Ke Jiusi

Ke Jiusi

Ke Jiusi (1290-1343), whose name is Jingzhong, is a member of Danqiu, danqiusheng and wuyunge. He was born in Xianju County, Taizhou (now Xianju County, Zhejiang Province). His father, Ke Qian, was a prominent official in Xianju of Yuan Dynasty. In the first year of Dade (1297), he moved to Qiantang (now Hangzhou) with his father.

Ke Jiusi is erudite and able to write poetry and prose; he is good at writing, and his four styles and eight methods are both elegant and vulgar. Known as poetry, calligraphy and painting. He is famous for his "likeness of spirit" in painting. He is good at painting bamboo. Influenced by Zhao Mengfu, he advocated painting with calligraphy. He once said: "to write dry, use seal script, to write branches with grass, to write leaves with eight points, or to use Lu Gong's brush strokes, to use wood and stone to break hairpin strands, and to use house leakage marks." Ke Jiusi collected a lot of calligraphy from Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as Cao E's poetry, and some excellent works from Song Dynasty, such as Su Shi's "sky dark cloud calligraphy" and Huang Tingjian's "dynamic and static calligraphy".

In addition to Ouyang Xun's writing style, his calligraphy is integrated with the charm of Wei and Jin people. His style is strict and neat, and his writing style is quiet and elegant. His strong style emphasizes the beauty of straightness and straightness, which is deeply influenced by Zhao Mengfu's view of advocating Jin people's Calligraphy. As Wang Wenzhi of the Qing Dynasty said: "Danqiu calligraphy style imitates the father and son's style, and strives to be vigorous. It is known that it is the calligraphy of the Yuan Dynasty and the times." Xingkai is his strong point, and his surviving books include the old man's star Fu, the poem of reading and killing mosquitoes, and the version of the Orchid Pavilion.

Profile

Ke Jiusi was born in kesi'ao village, Tianshi Town, Xianju County, surrounded by mountains and Bixi. Perhaps it was because he drank the sweet spring of Dragon Waterfall when he was young and was influenced by the beautiful spirit of Kuocang mountain. When he grew up, he became a famous calligrapher and painter in Yuan Dynasty. His father, Ke Qian, was a prominent official in Xianju of Yuan Dynasty.

Influenced by his father, Ke Jiusi was fond of painting and calligraphy since he was a child. He was regarded as a "child prodigy". In the first year of Yanyou's reign (1314), he took his father's shadow to make up for Huating County captain. In the first year of Tianli (1328), Ke Jiusi traveled to Jiankang and was introduced to meet King tutimer. Soon after, King Huai succeeded to the throne and became emperor, which was for Wenzong. Ke Jiusi was awarded the post of capital of dianruiyuan (zhengqipin, in charge of Ruibao and ritual jade). In the second year of Tianli reign, the emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty imitated the Song Dynasty's academic system, and Ke Jiusi was promoted to doctor Kui Zhangge (zhengwupin), who was specially responsible for the identification of the gold and stone calligraphy and painting collected by the court. The ancient artifacts, paintings and calligraphy collected in fanneifu were identified by Ke Jiusi. According to his appraisal, there are Wang Xianzhi's Ya tou Wan, Yu Shinan's LAN Ting Xu, Yang Ning's Jiuhua tie and Su Shi's Hanshi tie. The emperor trusted Ke Jiusi very much. In order to allow him to enter and leave the forbidden area freely, the emperor specially "granted the seal of teeth to pass through the forbidden area" and made him serve the emperor together with Yu Ji, a scholar of letters in Kui Zhang Pavilion. Ke painted and Yu wrote poems, "favoring rilong". In the long and short sentence of Feng Ren song, Yu Ji's Ci poem Ke Jiu Si, the words "late in the golden Luan Palace", "stopping in the flowers" and "imperial edict Xu Chuan Gong Zhu" are recorded at that time. Later, due to the jealousy of the bureaucrats in the imperial court and the death of Wenzong, Ke Jiusi returned to the south, retired to Wuxia, and lived in yinzhiqiao in Songjiang (now Shanghai).

"It's reported that Mr. Chen has returned to the south of the Yangtze River." Ke Jiusi's return to the South added vitality to the literary world of Jiangsu and Zhejiang where celebrities gathered. However, the famous man who "xianyinai is a Danqiu immortal, smiling in the wind and dancing in the spring" and "has the wind of gaohaiyue" was very depressed after the heavy blow of this oil seal. According to Ke De's notes on spring flowers and autumn flowers and plants hall, Ke Jiusi once returned to his hometown Xianju in the fifth year of Zhiyuan Dynasty (1339), "every time I remember Dadu, I can't bear the past." An old Taoist asked him to paint and recite poems. In a bad mood, he declined politely on the ground that "mountains are not in the eye, but can't be painted; water is not in the mind, but can't be recited.". In October of 1343, Ke Jiusi died in Suzhou. He was only 54 years old.

Artistic achievements

Book 1

As a literary servant, Ke Jiusi was frustrated in his official career and did not succeed. But in the field of literature and art, they are versatile and have made great achievements. He is a poet, a poet and a connoisseur of stone. However, what Ke Jiusi is good at most is calligraphy and painting, known as poetry, calligraphy and painting. His calligraphy works are rarely handed down from generation to generation. His strong points are regular script. His handwriting is elegant in the early days and gloomy in the later years. Majestic in a simple bone strength, thick in see straight and elegant, with a lone artistic charm. Ke Jiusi had the highest achievement and great influence in painting. The mountains and rivers in the painting are beautiful and thick, and the gullies are extraordinary; the flowers, birds, stones and grasses are fragrant with light ink, which is very interesting. He is especially good at painting ink and bamboo. He developed the painting method of Wentong, the ancestor of ink and bamboo painting. He integrated ancient Chinese calligraphy into the painting method. This is an outstanding and unique creation. In Ke Jiusi's works, the ink bamboo "has its own posture and makes its own business". Hsinchu rises up, its branches are luxuriant and its leaves are flourishing; the old bamboo leans slightly, its branches and leaves are sparse and its bones are strong; the young bamboo is vigorous and its young leaves are young and full of vigor. Just as Liu Xuan, the son of the Yuan Dynasty, praised, "the fine rain, the wind and the snow, the horizontal hanging; the prosperity, the withering, the young and the old, each extremely wonderful." In addition, Liu Bowen of the Ming Dynasty and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty all wrote poems on Ke Jiusi's ink bamboo. Art is eternal. Few of Ke Jiusi's paintings can be found in later generations, but because of his great reputation, there are many fake works. Today, the more reliable works are the painting of ink and bamboo in Qingkai Pavilion and the painting of double bamboo in Shanghai Museum.

Book 2

Erudite and literate, good at writing ink and bamboo, master Huzhou. He is good at painting landscapes, figures and flowers; he is good at painting bamboo and stone in Cha ya, and he is a master of Su Dongpo. The branches and trunks of a big tree are painted in one stroke, without any trace. Its green pines and cypresses, forest smoke, ancient gas majestic, do not have the taste of light Yi. All the calligraphy and paintings collected in fanneifu are identified by experts, and they are good at identifying gold and stone. His works have been handed down to the present day, such as the painting of bamboo and stone. He is the author of the book "bamboo manual". Can poetry, there are "danqiushengji" edition.

Collecting hobbies

Ke Jiusi was not only a calligrapher, but also the most famous collector in Yuan Dynasty. All his life, he was a good cultural relic, a rich collector and a connoisseur. Huang Ting Neijing Jing, the original work of Jin people, was named "Yu Wen Tang" because of its room title. According to the literature records, Ke Jiusi collected a wide range of calligraphy and painting relics, ranging from Jin people's famous calligraphy to Yuan people's calligraphy and painting, as well as the three dynasties of Jinshi Dingyi. He traveled with the people of liberal arts, copied and watched famous paintings and calligraphy, from the "two kings" of Wei and Jin Dynasties to the famous calligraphy and painting of Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, song and Yuan Dynasties. All of them are carefully studied. Every time they see a good work, they try to figure it out again and again. They are easy to use in artistic creation. He deliberately compared himself with Mi Fu and managed miserably. At the age of 30, he "compared his collection of calligraphy and paintings with Mi's boat". He collected Cao'e stele, and the government and the public were amazed. Yu Ji praised him: "Jingzhong family has no such book, how can we learn from the world?" he went out and went to the government and the public to see the public and private collections, and gradually established a high prestige. Many scholars invited him to identify their collections.

Ke Jiusi's Lu Junzhi Huang Ji Fu postscript

In his early years, Ke Jiusi attached great importance to painting and calligraphy. At the age of 30, he "compared his collection of painting and calligraphy with the painting boats of the MI family", and became a great collector. He is a good calligrapher. He has collected some famous calligraphy books, such as Cao'e tablet, Dingwu Lanting five character lost edition, Huangting Neijing Jing Jing Jing, Yalou pill tie, Shenwei tie, Su Shi, Jingzhou tie, Jingzhou tie and Zhongyue life worship poem volume They were collected by Kirschner.

However, Ke Jiusi is more proficient in appreciation of famous paintings. He evaluates paintings with the eyes of calligraphers and painters, which is convincing. According to the existing data, the famous paintings collected by Ke Jiusi are quite impressive, and most of them are exquisite, such as the painting of reading steles by Legalists of Sui and Zheng dynasties, the painting of Ming emperor riding by Zhang Xuan of Tang Dynasty, the painting of double riding by Wei Yan, the painting of fairy in langyuan by Ruan Gao of Five Dynasties, and the painting of traveling in Xishan by people of Song Dynasty It includes the picture of Laozi, the painting of Ruisong in spring mountain by Mi Fu, the painting of four plum blossoms by Yang Wujiu, and the painting of three friends in winter by Zhao mengjian. Moreover, his collection is not only limited to the famous paintings of Tang and Song Dynasties, but also the works of the predecessors of Yuan Dynasty. For example, Zhao Ziang's Xiushi Shulin, Qiujiao Yinma, Ren Renfa's Erma, he Cheng's Guizhuang, Fang Congyi's huifangzhou and Cao Zhibai's Yuanshan Shulin are all in his collection. All these works are famous in the history of Chinese painting.

Like many great collectors, Ke Jiusi has many seals in his collection, such as "Ke Jiusi", "Ke Jingzhong", "Danqiu Ke jiusizhang", "Jingzhong Book seal", "Ke Zhenshang", "Ke's Secret collection", "Xunzhong's home" and so on; Ke's private seal "," Dan Qiusheng "," Ren Zhai "and so on; and" Yutang Ke Jiusi private seal "and" Hulu Zhu seal ". Most of the calligraphy and painting works with Coriolis seal on the seal are authentic works, and quite a few of them are fine works.

Appreciation of calligraphy and painting

The painting of ink and bamboo in Kaige of Qing Dynasty

The vertical axis is 132.8 cm in length and 58.5 cm in width. In this picture, two bamboo poles stand tall and straight according to the rock, with elegant bamboo grass beside the stone. The bamboo pages are written in the skimming style of calligraphy. The ink color is thick and moist, and the color is thick and light. The painting style is changed from the same style. The stone shawl is long, round and vigorous, with a sense of space and volume. The picture is elegant and beautiful, with high spirit and rhyme. It has a strong and refined spirit. It has become a school of its own among the masters of bamboo painting in the Yuan Dynasty.

This painting was painted by Ke Jiusi for Ni Zan, and "Qingmi Pavilion" is Ni Zan's zhaihao. According to the painting, on December 13, Wuyin of the Zhiyuan Dynasty stayed in the secret Pavilion of the Qing Dynasty. Because of this volume, the title of Danqiu was created. The lower seal "Ke Shi Jing Zhong"

Chinese PinYin : Ke Jiu Si