Liu gongchuo

Liu gongchuo

Liu gongchuo (765-832, May 6) has a wide character and a small character. He was born in Huayuan County, Jingzhao prefecture (now liujiayuan, housang Township, Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province). He was a famous official and calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, and the elder brother of Liu Gongquan, the crown prince and the protector.

Liu gongchuo is solemn and rigorous, and likes to make friends with heroes. He is also intelligent and studious, and has a brilliant talent. In the first year of Zhengyuan (785), Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, with a good and honest voice, admonished Ke dengdi. He was awarded the title of "xueshulang" and "Weinan County Lieutenant". He successively held the posts of "Kaizhou governor", "Shi Yushi" and "Yushi Zhongcheng". Tang Xianzong ascended the throne, served as the observer of e Yue, and participated in pacifying the rebellion of Wu Yuanji in Huaixi. In the Tang Dynasty, Mu Zong paid homage to Jing Zhaoyin and moved to Zuo Cheng. In the first year of Baoli (825), he paid homage to the left servant. After Tang Wenzong ascended the throne, he served as the governor of Hedong, Zhenfu Shatuo. Later, he entered the Dynasty and became the Minister of the Ministry of war. In 832, Liu gongchuo died at the age of 68. He was awarded the title of "Yuan" to the crown prince.

Liu gongchuo's writings are elegant and standard, and his calligraphy is solemn and sincere, simple and natural. Today, there is a tablet inscription "memorial tablet of Zhuge Marquis Wu, Prime Minister of Shu" handed down. Liu Gong was fond of collecting books, and his family had more than ten thousand volumes. He inherited and developed Liu's collection with his son Liu Zhongying. His poems and prose works are included in the poems of the whole Tang Dynasty and the prose of the whole Tang Dynasty.

Source: biography of ancient sages

Life of the characters

Strictly abide by the law

Liu Zhengli, the grandfather of Liu gongchuo, was an official of Cao Canjun, a scholar of Jiazhou; his father, Liu Ziwen, was a governor of Danzhou. When Liu gongchuo was born three days ago, his uncle Liu Zihua said to Liu Ziwen, "take good care of this child. His good fortune can't be matched by our brothers. It's this child who is going to open up our Liu family. " Therefore, he chose the characters as his starting point (< I > < I > < I > New Tang book < / I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I >). Liu gongchuo was filial to his parents and friendly with his brothers since he was young. He is intelligent, strict and solemn, and his behavior is in line with the etiquette. In the first year of Zhenyuan (785), Liu gongchuo took part in the system examination and was awarded the title of secretary of the provincial school. In the fourth year of Zhenyuan (788), he took part in the system examination for the second time, and was appointed as the county captain of Weinan county. At that time, Weinan county had a poor harvest in the famine years. Although Liu gongchuo's family had plenty of food and clothing, he didn't eat more than one bowl per meal, and he didn't eat until the harvest years. Someone asked Liu gongchuo why he did so. He replied, "people everywhere are suffering and hungry. Can I have enough to eat alone?" Cixi observation envoy Yao Qiwu asked Liu gongchuo to be a magistrate, and the imperial court granted him the title of imperial censor. In the winter of the same year, Yao Qiwu recommended Liu gongchuo as the governor of Kaizhou. Kaizhou is a place where ethnic minorities live together (< I > Yiluo < / I >), and they often harass Kaizhou. An official under Liu gongchuo said: "our troops can't stop them. We hope to temporarily appoint their leader to an important official post." Liu gongchuo said, "do you go along with them? How can you break the law? " Kill him immediately, and the barbarians retreat. After that, Liu gongchuo entered the court as a royal censor, and then moved to be an official. In October of the second year of Yuanhe (807), the Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng dismissed the prime minister as the governor of Xichuan in Jiannan, and appointed Liu gongchuo and Peidu as the governor. Liu gongchuo and Pei Du have a good friendship with each other. Liu gongchuo later joined the imperial court as a doctor before Pei Du. Pei Du made a special farewell poem.

Offering advice

After Tang Xianzong ascended the throne, he used troops to fight against rebels and went hunting many times. In view of this behavior of emperor Xianzong, Liu gongchuo wanted to offer a satirical admonition. In November 810 of the fifth year of Yuanhe, he presented his "Tai Yi Zhen", which euphemistically mentioned that "food is the foundation of one's health, while excessive clothing is the foundation of one's virtue, and extravagance is the foundation of one's slowness." You can enjoy yourself freely, flow your emotions and ambition; you can gallop in the shape of labor, and shake your qi. " After reading the admonition, Emperor Xianzong thought that Liu gongchuo was a talented man. He sent envoys to ask him, and said to him, "you said," vitality can be found everywhere, and you don't care about the size of cracks and loopholes. "How deeply you worry about me, I should take it as my motto." A month later, Emperor Xianzong issued an imperial edict to appoint Liu gongchuo as Zhongcheng.

Leading by Confucian scholars

Liu gongchuo made friends with Prime Minister Pei long. In the sixth year of Yuanhe (811), Huainan Jiedu envoy Li Jifu, who had a bad relationship with Pei long, once again presided over the government. Liu gongchuo went out to serve as governor of Tanzhou, censor Zhongcheng and observer of Hunan. He thought that Hunan was too humid and remote to support his parents in Chang'an, the capital, so he asked the prime minister to change his division to Dongdu (< I > Luoyang < / I >), so as to "support them", which was not approved for a long time. In this year, Zhang Bojing, the leader of the Xidong ethnic group, gathered together and led the peasants to attack Bozhou and Feizhou. Liu gongchuo, together with Cui Neng, the economic and strategic envoy of Central Guizhou, Yan Shou, the Jiedu envoy of Jingnan, and pan Mengyang, the Jiedu envoy of Dongchuan, Jiannan, were ordered to fight. Only in August of the eighth year of Yuanhe (813) did Zhang Bojing apply for surrender. In October of the 8th year of Yuanhe (813), Liu gongchuo was transferred to be the governor of Ezhou and the observation envoy of Yuee Mianqi Anhuang (< I > observation envoy of Yuee). At this point, he just welcomed his mother to the mansion to govern Jiangxia. In the ninth year of Yuanhe (814), Wu Yuanji, the son of Wu Shaoyang, the former governor of Huaixi, took charge of the governor of caizhou. He resisted the orders of caizhou, and Xianzong ordered the generals to fight against him. Liu gongchuo dispatched 5000 Hubei troops under the command of Li Ting, the governor of Anzhou. Liu gongchuo said: "the imperial court thinks that I am a Confucian, and I don't know how to March and fight?" He asked to lead his troops to the front line, and the court agreed. He led his troops across the Xiangjiang River and arrived in Anzhou. Li Ting received him with the courtesy of Lian Shi (< I > observation Shi < / I >). Liu gongchuo said, "isn't it because of the war that you put your bow in the arrow? If we remove the military uniform, we are just two ministers. How can we have a relationship of mutual domination? Because your family has been a general for generations and knows the art of war. If I should not command the army, I should go back to Korea. If not, I would sign my name and act according to the art of war. " Li heard, "I'll take your orders." Liu gongchuo appointed Li Ting as the military envoy of e'yue, the vanguard of the Chinese army, and the Marquis of the camp. He also selected six thousand elite soldiers and handed them over to commander Li Ting, warning all the generals and schools that "all the business of the camp will be decided by Li Ting." Li Ting was both moved and frightened, just like Liu gongchuo's subordinates. At that time, people all admired Liu gongchuo's ability to adapt to circumstances and control subordinates. During the expedition of the Hubei army in Huaixi, Liu gongchuo sent his relatives to visit the families of the lower level officers and soldiers many times. If someone suffered from illness, childbirth or funeral, he would give a lot of money and food. The sergeant's wife was so playful that Liu gongchuo sank her into the river. The officers and soldiers were very grateful, and said: "Zhongcheng (< I > refers to Liu gongchuo < / I >) manages our family affairs for us, can we not fight desperately?" Therefore, the Hubei army will win every battle.

Straight and unyielding

In 816, the court sent Li Daogu to replace Liu gongchuo. Liu gongchuo returned to Chang'an and was appointed as the minister. At this time, Emperor Xianzong ordered all the towns to ask for Li Shidao, the governor of Lu army. In November of the same year, Emperor Xianzong granted Li Shidao the title of Sikong, and sent Liu gongchuo to Yunzhou (< I > Pinglu Town Office < / I >) to read out the imperial court's document to test whether he intended to surrender. After returning to the court, Liu gongchuo was appointed as Jing Zhaoyin. Once, on his way to the yamen, a Shence military academy did not evade on horseback. He immediately ordered to kill the Academy in Fangshi. Emperor Xianzong was angry because he killed people without asking for instructions. Liu gongchuo explained: "Jing Zhaoyin is the place where the world takes the rule. As soon as I was promoted by your Majesty's praise, the young general of Shence's army leaped over me. This is a way of belittling Your Majesty's Canon, not just weighing my authority. I only know how to kill rude people with my staff, but I don't know if it's the general of Shence army. " Xianzong said, "why don't you play?" Liu gongchuo replied, "I only know the decision, but I shouldn't play it." Emperor Xianzong asked: "since he has been killed, who should be responsible for it?" Liu gongchuo said: "if someone is killed in the street, general Jin Wuwei will play in the street; if someone is killed in the street, the left and right envoys will play in the street." Xianzong did not pursue it. Liu gongchuo left his post because of his mother's death. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), Liu gongchuo was appointed Minister of the Ministry of punishment after his funeral. In May, he also led the transportation of salt and iron. Later, he transferred the Minister of the military department and the censor doctor, and still led the salt and iron transport envoy. In March of the first year of Changqing (821), Liu gongchuo gave up the post of salt and iron transport envoy, and became the official of Jing Zhaoyin for the second time. At that time, the imperial court was at war with the rebels of Zhu Kerong and Wang Chengzong in Youzhou. The imperial edict of appointing and dismissing the generals on the front line was changed day by day, and the envoys rode back and forth on the road. Liu Gong Chuo said: "since the imperial court used troops in Youzhen, there have been many envoys sent by the imperial court, and there are not enough postmen and horses. However, the imperial court did not stipulate the personal luggage and number of the envoys. The envoys in red and purple riding on horseback can ride 30 or 40 post horses (< I > "20 or 30" in the old book of the Tang Dynasty) < / I >), and the envoys in yellow and green clothes can ride no less than 10 or 5 post horses. The post officials can't check the coupons, so the envoys ask for the information from the post office. When the post horses are used up, they grab the horses of passers-by. The scholars and the common people resented their disturbance, and the pedestrians on the road were almost cut off. Ask your majesty to fix the amount of envoys in order to stop the malpractice. " After the emperor Mu Zong of Tang Dynasty was spared, he ordered Zhongshu province to make laws and regulations, so the post officials were exempted. The eunuch of the North Division hated him. In October of the same year, Liu gongchuo was changed to minister of the Ministry of officials.

Traversing Fangzhen

In September of the second year of Changqing (822), Liu gongchuo was promoted to the rank of imperial historian. In the third year of Changqing (823), Liu gongchuo was appointed Minister of rites. In order to avoid the taboo of his grandfather Liu Zhengli, he asked to change his position and was granted the title of minister Zuo Cheng. Soon after, he took the post of school inspector

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