Liu Ding
Liu Ding
Liu Ding (1902.1.8-1986.7.25) was originally named Kan Sijun, with the name of Zunmin. He used to be named Kan Zemin, Gan Zuoming, Dai Liang, etc. Nanxi County, the son of Kan Shun minister. Member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee, consultant of the Ministry of aviation industry (at ministerial level). The first president of North China University, known as China's military industry leader. Introduced by sun Bingwen and Zhu De, he joined the Communist Party of China in 1924. In 1924, he went to Germany to work and study, and served as the Secretary of the Youth League branch in Germany. In 1926, he transferred to the Soviet Union for further study. He graduated from Moscow Oriental University in 1928 and was transferred back to China in 1929. He served as deputy section chief of the second special section of the CPC Central Committee. He has been engaged in underground intelligence work for a long time and made great contributions to the Xi'an Incident. He is open and aboveboard, honest and upright, never cares about personal gains and losses, and does not put forward special requirements for his family members and children. After his death, he had nothing but precious spiritual wealth for his children.
Life of the characters
Liu Ding was born on January 8, 1902 in Nanxi County, Sichuan Province. At the age of 6, he studied in a private school in the county, and at the age of 10, he entered a primary school of higher education in the county. In 1917, he was admitted to the third middle school of Sichuan Province (located in Jiang'an county), and was recommended as the president of the student union in the second grade. Organize "labor groups" among students and advocate doing their own things. It also organized academic research association and business association to boycott Japanese products and fight against oil hatred. When he entered LIANLI middle school, he often read "New Youth" together with Guo Bohe, Xu Yunhua, Yang Hansheng, Li shuoxun and other students, and organized student union activities. In 1920, he was admitted to the Electrical Engineering Department of Zhejiang Provincial Institute of technology. He joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1923. In the spring of 1924, sun Bingwen, a revolutionary pioneer from Nanxi, went to work and study in Germany with Zhejiang Polytechnic University and went to Berlin University and Gottingen University. In the winter of the same year, introduced by sun Bingwen and Zhu De, he became a member of the Chinese Communist Party and served as the Secretary of the Youth League of the German branch of the general branch of the Chinese Communist Party in Europe. In 1926, he went to Moscow Oriental University of the Soviet Union from Germany to study the basic Marxist Leninist theories such as the history of the world revolution, the history of the Communist Party of China and the issue of Chinese revolution. Later, he joined Leningrad mechanical school and systematically studied aviation knowledge such as aircraft mechanics, aviation history and airflow. The following year, he served as a member of the general Party branch and Secretary of the Chinese branch of Dongfang University, a teacher of political common sense course and a military translator. In 1929, he was transferred back to China. In the second year, he served as deputy section chief and section chief of the second section of the Security Bureau of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, engaged in intelligence investigation. In October 1931, he was arrested for betraying and was held in Longhua prison. Later, he was detained in Nanjing prison. In September of the next year, he was released on bail by Kangze. In 1933, he was the organization director of the Political Department of Fujian Zhejiang Jiangxi Soviet Area and political commissar of the branch of the Red Army. Later, he was appointed by Fang Zhimin as the political commissar of the military factory. He personally developed and organized the production of the first artillery and its shells of the Red Army, improved the design of mines and the formula of black powder, created electric mine fuze for telephone ignition, and initiated the early ordnance industry of our party. In 1934, he went to the army with Fang Zhimin's Anti Japanese advance team. In May of the next year, he was ambushed by the enemy on the way to transfer and was arrested. He was sent to the military and judicial department of Nanchang and transferred to Jiujiang prisoner's camp. In the autumn of the same year, taking advantage of the opportunity of shopping on the street, he escaped from the camp and returned to Shanghai by boat. With the help of Smedley, he lived in seclusion at the home of New Zealand engineer Louis Ailey. In March 1936, introduced by Song Qingling and invited by Zhang Xueliang, Liu Ding went to Xi'an to systematically introduce the Anti Japanese national united front policy of the Communist Party of China to General Zhang Xueliang, which made Zhang Xueliang firm in his determination to unite the Communist Party against Japan and made preparations for Zhou Enlai's talks with Zhang Xueliang in Fushi (i.e. Yan'an). On April 9, Liu Ding attended the meeting between Zhou and Zhang Fushi, and was later appointed as the representative of the Communist Party of China in the Northeast Army (nominally the representative of the Northeast Anti Japanese volunteer army and the adjutant of Zhang Xueliang). He assisted Zhang Xueliang in educating the Northeast Army with the patriotic idea of uniting against Japan and strengthening the unity of the Northeast Army with the Red Army and the 17th Route Army. During his visit to Ansai in August, he personally reported to Chairman Mao about the situation of the Northeast Army. From the time after the Fushi talks to the time before the Xi'an Incident, Liu Ding sent four secret letters to the CPC Central Committee under the pseudonym of "Zesheng" in Luochuan, timely reporting Zhang Xueliang's ideological developments. After the "Xi'an Incident" broke out in December, the CPC Central Committee received Liu Ding's report at the first time. Liu Ding's information is of great value for the CPC Central Committee to grasp the "Xi'an Incident" and the internal situation of the Kuomintang, as well as the peaceful settlement of the "Xi'an Incident" in the future. During this period, Liu Ding worked all night under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, not only to protect the safety of the CPC delegation, but also to contact and coordinate the relations among all parties. On February 2, 1937, commander Wang Yizhe, who strongly advocated the Communist Party to resist Japan, was killed by some extremists in the Northeast Army, and the danger of civil war reappeared. Zhou Enlai basically ensured the great achievement of the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident through his hard and meticulous work. According to Zhou Enlai's instructions, Liu Ding properly dealt with the aftermath of the February 2 incident of the Northeast Army. Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out many times: "Comrade Liu Ding has made great contributions to the Xi'an Incident." In 1937, Liu Ding was entrusted by the party to establish the military technical school "Yan'an motorcycle school" in Yan'an, and served as the president. The next year, he served as the political teacher of the Central Party school, the political director of the fifth brigade of the Anti Japanese university, the leader and political commissar of the special science brigade. In 1940, Liu Ding was transferred to head of the Military Industry Department of the Eighth Route Army headquarters. Proceeding from the actual needs of the war, he solved a series of technical problems and made rapid development in the variety, quality and quantity of guns, guns and ammunition. With the approval of Peng Dehuai, Taihang Industrial School (now the predecessor of North China University) was founded in 1941 and concurrently served as president. It trained a large number of young technicians and prepared talents for the construction of national defense industry after the founding of the people's Republic of China. during the war of liberation, Liu Dingxian later served as deputy director of the Military Industry Bureau of the joint defense command of the Central Military Commission, deputy director of the Shanxi Chahar Hebei Industry Bureau, and deputy director of the North China enterprise department. He organized and led the establishment of new military bases, which made the production of shells develop rapidly, with an annual output of several hundred thousand rounds, and supported several major campaigns in North China. After liberation, Liu Ding was appointed Vice Minister of the Ministry of heavy industry and director of the General Administration of arms industry. Since the beginning of the first five year plan, Liu Ding has successively served as vice minister of the first, second and third Ministry of mechanical industry, President of Aeronautical Research Institute, consultant (ministerial level) of the Ministry of aeronautical industry, etc. He was elected as member of the first CPPCC National Committee, member of the fifth and sixth CPPCC Standing Committee, chairman and honorary chairman of the Chinese society of mechanical engineering, and consultant of the Chinese society of Ordnance Engineering. He devoted himself to the construction of socialist industry, gave full play to the advantages of military enterprises, developed the production of civil products, and organized the design and trial production of 10000 ton hydraulic press. He had the courage to open up and became the founder and important founder of China's military industry. Liu Ding was framed as a "traitor" and "secret agent" by Kang Sheng and others, and it was unwritten that he was "not allowed to be reused and not allowed to hold a principal position", and he was treated unfairly for many times. In particular, during the cultural revolution, he was held in prison for seven years, but he was determined to stay in prison. He even used toothpowder bags and straw paper. He wrote nearly 200000 words of technical summary and suggestions, without a word about personal honor or disgrace. In 1975, Mao Zedong approved his release from prison. After the "Cultural Revolution", Liu Dingjian resolutely supported the line, principles and policies since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Regardless of his age and infirmity, he worked hard and selflessly to accelerate the development of the aviation industry. At the same time, he led the compilation of the history of the "Xi'an Incident". In 1982 and 1986, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made two decisions, one after the other, to abolish the erroneous conclusion that had been imposed on Liu Ding for a long time, to completely rehabilitate him, and to completely restore Liu Ding's political honor. On July 25, 1986, Liu Ding died of illness in Beijing. On September 2 of the same year, party and state leaders Hu Yaobang, Xi Zhongxun, Yang Shangkun, Yao Yilin, Bo Yibo and song renqiong went to Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery to attend the farewell ceremony of Liu Ding.
Anecdotes and allusions
In 1933, he served as the director of military organization in Fujian Zhejiang Jiangxi Soviet Area and political commissar of the fifth branch of the Red Army. Later, at the request of Fang Zhimin, he served as political commissar of Yangyuan Arsenal. Under extremely difficult conditions, he organized and led the old workers to manufacture three 35mm small mortars and mortar shells to attack enemy blockhouses. In 1936, he served as the party representative of the Chinese Communist Party in the Northeast Army, carried out in-depth and effective ideological work for general Zhang Xueliang, and assisted Zhang Xueliang to educate the Northeast Army with the patriotic thought of uniting against Japan, which played an important role in the Anti Japanese national united front. After the "Xi'an Incident" broke out, the CPC Central Committee received Liu Ding's report at the first time. Liu Ding's information is of great value for the CPC Central Committee to grasp the "Xi'an Incident" and the internal situation of the Kuomintang, as well as the peaceful settlement of the "Xi'an Incident" in the future. Mao Zedong pointed out many times that "Comrade Liu Ding was meritorious in the Xi'an Incident.". He returned to Yan'an in 1937 and served as the leader of the special science brigade of the Anti Japanese military and Political University, responsible for training the communication technology talents of the Eighth Route Army. In May 1940, he was transferred to Southeast Shanxi to be the Minister of the Military Industry Department of the Eighth Route Army headquarters. After he arrived at the Ministry of military industry, through investigation and research, he combined the scientific and technological knowledge he learned abroad with the actual situation of the base areas, unified the specifications and quality standards of weapons, and improved the level of production. He personally designed the sketches of rifles, catapults and shells, and organized technicians and veteran workers to carry out repeated research and development. In Taihang Mountain, he created the batch production of Bayi type horse rifle, single shot short gun, 50 catapults, shells, bullets, propellants and high explosives, which ensured the needs of the army in combat. He also compiled the law on the manufacture and use of mines and the land use law
Chinese PinYin : Liu Ding
Liu Ding
