Sun Zhiyu

Sun Zhiyu

Sun Zhiyu (Xi è, 1591-1647) was born in Zichuan County, Shandong Province (now Dazhuang village, Baita Town, Boshan District, Zibo City). In the second year of Tianqi (1622), Jinshi was promoted to be a good scholar, and then Hanlin Academy. The seventh year of Tianqi (1627) served as the imperial examination palace of Shuntian township. In the early years of Chongzhen, the court officials asked to destroy the "three dynasties code" and cried for it alone, so they were listed in the case of castrating the party and dismissing for the people.

After Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan, he was called to Beijing, where he was appointed the right servant of the Ministry of rites. After Prince ajige settled Jiujiang, Tong Dai, the vice governor, stayed behind. He invited him to appease him and ordered him to appease Jiangxi with the title of minister of arms. Later, he was dismissed as a member of the people because of his "long-term futility and good reputation". In the third year of Shunzhi (1647), the anti Qing peasant armed forces led by Xie Qian conquered Zichuan. He and his family were killed together.

Join the eunuch party

Sun Zhiyu was a Jinshi in the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty. He was granted a review and moved to study as a servant. When sun Zhiyu was an official, he was in the power of Wei Zhongxian. When the eunuch party was popular, he became a member of the eunuch party and had a good life. After the fall of Wei Zhongxian in 1628, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty ordered the destruction of the "three dynasties code" compiled by the eunuch party for the purpose of excluding and killing dissidents. Sun Zhiyu once held the "three dynasties code" to the temple and cried bitterly, which was despised by the scholars. In August of this year, the imperial court "cut sun Zhiyu's citizenship" and let him return to live in his hometown.

Shaving and begging for surrender

No advance or retreat

On April 22, 1644, the first day the Qing army defeated Li Zicheng and entered Shanhaiguan, they ordered to shave their heads. On the first day of May, the Regent Dorgon led the Qing army through Tongzhou, and the governor of Tongzhou met the surrender. Dorgon "ordered to shave his hair.". When he entered Beijing on the second day of junior high school, the next day, Dorgon issued orders to the Ministry of war and the officials and people of the former Ming Dynasty respectively, ordering the Ministry of war to send people to various places to appease them, demanding that "all the officials and people who surrendered to the army should have their hair shaved, and their clothes should comply with the system of this dynasty.". This is the official decree of shaving and changing clothes and crowns after Qing Dynasty entered Beijing. In order to win the favor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, sun Zhifan wanted to "mark the difference and show his affinity". One day when he went to the court, he became "totally new". He not only shaved his hair and left his braids, but also changed his clothes to Manchu officials. At that time, the court officials were divided into Manchu and Han classes. When they went to the court, Manchu class ministers said that he was a Han, and they did not allow him to join the class; Hanban ministers said that he was a Manchu, and they did not want him. Hovering between the two classes, sun Zhilin couldn't advance or retreat and was in a mess.

Write and shave

So in a rage, sun Zhiyu proposed to speed up the implementation of the shaving order issued by the imperial court. Shuyan: "Your Majesty calms China, everything is new, and the system of clothing and hair, only the old Han Dynasty, this is your majesty from China, not China from your majesty." In June of 1645 A.D., Dorgon adopted this proposal and ordered to issue the "shaving order" again, stipulating that "the whole nation's officials and people, inside and outside the capital, are limited to 10 days, and Zhili and other provinces and localities are limited to 10 days when they come to Japan by means of Buwen, and all their hair is shaved."

Fierce resistance

Shaving is a popular custom of Manchu people. For thousands of years, Han people do not shave their hair when they grow up because of the idea that "their body is full of skin, their parents dare not be hurt, and filial piety is the beginning of their life." wearing clothes and wearing hair "has become the external symbol of Han people. Shaving seriously hurt the feelings of the Han people and made them lose the external symbol of the Han people and the last psychological defense line of not being slaves. People began to fight, and the solemn and violent struggle against hair shaving was surging.

At that time, it was hard for us to imagine how fierce the anti shaving was and how much blood and tears flowed. Wang Jiazhen's Yan Tang Jian Wen Za Ji has a very clear record of this period of history: all the people in the Central Plains want to hold up their Mantis arms, refuse to fight with frogs, and swarm everywhere. Millions of people in the south of the Yangtze River have done their best to anoint the grass. His original intention was to pursue wealth and honor, and to be shameless, which led to endless evil. "

Thoroughfare of violent corpses

In the autumn of the third year of Shunzhi, the peasant uprising led by Xie Qian broke out in Shandong Province. At this time, sun Zhiyu happened to return home in fine clothes. The peasant army invaded Zichuan and captured him alive. They tied him up and showed him in the market. People stabbed him with pinholes and hair to punish him for flattering the Qing government and creating the crime of shaving his hair and killing his compatriots. People will be beheaded City Cao, violent corpse thoroughfare. When the news came out, people all applauded and said that they deserved what they had done. Later, Pu Songling wrote Strange Tales from a lonely studio, in which there was an article called scolding ducks. It was said that a man ate someone else's duck, and his body was covered with duck feathers, which was painful and itchy. Finally, the owner of the duck scolded him, and the thief took off the duck feathers. This story may have something to do with sun Zhiyu, but I'm afraid that no matter how people scold him, it's hard for sun Zhiyu to shed his duck feathers. Many officials have sold themselves to the enemy for the sake of wealth, but they usually have to find a high sounding excuse, such as "being forced to be helpless" and "sharing common prosperity" to cover up their identity as second ministers. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of Ming Dynasty officials came to the Qing Dynasty. They said that because the Qing army helped them beat Li Zicheng and avenged the Ming Dynasty, they surrendered to the Qing government. However, they have also sung high-profile songs like "shame to pass on the surname for two days". Therefore, they feel guilty after becoming second ministers. Even after "exchanging violence with violence", they try not to help the tyrant and the tiger. Even Wu Sangui, who is famous for selling for glory, once dissuaded duoergun from the implementation of the order.

Things behind me

After sun Zhiyu's death, Zhang ruxiu, then governor of Shandong Province, played the following song: Ding Keze, a local thief, seduced Xie Qian, a traitor, into Zichuan county. Sun Zhiyu, former Minister of Jiangxi Military Ministry, was dismembered and killed by the thief.

When Gu Yanwu heard the news, he wrote a trip to Zichuan to congratulate him

Zhang Bosong, skillfully playing, has a big flag and high teeth. After the strike, general Yin returned to Li Zhong, and there were soldiers and drums in the East.

Drum meets, flag hunts, Zichuan City next encircles three turns. Around three turns, open the gate, take your head, Xie Yuanyuan.

The news of sun Zhiyu's death spread to the capital, and Emperor Shunzhi issued a decree to the officials to discuss the matter of pension. Chen Mingxia and Jin Zhijun suggested that sun Zhiyu should be restored to his original official position and be given a pension; Ma Guanghui and qixinlang ningguli suggested that sun Zhiyu should not be given a pension because his official status had been removed. "In the two discussions, life will be discussed with brilliance." That is to say, the two motions were reported to the imperial court together. Emperor Shunzhi finally adopted Ma Guanghui's suggestion, and did not give sun Zhiyu any credit or pension.

The grave was dug

In Dazhuang village, Boshan new district, Zibo, there is a sun's cemetery. Recently, the ancient tomb inside was stolen.

According to Shandong Radio and television news center "good morning Shandong", police arrived at the scene of the crime and found a 60 cm diameter cave about 3 meters deep beside the tomb, surrounded by some crime tools, mineral water bottles and cigarette butts. According to historical records, sun's cemetery was built in the Ming Dynasty with a history of 400 years. It was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in 2015. One of the most famous figures is sun Zhiyu, the Minister of the Ministry of war in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

Chinese PinYin : Sun Zhi Xie