Qu you
Qu you
Qu you (1347-1433) wrote "you", which was named Zongji and cunzhai. Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), Shanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu), was a writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Yang Weizhen is famous for his poems. At the beginning of Hong Wu's reign, he was a teacher of the state and a magistrate of King Zhou's residence. During Yongle period, he was convicted of poetry and was banished to guard for ten years.
His works are gorgeous, including Xiangtai collection, Yuefu Yiyin and the legendary novel jiandeng Xinhua. For details of birth and death, please refer to the textual research of life and death in Ming Dynasty, Qu you and other four Ci poems
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Qu you was born in the Ming Dynasty. He was able to write poetry when he was young. He is quite famous and familiar with allusions. At the age of 14, Zhang Yanfu, his father's friend, asked him to write poems on chicken. You immediately blurted out: "Song Zong Chuang talks about high, five virtues are famous for colorful hair; since fan Zhang has great friendship, why use ox knife to cut and cook." The four poems point out the allusions of four chickens respectively, and the rhyme is neat. Zhang clapped his hands, which made his poem famous. At that time, the famous poet Yang Weizhen went to Qiantang. At the age of 14, Qu you saw Yang's "eight topics of Xianglian". He improvised and wrote a lot of beautiful words. He was appreciated by Yang Weizhen and left with his manuscript. Qu you and the local literati Ling Yunhan are also friends. Ling Yunhan once wrote 100 poems on plum blossoms, namely "frost day and dawn corner", and 100 poems on willows, namely "plum blossoms and willows fighting for spring". Qu you made up all of them in one day. Ling Yunhan was amazed and called Qu you "little friend".
During the Hongwu Period, he was recommended by the Gongshi to teach Renhe. He served successively as a teacher in Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, and a teacher in Yiyang, Henan Province. Later, he was promoted to the chief historian of zhouwangfu. In Yongle years, he was banished to Baoan (now Huairou, Hebei Province) for ten years because he was convicted of writing poems. In the first year of Hongxi's reign (1425), British public Zhang fuzuo asked for amnesty. He first presided over a family school in the British public for three years, then returned to his original post, worked in the cabinet, and then returned to his hometown. He spent many years as a writer. He died in 1433.
Qu you was versatile, but he never met him in exile. He was depressed and failed to succeed. His works include more than 20 kinds, such as collection of poems of cunzhai, comments on Wen Shi, collection of Xiangtai, poems of chanting things, manuscript of cunzhai, Yiyin of Yuefu, comments on poems of Guitian, new comments on jiandeng and complete collection of music.
Brief introduction of works
Qu you lived in the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He experienced the cruelty of the rulers of Yuan Dynasty and the social turmoil, and he had a more direct feeling about the literary prohibition which arose from the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang's attempt to put an end to the literati's criticism of current affairs. For example, after the completion of Jian Deng Xin Hua, he did not dare to publish it, and even covered it up with such words as "obscenity" and "strange language", which laid a foundation for his life and thought. Before the severe criminal law in the early Ming Dynasty, in order to avoid direct conflict with the rulers, the literati pursued the people of Tang Dynasty and expressed their thoughts by writing romance novels about girlfriends and ghosts. It is under this historical condition that Jian Deng Xin Hua came into being.
Jian Deng Xin Hua is a collection of Legendary Novels. It mainly narrates the stories of ghosts and amorous feelings. Because of the author's clear purpose of "persuading good and punishing evil" (preface to Jian Deng Xin Hua), most of the stories are full of the preaching of karma, with a strong color of superstition. A few of them express young men and women's desire for independent marriage, which reflects the unfortunate experience of the people brought by the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. For example, in the biography of Cuicui, Jin Ding and Liu Cuicui were originally a loving couple who chose their own marriage and lived a happy life, but the war broke them up, making Liu Cuicui the favorite concubine of General Li. In order to visit his wife, Jin Ding prepared for danger and went camping at night. When he arrived at General Li, he could only recognize him as his brother and sister, and finally died of their love. The story is more sad and moving. There are also a few works which, though preaching karma throughout the chapter, expose the darkness of feudal society to varying degrees. For example, Xiuwen Sheren Zhuan, through the comparison between the underworld and the Yangshi, shows that the corruption of the officials in the world "can be bribed, can be promoted by family status, can be overcharged by appearance, and can be hunted by false name". It also shows the yearning for the "must be their talents, must be their duties" of the Ming Si. The lines between the words reveal the author's satire of reality. Another example is the story of the man in green, which criticizes the cruel and cruel crime of Quan Xiang Jia Sidao through the female ghost's accusation, and also reflects the tragic fate of the concubines of the high-ranking officials in feudal society. The plot of many stories in the book is more tortuous, and the writing style is also clear and fresh, which has a certain artistic appeal. However, in order to show his talent and learning, the author sometimes wrote a lot of poems, which destroyed the structure of the legendary novels.
The achievement of Jian Deng Xin Hua is not too high, but it, together with Jian Deng Yu Hua, MI Deng Yin Hua and other Legendary Novels of Ming Dynasty, inherits Yu Xu of Tang and Song Dynasties' legends, and opens the precedent of Liao Zhai Zhi Yi, so it has a certain position in the development history of Chinese classical novels. Moreover, the plot of "Jian Deng Xin Hua" is helpful to the discussion and provides a lot of materials for the Ming Dynasty's imitative script and opera. Jin Feng Chai Ji, Cui Cui Zhuan and San Shan Fu Di Zhi were rewritten by Ling Mengchu and included in Er Ke Pai An Qi; Ji Mei Ji was rewritten by Zhou Deqing and included in Xi Hu Er Ji; Jin Feng Chai Ji was also adapted by Shen Jing into the opera falling Chai Ji; Zhou Chaojun's Opera Hong Mei Ji adopted some plots of the story of the man in green.
In the 11th year of Hongwu Period, Jian Deng Xin Hua had been compiled and became popular as a copy. In the 15th year of Yongle, Qu you, at the age of 75, revised the new story of cutting lanterns at the security guard of the exile. According to the records in Volume 6 of Bai Chuan Shu Zhi written by Gao Ru of Ming Dynasty, there are four volumes and twenty-one paragraphs (i.e. 21 chapters) in Jian Deng Xin Hua, which is the same as the number of chapters in Jian Deng Xin Hua. There are two volumes of this book, including Chenghua Dinghai (1467) edition, late Ming Dynasty edition, Qing Qianlong Xinhai (1791) edition and Tongzhi Xinwei (1871) edition. In 1917, Dong Kang reprinted it according to the Japanese version, and the full version of Jian Deng Xin Hua returned to China.
"Jian Deng Xin Hua" has not been circulated in China for a long time. There are four volumes of jiandeng Xinhua and one volume of appendix in Baichuan Shuzhi written by Ming gaoru. There are only two volumes of "Jian Deng Xin Hua" in "Jian Deng Cong Hua" published in Tongzhi years. However, in Japan, there are movable type books published by Qing Chang and Yuan He Jian, with the most complete number of articles. Dong Kang recited and engraved them accordingly. In 1957, the classical literature press published a revised and annotated edition of Zhou Lingjia (signed by Zhou Yi), which consists of four volumes, 20 articles and two appendices. In the appendix, Ji Mei Ji was added by Zhou Lengjia according to the book collection of ancient and modern books - Gui Yuan Dian.
Characteristics of poetry
Most of Qu you's poems are also works with beautiful customs, such as "an Rong Mei Ren Xing", "Mei Ren Mei thrush song", "a Jiao Jin Wu", "Shi Shi Tan ban" and so on. They are all poems with beautiful organization and similar to Wen Tingyun's style, which Express soft, familiar and frivolous feelings. However, some of his poems about ancient times are also popular. Chen Tian once called them "the most vigilant" works (Volume 13 of the chronicle of Ming poetry b). At the end of the Palace Museum, the poet said, "who is responsible for the rise and fall of the past, and who is worried about the soul of Tingting white tower.". Only xialingtoushu, which still talks about the tomb of the king of Yue, expresses the feeling and sigh of condemning those who have wronged the country. In tihejing tomb, he expresses his respect for Lin Hejing's self-care and seclusion in the West Lake, which has another deep meaning. In addition, Qu you has three volumes of Guitian Shihua, similar to notes. This book seems to have been written by the guards of the Garrison when they were staying in the garrison. Among them, the works of Yang Weizhen and Ding he, who were recorded at that time, are of great data value, but the findings are shallow and the textual research is also sparse.
Qu you is also good at CI. Most of his ci works depict scenery with fresh air. For example, Su Di Chun Xiao highlights the scene of "the wind is gradually smooth, suddenly listening, and the sound of the hammer startles the shaou formation" under the background of "Su Di Chun Xiao is ten li long, and the mountains are empty and hard to recognize". It is quite poetic and has a certain position in the Ci of the Ming Dynasty.
Qu you also imitated the style of Tang Shi Gu Gu of Yuan Yishan and compiled Gu Gu Xu Yin, which is divided into 12 volumes, taking 1200 seven rhythms of song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In compiling this book, he noticed that it was improper for people to live in the Tang Dynasty and belittle the Song Dynasty. He thought that the poems of the Tang and Song dynasties had their own strong points. But the book was not published.
The cause of the crime
When Qu you was exiled outside the Great Wall was unknown to the predecessors. According to the "self Annotation" in the poem "Zhiwu Dingqiao" in "Yuequan manuscript · Yuequan poetry anthology" collected by Qu you in the Japanese cabinet library, Mr. Li Qing said: "in April of the sixth year of Yongle, he went to Zhoufu to Beijing and detained the royal guards. Since the beginning of Bianliang, twelve members of a small family have been living in houses for twenty-one years, which is believed to be the April of the sixth year of Yongle (1408) of the Ming Dynasty.
As for the reason for Qu you's demotion, the victim kept it a secret. He just said, "I'd like to ask you, Mr. Hong Xiyi, to return him from outside the pass. That is to say, I'll stay in yuexifu. Now for three years, I've been asked by Mr. Jian, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs of the young master, to return home in old age." "When he was banished from his crime, he was alone, and he was separated from his wife for more than ten years. Zhao Gong, commander Gao Gong, Feng Gong, Chief Secretary Zheng Gong, and his neighbors all advised them to take concubines Although the words are full of resentment, they don't say a word about the truth of the crime. However, there are different opinions on this by predecessors. The following two opinions are more representative. One is Lang Ying's "seven kinds of drafts", which says: "fan Ping once did. He failed to do his duty by tutoring, and was a member of the royal guards." First, as Jiang Yikui's Yao Shan Tang waiji said: "to manage the security by writing poems." In addition, there are other statements, which are similar to this. In fact, these two statements can be unified.
In the second volume of Qu Youzhi's "notes on returning to the field of poetry" and "poems in prison", it is said that "in the time of eternal happiness, the brocade will be closed."
Chinese PinYin : Qu You
Qu you
