Fu Xian

Fu Xian

Fu Xian (239-294), a writer of the Western Jin Dynasty, was born in Niyang (now Southeast of Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province). He was the grandson of Fu Gan, the prefect of Fu Feng in the Wei Dynasty, and the son of Fu Xuan, the commander of Si Li school. He once served as Prince Xi Ma, Minister Youcheng and censor Zhongcheng. Fengqingquan marquis.

He was strict with the officials, and he was as bitter as hatred for evil. He was frank and dare to remonstrate. He once advocated the abolition and annexation of the government, and only agriculture was the business. He also advocated frugality, saying that "luxury is more than natural disaster". Yuankang died in 1954 at the age of 56. After his death, he was granted the title of "Zhen" as a posthumous title of "Xiao Wei" of Sili. There are more than 10 Fu Xian's poems, most of which are four character poems.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Fu Xian's long character is Yu. It's just and just. It's a great honor. He has a good manner and integrity. He has a wide range of knowledge, intelligence and understanding. He hates evil like a grudge. He recommends talents and is willing to give. He often looks up to the aspirations of Ji Wenzi and Zhong Shanfu. Like to write literary theory, although literary grace is not brilliant enough, but speech can be a warning. Yu Chun of Yingchuan often sighs: "Fu Changyu's article is close to the poet's creation."

Write a letter to tell the truth

In the early years of Xianning (275), Fu Xian inherited the title of Fu Xuan, his father, and became the prince of Xi Ma. He moved to Youcheng, the Minister of state, and went out to be the governor of Jizhou. His stepmother, Du Shi, refused to go with Fu Xian, so Fu Xian went up to ask for his removal. After thirty years, he was changed to situ Zuoshi. at that time, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty paid attention to the political affairs and issued an imperial edict to visit the courtiers to ask whether the political affairs were good or bad. Fu Xian wrote: "Your Majesty is in the most important position, but he works hard to the west of the sun by doing what cloth clothes do. Once upon a time, the Emperor himself did meager things for the benefit of the world, and he would not surpass his majesty. However, it has been 15 years since the founding of the foundation industry in the early years of Thailand. However, the army and the country are not rich enough, and the people are not rich enough. If they fail to succeed in one year, there will be famine. It is really because there are too many official positions, too many miscellaneous affairs, too many people exempt from corvee, too many people encroach on it, and few people work in agriculture. Because of my ignorance and carelessness, I am ashamed of my duty. When I see the imperial edict, I often think about the famine of the common people, and I can't help it. How dare I not do my best to answer the emperor's question? Once upon a time, there were four governors, but now there are more than ten supervisors. Xiayu divided the land into Kyushu, and now the governor is almost twice the original. The household population is only one tenth of that of the Han Dynasty, and there are more counties. There are hundreds of military offices in the palace. The fifth class vassals also set up official subordinates. All kinds of favoured provisions are taken out of the people. If one does not farm, there will be hunger. Now there are countless people who do not farm. Even if the grain harvest is good, it can only meet the needs of green and yellow crops; if there is a disaster suddenly, it will not be able to support. In my opinion, the most urgent task is to merge the official posts, simplify the trivial matters, settle down the duties, stop the corvee, and work together to devote to agricultural production. "

Criticizing the current situation

When Fu Xian was in office, he could do justice. Xia Houjun, the founder of Dazhong in Yuzhou, wrote: "Zhongzheng and Sikong Sima Kongyu, the primary school of the state of Lu, have been transferred to the health care center four times. They are unable to receive guests. They ask Cao Fu, the Secretary of the state of Lu, to replace Kongyu." More than ten days later, he went to Shanghai again to let Kong Yu continue to be in the middle. Situ Weishu refused to accept it three times, but Xia Houjun still insisted on his own opinion. Fu Xian thought that Xia Houjun was free to praise and criticize, so he was promoted to remove him from the post of Dazhong Zheng. Wei Shu was related to Xia Houjun by marriage. He repeatedly refused to sign the contract, but Fu Xian argued for it. Wei Shu finally disagreed, so Fu Xian wrote alone. Wei Shu Shangzuo said that Fu Xian's slander was too extreme and not honest enough. He issued an imperial edict to let him change his post as a driver. Fu Xian saw the worldly luxury and wrote: "I think it's difficult to produce food and clothing. If we don't use them sparingly, there's no reason why we don't lack them. So the first king weathering the world, eating meat and wearing silk, all have custom. In private, I think extravagance is worse than natural disaster. In ancient times, Emperor Yao only had thatched cottages, but now the common people are competing to build spacious houses. In ancient times, ministers did not have exquisite food, and now businessmen can eat delicious food. In ancient times, concubines only had special clothes, but now their wives and concubines all wear silk. In ancient times, doctors only had cars, and now humble slaves also ride fat horses in light cars. In ancient times, when the population was dense and the area was small, there were savings because of frugality; now when the land is broad and the population is sparse, there are not enough worries because of luxury. If we want to be thrifty, we should forbid luxury; if we don't forbid luxury, we will compete with each other. Before Mao was the Minister of the Ministry of officials, no one dared to wear beautiful clothes and eat delicious food. Emperor Wu of Wei sighed: "my decrees are not as good as Mao Shangshu." If all the departments are as attentive as Wang Jie Mao, it is not difficult to change the customs. " The court also agreed to move the county's prison to the county and to establish two communes. He moved to Zuo Cheng. In the first year of Taixi (290), Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty died, Prince Sima Zhong succeeded to the throne, and Yang Jun assisted the government. Fu Xian said to Yang Jun, "things change at any time. Etiquette and justice are appropriate at any time. The emperor has not practiced the system of mourning for a long time. Because of the decline of social customs, political affairs can not be managed on behalf of the government, so although they are in mourning period, they still have to manage everything by themselves. When Liu Heng, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, thought that the world was huge and mourning was too heavy to last long, so he decided to get rid of mourning after burial. Emperor Sima Yan was very filial and honest. He was also ready to remove his clothes and set up a three-year plan to keep his heart in mourning. As for the daily affairs, he was too busy to spare time. Now the emperor wants to hand over the political affairs to you and let him keep mourning. Although this is a modest attitude, people in the world don't think it's very suitable. The reason why it is not suitable is that all the people admire and respect the emperor. If they obey the orders too much, they will be afraid that the light of the sky will be covered. In this case, it will not be easy for you to be a regent. In private, I think that the funeral is over. You should think of the time to rise or fall. Duke Zhou is a saint, and can not avoid slander. It can be inferred that it is not easy to deal with the appointment of Duke Zhou. What's more, the age of the emperor is not the age of King Cheng of Zhou? I forget what I say. It's not easy to say what I say. If you can feel my sincerity, how much do you care about words? " At that time, xunkai's cousin died and went to the funeral himself. Before the imperial edict was issued, xunkai visited Yang Jun. Therefore, Fu Xian said: "it is sad to die, but it is even more sad to lose one's brother. It was only a few days since Xun Kai died together. The emperor was merciful and agreed to his funeral. Before the imperial edict was issued, he went to say goodbye and visit important people. He was eager to show flattery and respect, and had no true feelings of fraternity. They should be demoted seriously in order to advocate custom education. " Sima Zhong thought that Yang Jun was in charge of the government. When he was asked by an imperial edict, Yang Jun was afraid. Fu Xian wrote to Yang Jun again, satirizing and remonstrating him straightly. Yang Jun was a little restrained and gradually dissatisfied. Li Bin, Yang Jun's nephew, persuades Yang Jun that he should not belittle upright people as foreign officials.

be concerned about one 's country and one 's people

Yang Ji, Yang Jun's younger brother, has always been good with Fu Xianyou. He wrote to Fu Xian and said, "the water of the river and the sea is rolling, so it can achieve its depth and breadth. The world is a big thing, and you can't understand it very well. I think you want to understand everything. You have dementia, but you want to understand official affairs, and official affairs are not easy to understand. It's a pleasure to know that it's time to be stupid. Zuo Cheng was in charge of the imperial court and assistant to eight ministers and officials. It was not easy to occupy this position. It's even more difficult to be outspoken with your willfulness and to be in a difficult position. It's a headache to think about, so the statement is as above. " Fu Xian replied, "Duke Wei said that killing people with wine and sex is more powerful than being upright. I don't regret my death for drinking and sex. In advance, I was afraid that disaster would be caused by integrity. This was due to my dishonesty. I wanted to make a fool of myself as a wise sage! Since ancient times, people who have suffered from the misfortune of integrity should have overcorrected themselves, or they are not loyal enough to build up their reputation with extreme harshness, so they are resented. There is no one who is sincere and loyal but envied and hated After a while, Yang Jun was killed, and Fu Xian was transferred to be the son of Prince Zhongshu and promoted to Zhongcheng. At that time, taizai and Sima Liang, the king of Runan, assisted the government. Fu xianzhishu said: "I think Taijia of Shang Dynasty and Chengwang of Zhou Dynasty were young, so there were Yiyin and Duke of Zhou assisting politics. The sages of the former generation can not help being doubted. Besides, the present ministers are not saints, and the king is not a child. How can they imitate the old story of Yiyin Duke Zhou! Yang Jun was rude, but he wanted to be Yiyin Zhougong. He thought he could help the government and stabilize the world, so he died. His crimes are countless, as your Highness has witnessed. Yang Jun was attacked by Emperor Shengming. Meng Guan and Li Zhao only participated in knowing the secret order. As for the merits of criticism, it should be attributed to the emperor. Meng Guan and others are Marquis of several thousand families. The emperor is very happy to kill Yang Jun, so he would rather be generous to express his joy. This is the truth that the subordinates should weigh. But now it is instigated that the Duke of Dong'an be made king, Meng Guan and Li zhaodu be made County princes, and the rest be made Hou, Bo, Zi and Nan. After the false addition, the third class is promoted. Since ancient times, there has never been such a reward. If there is no merit but a generous reward, no one is not happy that the country has disasters, because the rise of disasters will make great contributions. People are happy with trouble. There is no limit! This kind of practice comes from the Duke of Dong'an. When his highness assumes office, he should have a way to correct it. What anger does the public have when they make it right with the great way? What people are angry about is injustice. Nowadays, people are talking behind their backs, and no one is disappointed. I was dull, not only disappointed, but also worried in private. In addition, when you denounced Yang Jun, your highness, you were still outside the imperial court and did not participate in it. Now we have to entrust a heavy task, so let your highness

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