Hang Shijun

Hang Shijun

Hang Shijun (1695-1773) was a Confucian scholar, historian, litterateur and book collector in Qing Dynasty. It is a large-scale family with the name of Jinpu, Zhiguang Jushi, Qinting Laomin, Chunshui Laoren and Ajun. It is from Renhe (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).

Yongzheng two years (1724) Ju Ren, Qianlong first year (1736) Ju Hongbo, granted editor, official censor. In the eighth year of Qianlong reign (1743), he was interrogated by the emperor for the reason of shangshuyan. After his dismissal, he took care of his mother and read books. In 1751, Emperor Qianlong's rebellion was rehabilitated and the officials were restored to their original posts. In his later years, he taught in Guangdong Yuexiu academy and Jiangsu Yangzhou Academy.

Gongshu is good at writing plum, bamboo and landscape sketches, which are sparse and elegant. He was diligent and academic, and wrote many works, such as the collection of daogutang and rongguitang.

Life of the characters

Early promotion

Hang Shijun had a poor family since he was a child. He was diligent and studious. When he was young, he occasionally visited his friend's Library and saw the secret book of different articles. He sat there and wrote down the main points silently. His hard work can be seen. Wang QUXU's collection of daogutang said: "there is no lack of knowledge in her works, and her collection of books is no less than 100000 volumes. When she looked at it, she forgot the sundial Hang Shijun often borrowed books from others to read, and organized reading clubs with his fellow countrymen Liang Shizheng, SUN Hao and Yan Zaichang to discuss academic issues with each other. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), the candidates failed in the examination many times. In the ninth year of Yongzheng reign (1731), when he was in charge of compiling Zhejiang Tongzhi · Jingji Zhi, hang Shijun insisted on compiling the Zhi according to the facts. However, at that time, the website was very dense, and the government wanted to delete the words and sentences that violated the rules, so his request was rejected. Later, he was employed as the same examiner of Fujian provincial examination. Generally speaking, the examiners of the rural examination are all officials from Jinshi background. The fact that hang Shijun was able to act as an examiner in the capacity of Ju Ren is enough to show his great influence at that time. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), on the recommendation of Cheng Yuanzhang, governor of Zhejiang Province, hang Shijun obtained Bingchen's erudite Hongci, ranking fifth in the first class. He was given the post of editor of Hanlin academy, collating thirteen classics and twenty four histories of wuyingdian, and compiling Sanli Yishu.

straight talks invite disaster

In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, there was a long drought and no rain. Emperor Qianlong issued an imperial edict according to the law, asking for a straightforward statement and opening a royal censor examination. Hang Shijun thought that the emperor accepted remonstrance, so he rashly wrote a thousand words "current affairs policy", saying that "opinions should not be set up first, and regions should not be divided too much. There are only three or four meritocratic names in Manchuria. Compared with the Han people, the world's governors are still mixed between Manchu and Han, while the governor has no Han people? There are a lot of talents in the three rivers and two Zhejiang provinces. Today, the result is that the people who use the border provinces, regardless of their talents, regardless of their performance, regardless of their salaries. And those who have not been in tune for ten years are all from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Are they not in the field of opinions? " The main content is to accuse the court of bias in employing people. He believes that there are few Manchu people and many Han people in the world, but there is no Han people in the governors of all places; there are many talented people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but no one has been promoted in the government for many years. Although all his writings can hit the spot, the Qing Dynasty was ruled by Manchurian nobles, and there was always a mentality of guarding against the Han people. Hang Shijun just touched the most taboo issue of "Manchu Han region". Emperor Qianlong was furious and said, "the Manchu and the Han Dynasties are far away. They are all my ministers and workers. I will never discriminate against them. After a hundred years of state education, Manzhou has produced a large number of talented people. Why is it inferior to the Han people? " Hang Shijun was denounced as "playing recklessly with private interests" and was sentenced to death by the Ministry of punishment. Xu Ben, the Minister of punishment, tried his best to plead for hang Shijun, saying that "he was crazy. When he was a student, he talked about it for a long time." he kept kowtowing and his forehead was swollen. At last, hang Shijun returned home without death.

At the beginning of learning the news of "sin and misfortune", hang Shijun was attending a dinner party with his colleagues. Before hang Shijun recovered from his shock, the host had already made a response to drive hang Shijun out of the house, so as not to involve himself. Since then, those so-called colleagues have been avoiding him as if they were avoiding the God of pestilence Only Zheng Banqiao wrote a letter to express his sympathy for the book with hang Shijun: "you are from Hongbo. You are located in Tsinghua University. When you are like Ouyang Yongshu in Hanyuan, you should wash away your articles and be careful not to follow suit. We have known each other for many years, and we should be responsible for our friends. We should not take blasphemy as a crime. We hope to be in the same tune. The elder brother of Viola, Xie Dunshou. " At the beginning of his return, hang Shijun either kept his door closed and avoided enemies, or hesitated in the path of Wu mountain, which was very close to his home. But sometimes he would go backwards, swagger through the market, and chant poems loudly.

Home works

Hang Shijun is a man of straight character and is proud of his talent. He even had a debate with Fang Bao, the Minister of rites. He quoted the classics and refuted Fang Bao, who was always conceited of Confucian classics. I didn't care about the details of my life. I didn't like to read the di newspaper at that time (the di newspaper was an internal notice of the government at that time, and only people with a certain status could see it). He lived at home writing books or lecturing for 20 years. He did not even know that local people of his age had become senior government officials, such as bachelor, Minister and governor. Once, Liu Lun, the Secretary of the Ministry of official and assistant bachelor, went to Yangzhou anding academy to visit him. He asked Liu Lun, "what are you doing now?" Liu Lun replied, "to be honest, I have been a bachelor for many years." Hang Shijun was very surprised. In fact, besides giving lectures, hang Shijun spent all his time writing books. Although many of the people who passed the examination of "erudite Hongci" in the same year became senior officials, only he was sent home, but he wrote the most books among them. His more famous books are "two Zhejiang classics", "classics", "Rongcheng poetry", "Ci Ke Zhang Lu" and so on. At that time, hang Shijun's poems were even as famous as Li e's. he tasted the 24 poems of Fang Jingshi, which were read for a time in the capital.

In 1751, Emperor Qianlong's rebellion was rehabilitated and the officials were restored to their original posts. In his later years, he taught in Guangdong Yuexiu academy and Jiangsu Yangzhou Academy.

Literary achievements

Hang Shijun was diligent in learning all his life. Although he was famous for his poems, he was really good at history. He once built daogutang and bushisting, and wrote hundreds of volumes, including Zhushi Ranyi, textual research of historical records, Shuzheng of Han Dynasty, Buzhu of Three Kingdoms, buchuanzan of Jin Dynasty, Beishi Shilang, and supplemented Jin history. When he was in the court, he copied and compiled hundreds of volumes of the book of rites from Yongle Dadian to continue the book of Wei Zhengshu. Unfortunately, there are not many. In addition, there are 48 volumes of daogutang anthology, 26 volumes of daogutang anthology, textual research on Shijing, Xuyu dialect, Rongcheng Shihua, Liangzhe jingjizhi, Yiwenzhi of past dynasties, Jingshi query, wenxuankexu, rongguitang anthology, etc.

Library house

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), he was recommended by Cheng Yuanzhang, governor of Zhejiang Province. At the beginning of Qianlong's reign, he was invited to try and learn Hongci, and was taught to edit it. Wu YINGDIAN's thirteen classics and twenty-four histories were published by the school. After compiling Sanli Yishu, he became the censor. Zeng Chen said that "it is better for the imperial court to ignore the views of the Manchu and the Han Dynasties when appointing people." Qian Long was displeased and was dismissed from his hometown, so he devoted himself to Literature and writing. He is well versed in classics, history and CI. After Huang Zongxi, he took Quan Zuwang and hang Shijun as classics and historians. After being dismissed from office in his later years, he focused on East Guangdong and Yangzhou Academy. He became close friends with li e, Zhao Zhuan, Zhao Yu, Ding Jing and others to discuss various studies. He is well versed in learning and has a collection of 100000 volumes. After he was dismissed from office and returned home, he copied nothing with other book collection houses such as Zhenqi hall, Feihong hall and zhiinsuzhai. There is a library named "daogutang" and "bushisting", in which books are collected and written. "If there are any documents related to Zhongzhou, we will put them in the right place.". His bibliographic works include xujingjikao, Liangzhe jingjizhi and Yiwenzhi of the past dynasties. There are 15000 kinds of books. The book collection is printed with "Jinpu proofreading", "Chunshui old man" and so on. His works include textual research on Shijing, xuliji jishushushushushushuzhushi Ranyi, Xuyu dialect, Mengshi of Han Dynasty, supplementary notes to the annals of the Three Kingdoms, Rongcheng Shihua, jinshibiu, cikezhanglu, daogutang shiwenji, etc.

Anecdotes of characters

When Qianlong visited Hangzhou in the south, hang Shijun also took part in the drive. When Qianlong met him, he asked, "what do you live on?" Hang replied: "Chen Shijun opened a second-hand goods stall." The Emperor didn't understand and asked, "what does it mean to open a second-hand goods stall?" Hang explained: "display the scrap metal on the ground and sell it." The emperor laughed and wrote "buying and selling scrap metal" to him.

It is said that hang Shijun is honest and frank. At that time, when the world was in great drought, Qianlong specially opened "Yangcheng Mazhou branch" to test the Imperial Academy officials. It is intended to select talents and help him govern the country. In this paper, hang Shijun put forward the suggestion that "the imperial court should not use Manchu and Han as the line, but should eliminate the" Manchu and Han views ". "Although there are many talented people in Manchuria, they are three or four times more than the Han people. The governors of the world are often mixed, while the governors are not. Why is it that the interior is full and the exterior is Han? " He also said: "the three rivers and two Zhejiang provinces are the source of talents in the world, and there are few scholars in the border areas. Now it turns out that the people who use the border, regardless of their talent, performance and salary, are all from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province. Don't you have any opinions? " Speak sincerely.

As a matter of fact, it was Ye Gong who was good at governing the country when Emperor Qianlong started his studies. Once he really heard that he was "outspoken", he was furious: "those who are angry enough to get to the ground will look at it again.". It's said that people speak for him: he is a maniac. Qianlong then said: "this kind of crazy person, can only accept and sell scrap metal!" Hang Shijun left for Tianli. When he returned to Hangzhou, he set up a stall in the downtown area

"Accept and sell scrap copper and iron according to orders.". For a moment, there was a huge crowd.

According to records, Qianlong asked hang Shijun, "have you changed your temperament?" Shijun replied, "I'm too old to change." Qianlong asked:

Chinese PinYin : Hang Shi Jun4