty, he was the governor of Nantai. Xiehui town Jiangling, please for Nanman long history, turn to advisory service, lead record room, line Nanman office. Yuanjia seven years (430), to the northern expedition, please record for the right army. Later, he was appointed as Zhonglang and zuocheng in Shangshu hall, which was named "he Hengyang" in later generations. In the 16th year, in addition to his works, Zuo Lang wrote the history of the country, and the rate of Prince's transfer was even higher. In nineteen years, he established Guozi school, led Guozi doctor, and moved to Yushi

Chinese PinYin : He Cheng Tian