Yang Jian

Yang Jian

Yang Jian (February 10, 1141 - April 21, 1226), a scholar of Southern Song Dynasty, was a native of Cixi (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). After returning home, he lived in Derun Lake (renamed Cihu), known as Mr. Cihu.

When he was young, he studied in Taixue and became a Jinshi in the fifth year of Qiandao (1169). When Lu Jiuyuan came to Fuyang, he worshipped Lu as his teacher. He successively served as magistrate of Leping County, magistrate of Wenzhou and other local officials. At last, he became a scholar of baomoge. He was awarded the title of Cixi County male. His posthumous title is Wenyuan.

There are 18 volumes of Cihu Yishu and 2 volumes of sequel, 20 volumes of Cihu Shizhuan, 20 volumes of Yang's Yizhuan and wugaojie.

Life of the characters

Song Mingzhou Cixi County (now belongs to Cicheng Town, Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province) people, the word Jingzhong, known as Mr. Cihu. Yang Tingxian. Xiaozong Qiandao five years (1169) Jinshi. Fuyang master book, as the school, teaching students. At that time, Lu Jiuyuan passed Fuyang, indicating his mind learning. Although Lu was only two years older than him, he still saluted Lu Zhi. Later transferred to Shaoxing Prefecture secretary. In the fifth year of Shaoxi's reign (1194), he was a doctor of Guozi. He was denounced after the ban of the party in Qingyuan. He lived for 14 years and wrote books and lectures. Ningzong resumed his post in the first year of Jiading (1208), and successively served as secretary Lang, author Zuo Lang, editor and reviewer of the Academy of national history. Later, when he came to Wenzhou, he was honest and thrifty. He was the first to abolish the prostitute's status, and loved honesty and thrift for the people. The emperor's house blocked the river and ordered him to withdraw. The people called "Yanggong River". In his later years, he lived on the Bank of neiyue Lake in Yin County, where he set up a lecture hall. In the first year of Baoqing (1225), he was awarded the title of Cixi County male by baomoge direct bachelor and Taizhong doctor. He died in March of the next year at the age of 86. His posthumous title was Wenyuan. His works include CI Hu Shi Zhuan, Yang Shi Yi Zhuan, Xian Sheng Da Xun, Wu Gao Jie and CI Hu Yi Shu. It is one of the "four gentlemen of Chunxi" in history. Yang Jianshi, a teacher of Lu Jiuyuan, developed the theory of mind. He advocated that "no intention", "no thought" and "no care" are called the mind of Tao. He believed that "the heaven and the earth are my heaven and the earth, and it is not other things that change me". He said that the change of the universe is the change of the mind. And promote the view that "people's mind is self-evident, people's mind is self spiritual".

Academic thought

Yang Jian inherited and developed Lu Jiuyuan's ethical thought of mind learning, eliminated the "burden of inheritance" which was not consistent with his system of mind learning, and made it thorough. It holds that "heaven is the image of my nature; earth is the shape of my nature.". Therefore, it is said that "forming images in the sky and forming in the earth" are all what I do "(Cihu's posthumous letter, family record 1, Jiyi). "The characters of heaven and earth are all in my life, and the changes of the characters of heaven and earth are the changes of my nature" (preface to the interpretation of the book of changes). Starting from this solipsistic world view, the "heart" is regarded as the root of heaven and earth and the foundation of all things. It is believed that "the heart is self-evident and self spiritual" (JUE Si Ji, Cihu posthumous book, Volume 2), "the heart is good and self righteous, and the heart is Tao, so it is called the heart of Tao" (Jiang Zhong Zi, Cihu Shizhuan, Volume 6). This is the origin and essence of ethics. "The king, the minister, the father, the son, the husband, the wife, the heart of the Tao is firm and self-contained" (in the book of changes, Volume 13 of Yang's Yi Zhuan), and based on this interpretation of the book of changes, it is believed that "the one who changes is self-contained, not others.". "Yuan Heng Li Zhen, my four virtues The name of my beginning is yuan, which is also called benevolence; the name of my mastery is Heng, which is also called Li; the name of my benefit is Li, which is also called righteousness; the name of my righteousness is Zhen, which is also called Gu "(Cihu Jiyi). In a word, the four virtues of benevolence, propriety, righteousness and solidity are just the development and expression of "I". "His awareness is called benevolence, his propriety is called righteousness, his performance is called propriety, his brightness is called wisdom, his lethargy is called foolishness, his falsehood is called falsehood, his gain is called auspiciousness, his loss is called ferocity, his mending is called no blame, his happiness is called joy, his sorrow is called sorrow, his regret is not regret, his meanness is not mean, his meanness is not partial, his non evil is right, his doing is holy, and his not doing is virtuous ”(Cihu's posthumous letter, family record I, Jiyi). The author thinks that human moral consciousness, moral quality, moral level and human perfection are all determined by my heart. Yang Jian inherits the theory of good nature, and holds that "the heart of the people is upright, and then faints, but not faints" (preface to the interpretation of poetry and Cihu posthumous book, Volume I). "People are good, can be Yao and Shun, special move meaning, then evil" (Xiang Ji Xu, ditto). He abandoned Lu Jiuyuan's view that "evil" was caused by "the influence of Qi, the cover of things, the change of potential, and the change of habits" (Volume 19 of Wuling County academic records and Xiangshan complete works), and attributed the source of confusion and evil to pure subjective "intention" and thinking. "What is meaning? Micro rise and micro stop are all called meaning. It shows interest, right and wrong, advance and retreat, and disobey. The difference between "heart" and "meaning" lies in that "straight is the heart, branch is the meaning, general is the heart, resistance is the meaning" (JUE Si Ji, Cihu posthumous book, Volume 2). Yang Jian disagrees with Lu Jiuyuan's cultivation methods of "inventing the original mind" such as "cleaning up the spirit" and "peeling off". She thinks that this kind of forced effort of clearing the mind, washing the heart and rectifying the heart is not only useless, but also harmful. To this end, it is necessary to achieve "absolute four" and reverse. He said: "everyone has the nature of the most spiritual and wise, and the vast number of sages. They don't seek from others, they don't get from others, they are from the root, they are from God. The meaning of micro life is not clear. It is necessary to cover it. There is a solid Yan, so cover it. There is me, so cover it. This is the reason why we are so confused "(Volume 2 of Jue Si Ji and CI Hu Yi Shu). Among the four, the most important thing is to keep the mind in its original state. "Thoughtlessness is the heart of Tao" ("Yan", "Yang Yi Zhuan" Volume 13); "straight heart, honest, what to think? If you think about it slightly, you will support and leave "(Jing, ditto, Vol. 16)," if you are like a fool, you can cultivate your righteousness and do your holy work "(Wu Xue's lecture notes, Cihu's posthumous book, Vol. 5). "If there is no knowledge, the sage knows the truth, and the sage knows nothing." However, the way of sages is not wisdom or things, so those who seek the way of sages can not know it until they know it "(the same as above in the second part of the Analects of Confucius, Volume 11). But Jue "Yi" is not an absolute inaction. "If you don't intend to do something, you can't do it unless you mean it; if you do something reasonably, you can't do it if you want to do it privately" (Jia Ji 7. On the doctrine of the mean, Vol. 13). "It's not a matter of wood and stone to be immovable, it's not a matter of Zhongzheng's normal and upright heart, it's not a matter of loyalty and obedience, and it's not a matter of music" (Weitian's destiny, Cihu Shizhuan, Volume 18). In fact, "Wu Yi" is to make the feudal ethical and moral character as natural as the physiological instinct. the so-called "reflection" means "re thinking" and self reflection. To experience Tao in a straight way. He thought hard for more than ten years. "He always believed that this heart is the way. He deeply thought that there were many people outside, and there were different views. On the other hand, if you suddenly recognize this heart, it means that the Tao is in me "(Lu, Volume 5 of the biography of Yang Shi Yi). Yang Jian attached great importance to moral practice and practiced feudal ethics. It holds that "the only way for saints to hide themselves is to use rites" (the eighth volume of the book of changes of the Yangs). And there is "the heart of not daring to offend etiquette, that is, the heart of being upright and the heart of being Taoist" (Volume I of Han Guang and CI Hu Shi Zhuan). Yuan Mengzhai: "notes on Yueping Wenyuan '. Although the summary of Siku Quanshu points out that his learning "comes from Zen", he also affirms that his behavior "is a right person" (volume 160 of Siku Quanshu Zongmu). He was even praised by Zhu Xi for his way of life: "the gate of Zijing, such as Yang Jian's, is very impressive" (Zhu Zi Yu Lei, volume 124). As an honest and upright official, he is always moving by virtue and pleasing to the people.

Historical records

As the manager of Shaoxing government, he must come to the prison in person. He will listen quietly and confide in himself. With the capital of Yue and the government of Taiwan standing at the same time, the bamboo slips are flat and reasonable. A history of the government offended the commander, and ordered him to be innocent. He ordered him to be innocent. He said: "if an official passes through Chen, he will be free. Today, he is innocent. He will not dare to obey his orders." Shuai is so angry that he can tell his body to accept it and fight for more strength. Zhu Xi, the envoy of Changping, recommended it. First of all, Shi Hao, the prime minister, gave a brief recommendation and sent him to Fugan in Western Zhejiang, while Bai Yin and Zhang Wen, the prime minister, should not be worried because of the bad age. He ordered Jian to supervise the three generals, and then he sent Zhuge Liang out to study the art of war, to overhaul the military and government, and to make all the people happy. He changed his knowledge to Shengxian county. Ding Wai Chien, Fu Chu, knew Leping County, was a scholar of running a school. When all the students heard his words, they cried. Yang and Shi, who had done harm to the people, were simply put in prison. They were told of their misfortunes and blessings and were willing to redeem themselves. So the people of the city are ashamed of litigation. There are no burglars at night, and there are no footprints. In the fifth year of Shaoxi's reign, he was called as a doctor of Guozi. Two young Marshal county people with out of the country, called "father Yang.". He denounced Zhao Ruyu, the prime minister, and offered sacrifices to Li Xiangkang and Zhang Bianzhi. He wrote: "yesterday, the people were in danger, the army and the people would be in disorder, and the country would be in danger. If you are a fool, you will be in danger of death. If your human relationship is settled, your loyalty is known to your majesty. It is not necessary to make a deep analysis. If you forget your righteousness at the sight of profit, and forget your righteousness at the fear of harm, you will be shamed. " Not long ago, he was also denounced for advocating Taoism. He will be appointed again and transferred to chaofenglang. In the fourth year of Jiatai reign, he was granted the silver fish in Fei's clothes and sent to Sanlang in the dynasty. He was in charge of Xiandu temple. In the first year of Jiading, ningzong genghua was granted Secretary Lang, then transferred to the imperial court to invite Lang, and moved to be Secretary of the province. Zuo Lang was also a military officer. Turning to the right, he spoke highly of the importance of governing the country and the way to eliminate disasters. He recited it in the north and wept for it. In the imperial edict, the grasshoppers were asked to speak frankly. In a word, the grasshoppers were granted official duties. It was close to the heart of the people to say that the grasshoppers were fundamental. He is also the official of kaogonglang and the Ministry of rites

Chinese PinYin : Yang Jian