Ni Yue
Ni Yue
Ni Yue (1444-1501), named shunzi, was born in Shangyuan (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) of yingtianfu, and his ancestral home was Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). Ming Dynasty officials. The son of Ni Qian.
He is good at learning and writing, and is familiar with the affairs of the world. Tianshun eight years (1464) Jinshi, granted editor. In Chenghua, Lei Qian became the right servant of the Ministry of rites. In Hongzhi, he was the Minister of the Ministry of official rites. He was also the Minister of the Ministry of official rites. In October 1501, Ni Yue died at the age of 58. He is the author of Qingxi manuscripts.
(< I > overview photo source: the remains of the philosophy of Wulin, engraved by the Ding family in the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty in Qiantang < / I >)
Life of the characters
Stepping into official career
Ni Yue was born in an official family. His father, Ni Qian, was a minister of rites in Nanjing, and his posthumous title was Wen Fu. Ni Yue was a Jinshi in 1464. Ren Shu Ji Shi was appointed editor. During the reign of Chenghua, he successively served as a scholar and lectured on duty in the east palace. In the 22nd year of Tianshun (1486), he was promoted to the right Minister of the Ministry of rites, and he was still on duty in front of the emperor. In the early years of Hongzhi, he was changed to Zuo Shilang. Ni Yue is eager to learn and quick in writing and thinking. Geng Yu, the Secretary of state, was upright and held great propriety, so that the system of propriety and culture was decided by Ni Yue. In the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), Geng Yu was transferred to the Ministry of Li, and Ni Yue served as the Minister of Li.
Honest and clean
Xiaozong called the national teacher from Sichuan to lead Zhanzhu to Beijing. Ni Yue tried his best to persuade him, but Xiaozong didn't listen. Xia ang and Zhang Zhen, the censor, were admonished one after another, and the matter was finally stopped. At that time, the scale of the royal palaces was more magnificent than that of the royal palaces in Yongle and Xuande years. Ni Yue asked for the promulgation of unified specifications. He also asked the Ministry of rites to write down the disasters and anomalies reported from all parts of the country at the end of each year. They were listed in detail according to the chronological order of the disasters and anomalies, and were widely cited in the classics and historical materials. He urged Xiaozong to be diligent in giving lectures, to speak widely, to be free from taxes and servitudes, to be cautious in punishing criminals, to accept honest and loyal people, to eliminate redundant people, to stop fasting, to reduce construction and to stop excessive rewards. Most of Xiaozong adopted it.
Zuo Shilang Xu Qiong was related to the Queen's family by marriage and planned to replace Ni Yue. In the ninth year of Hongzhi (1496), the Ministry of officials in Nanjing was short of official documents, and the court officials recommended Xu Qiong. However, the emperor ordered Ni Yue to go to Nanjing as the crown prince, and Xu Qiong took the place of Ni Yue. Soon after, Ni Yue was appointed secretary of the Ministry of war of Nanjing, and his staff helped to deal with important affairs. After returning to Beijing, Ni Yue took the place of Tu Zhen as the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. He strictly forbids people to intercede, and does not fish for fame. The Ministry of official affairs is fair.
Discussion on Shangshu
Ni Yue is a big man with a cold and serious expression. He is good at making decisions. When the Manchu ministers discussed something together and there were different opinions, he only said a few words, which convinced the listeners. Among the officials at the same level, Ni Yue highly praised Ma Wensheng, but he did not discuss things without principle. He told more than 100 stories about the malpractices in military and political affairs one by one. When the articles came out, people copied them one after another. In recent years, maolihai, arrowhead, boluochu and gasland have become major border disasters. They all moved along the Hetao area. The water and grass in the Hetao area were beautiful and suitable for farming. Therefore, the enemy occupied this area frequently and invaded it constantly. The generals are cowardly, and most of them close their cities to defend themselves. If you meet an enemy, you are always defeated by him. Neither dare to stop his forward, nor cut off his return. When the enemy advances, he can gain heavy profits, but when he retreats, he has no worries about the future. As a result, there is constant fighting and constant suffering. The imperial court sent its generals to carry out expeditions three times in four years, but they did not make any contribution. The generals who went to war either went back high or returned safely, but they lived in the imperial court with leisure and contentment. They were rewarded with military achievements and filled their private homes with gold and silk. As soon as the army takes action, it will always bring good news, reward indiscriminately, and award the rank of generals at will. They even killed civilians and pretended to be the enemy's head. Before the enemy is defeated, he pretends that he has fled in rout. It is not the children of the scholar bureaucrats or the followers of the rich families who can be rewarded for their meritorious deeds. The ordinary soldiers and the people who carried the grain abandoned the city, and the blood was rich in weeds. The anger of heaven and the resentment of man, and the accumulation of disaster omens, should not be taken lightly. Jingying has always been known for its redundant soldiers and timid generals. I'm afraid that staying behind to guard the capital will not be able to protect the capital, and it will lose its prestige if it leaves the capital rashly. On the contrary, they will lose their achievements and be despised and insulted by the enemy. Besides, Yansui is a border area, far away from the capital. Xuanfu and Datong are also border areas, closer to the capital. It's like the gate of the capital. Is there no guard here? Not long ago, the Ministry of war suggested that Xuanfu should send 5000 troops and Datong 10000 troops to assist Yansui, regardless of the distance between each other and the lack of rescue. People were struggling to March and horses were tired of running. It's a common tactic of bandits to attack the West with the East. It is the best strategy for military strategists to avoid the real and attack the vital. All the elite troops are concentrated in the west, and only the old and weak soldiers stay in the north. In case of war in the north, and the troops in the west can't be separated from each other, they will be trapped far and near. Is it worthwhile?
As for the troops in Yansui, the shortage of grain and grass made the people in Shanxi and Henan bear the labor of transporting grain and grass. The people who deliver food and grass walk thousands of miles. The husband transports food and grass, the wife supplies food and grass at home, the father pulls the cart, and the son bears the burden. Fortunately, it was delivered to the destination. A bunch of grass was worth 100 yuan, and the price of a bushel of millet doubled. In case of an enemy thief and his life lost, what else could he say? If the transportation is not enough, there will be additional wastage. If these are not enough, there will be a pre levy. Floods and droughts can not be predicted, and the year's success can not be predicted. How can the quota be set in advance? Some of those who were attached to the powerful and sheltered their relatives and friends took out short documents and sent them to the people. There was no increase in the official warehouse. As for the payment of corn for salt, some rich and powerful families privately asked them to sell the salt in the name of naisukong, but the merchants had to pay several times the price. As a result, the officials and barons were more and more despised, the salt law was getting worse and worse day by day, and the lack of border reserves remained the same.
In addition, the imperial court took out the treasury funds to supply the frontier land, with tens of thousands of taels of silver each year. Shanxi and Henan pay more than a few hundred thousand silver to border areas every year. If more silver is accumulated, the value of silver will be lower. If rice millet is reduced every day, the price of rice millet will be higher. And those who don't know about it are always in the process of raising soldiers. Some use tea and salt, some use silver and cloth, which is called conversion of grain price. In fact, it is to cut military supplies. As a result, the imperial court was worried that the grain would rot in the warehouse, but the sergeants could not eat enough. When soldiers and horses pass by, they have to deal with it according to the law. Generally speaking, each person gives a bucket of rice and a bunch of grass to the horse. In one day, some people go through two fortresses and some go through three or four cities. How can they give them all? There is no better way to cheat your superiors and gain self-interest. When asked about the strategy to resist the enemy, there are different opinions. It is said that it is necessary to restore the vital position of the surrender city and defend the old city of Dongsheng, so that they can support each other in the war and win the enemy together. To recover the towns to the north of the Yellow River, we must gather troops outside the Great Wall. It is difficult to send long-distance troops into the desert because of the burden of supplies. The enemy can attack from the front or from behind. The war lasted for a long time. If it fails, it will lose its prestige. Others say that they will command 100000 troops, bring half a month's grain, raise their morale, sweep up the enemy's caves and drive them out of Hetao. This is not a bad statement. However, the emperor's army should win the whole victory, and the art of war of Sun Wu said that he should wait for labor with ease. Now we need to summon up the courage to go forward, search for the poor and strike far, and take risks all the way to get away with it. It is difficult to travel with the army when carrying grain, and it is difficult to be rescued when leading the commander to drive in. Besides, this place is thousands of miles away, with no towns to live in and no reserves. The enemy may move back and forth, making our army exhausted. Our army is limited by the objective situation and trapped by the enemy. If you miss the chance to win, you will follow the same old road. One of the most blunders is to give up Yan Sui's failure to defend. In name, the soldiers and the people will be relieved of the burden. I don't know that every inch of the land of the people will be valued by their ancestors. In the past, Dongsheng was defeated, but today's enemies are gathered in Yan Sui, while Guandong and Shaanxi are shocked. If we give up Yansui now, the future disasters will be concentrated in Guandong and Shaanxi, which will shake the capital. The closer the thief gets, the greater the harm. " Ni Yue then stated that he should attach importance to generals' power, such as building more castles, increasing sentinels, recruiting strong men, removing foreign soldiers, making clear rewards and punishments, strictly investigating spies, enriching farmland, and restoring border waterways. At that time, because the Ministry of war was advocating the use of troops, Ni Yue's suggestions could not be fully adopted.
In his later years
In October 1510, Ni Yue died at the age of 58. Shaobao was granted the posthumous title of Wenyi. In the Ming Dynasty, father and son were officials in the Imperial Academy, and their posthumous titles all had the word "Wen", which began with Ni Yue.
Historical evaluation
History of the Ming Dynasty: "Yue looks like a great man, with a stern demeanor. He is good at judging major events. Every time the Ying court meets, it decides to make a speech, which is pleasing to those who hear it. "
Anecdotes of characters
When Ni Qian, the father of Ni Yue, played his life to offer sacrifices to Beiyue, Ni Yue's mother dreamt that the immortal in red came into the room and gave birth to his son Ni Yue, so she named it "Yue".
Family members
Father: Ni Qian.
Historical records
The seventy first biography of Ming history has a biography.
Chinese PinYin : Ni Yue
Ni Yue
