Shanqi

Aixinjueluo Shanqi

Aixinjueluo Shanqi

(March 15, 1866 - March 14, 1922)

AI Tang

, No

I am the owner of the pavilion

. Manchuria white flag inlaid people, late Qing Dynasty noble ministers, one of the twelve iron hat king of the Qing Dynasty. The eldest son of emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty is the descendant of Prince suwu, and the father of Fangzi, a female spy. Born in Beijing in the fifth year of Tongzhi, he was first appointed as a second-class auxiliary general. After his father LongQin died in the 25th year of Guangxu, Shanqi was granted the title of Prince su. After that, he successively served as bodyguard, deputy commander, Minister of civil affairs, Minister of civil affairs, and Minister of Li Fan. He was one of the builders of China's modern police system.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Shanqi was in favor of the constitutional movement and was exempt from the death penalty of Wang Zhaoming, who assassinated the Regent. After the revolution of 1911, as the backbone of the clan party, he refused to sign the abdication edict of the Qing emperor, and then fled to Lushun, which was occupied by Japan. He twice launched the Manchu Mongolian independence movement, which ended in failure. In 1922, he died in Lushun. At the age of 56, he was transported back to the cemetery of Prince Su in Beijing for burial. Puyi's posthumous title“

Loyalty

”, full name

Prince Suzhong

.

Life of the characters

Inherit from Wang Jue

Shanqi was born in 1866, the fifth year of Tongzhi. He was the tenth generation direct grandson of Prince Su HAOGE, the eldest son of emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty. His grandfather was Hua Feng, and his posthumous title was Ke. His father, Long Qin, was an official to the interior minister. Shanqi was a martial artist since he was a child. It is said that he once captured the pistols of foreign hooligans empty handed.

Guangxu 13 years (1887), second-class Zhenguo general. Guangxu 25 years (1899), attack Su prince. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Allied forces of eight countries invaded Beijing. Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi fled from Beijing and arrived at the University. At the same time, Cixi ordered Shanqi to return to Beijing to celebrate with Prince Yi Zhe and bachelor Li Hongzhang to deal with the aftermath. Not long after Shanqi returned to Beijing, he met Kawashima langsu, a translator in the Japanese army. They hated to see each other, and later they paid homage to their brothers. With the support of Kawashima langsu and others, Shanqi formed a patrol team according to the Japanese police law and the current situation of Beijing (this is the origin of Beijing police in the future).

In the change of gengzi, Suqin palace was completely burned down by the Allied forces of eight countries. In order to compensate for the loss of Suqin palace, the imperial court compensated Shanqi for Chongwenmen's supervision. Chongwenmen supervisor was the general manager of Taxation in the capital of Qing Dynasty. He was in charge of Chongwen State Administration of Taxation and 23 branch bureaus. He was responsible for collecting all kinds of goods taxes in and out of the capital. He was a fat man that everyone coveted. Because of the intention of compensation, the court stipulated that the tax paid should be reduced from 300000 Liang over the years to 120000 Liang, and the rest could be paid by Shanqi as much as possible. But Shanqi didn't get it. At the beginning of taking office, he took drastic measures to rectify the officials and strictly prohibited corruption and bribery. In less than a year, Chongwenmen supervised the collection of more than 600000 taels of taxes after deducting expenses. Shanqi did not leave one or two of them, and turned them over to the state treasury in full. In the past, foreigners did not pay taxes when they brought goods to Beijing, so they paid taxes as a whole. In the past, businessmen paid taxes by economic men when they entered the customs, from which they drew profits. Instead, officials directly inspected the goods and collected taxes, which reduced the link of exploitation. Shanqi's action virtually pushed him to the opposite of some powerful people. Before long, he was impeached and dismissed by Prince Yizhe.

Determined to reform

In April of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Shanqi was appointed as the Minister of management affairs of the General Administration of industry and patrol again. During his one year and eight months in office, Shanqi was determined to innovate and left a lot of achievements that can be recorded in history. One of them is the renovation of Wangfujing Street. Before the year of gengzi, the roads around Wangfujing were very narrow and uneven. On sunny days, they were covered with ashes, and on rainy days, there were few shops on both sides of the street. After the signing of xinchou treaty, dongjiaomin lane at the south entrance of Wangfujing became the embassy area. In view of the increasing number of foreigners coming in and out of the area, Shanqi soon realized the great potential commercial value of the area. At the request of him, in February 1903, Dong'an Market was built in the east of Wangfujing Street. Then, many shops, large and small, appeared one after another, and the street was expanded and renovated. At that time, the capital took on a new look. Shanqi also ordered the opening of a theater called "civilized tea house" in the mouth of Xizhu City, with women's seats upstairs and men's seats downstairs. The ban on women's access to the theater was abolished, and it was widely spread in Beijing, the capital of the city.

During the inspection of Shanqi Management Bureau, a notice in vernacular was issued to prohibit the setting off of firecrackers, in which the words such as "it's the end of the year, the weather is dry, and the people need to pay close attention to setting off firecrackers" are no different from those in today's notice. This event has aroused the attention of Beijing Daily, which believes that Shanqi's move has undoubtedly promoted the popularization of vernacular. Besides the General Administration of industry and patrol, Shanqi set up three branches in China, the East and the west, and set up a new police organization. As Minister of the Ministry of civil affairs, Shanqi carried out the construction of police administration, household registration, health, municipal administration and so on throughout the country. Xu Shiying, who was the interior chief of the Beiyang government and the governor of Anhui Province, was in charge of public security in the capital under Shanqi. Once, Fu Jin of Shanqi didn't obey the traffic rules, so Xu Shiying ordered him to pay a fine of ten yuan. However, Xu Shiying's action was not only not found guilty, but also appreciated by Shanqi.

However, Shanqi's reform measures were not recognized at that time. Finally, when he proposed to abolish the governor's office, he was resisted and opposed by the obstinate conservatives. He instigated more than 20000 officers and soldiers of the governor's office to complain to Prince Qing, and Shanqi was dismissed again.

Release the assassin

In 1910, Wang Jingwei secretly came to Beijing to plot to assassinate zaifeng, Puyi's father and Regent of the Qing Dynasty. Wang Jingwei was arrested when he failed to assassinate. The court ordered Shanqi to be responsible for hearing the case. During the trial, Shanqi saw Wang Jingwei's manuscripts "the trend of revolution", "the determination of revolution" and "farewell to comrades". He was filled with emotion, so he wanted not to kill them. In addition, Shanqi had a premonition that the rule of the Qing Dynasty was in danger. He thought that it was useless to kill a few revolutionaries at this time, so it was better to deal with them by gentle means. Under his urging, Wang Jingwei was given a lighter punishment and was sentenced to eternal imprisonment for the charge of "misunderstanding the policy of the imperial court". Soon, he was released again.

During Wang Jingwei's imprisonment, Shanqi visited him many times, hoping to take the opportunity to do Wang's ideological work for his own use. But as a result, their conversation was like a debate contest every time. They were equally matched, and no one could persuade anyone. In private, Shanqi said half jokingly and half seriously: "if I had not been born in the royal family, I would have joined the revolutionary party to rebel against the imperial court." Wang Jingwei also had admiration for his elegant and farsighted speech, which was beyond the ordinary dull and incompetent officials. Later, when people asked about Wang Jingwei's impression of Shanqi, Wang only commented: "a great politician.".

In October of the third year of Xuantong (1911), Zhang Shaozeng and LAN Tianwei launched a "military admonition" in luanzhou. The Qing government was forced to issue an imperial edict, announcing the lifting of the party ban and the amnesty of state criminals. Taking this opportunity, Shanqi suggested that the Qing government release Wang Jingwei.

Forming a clan party

In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out and the rule of the Qing Dynasty collapsed. On January 12, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China, Shanqi, Liangbi, Puwei, Tieliang and other organizations were organized“

Council for the maintenance of constitutional monarchy

”On January 19, the clan Party issued a manifesto to depose Yuan Shikai and form a "wartime Royal cabinet", with tie Liang as commander-in-chief to organize a decisive battle between the army loyal to the Qing Dynasty and the revolutionary army. On January 17, the Qing court held a meeting to discuss Puyi's abdication, but the imperial family Puwei strongly opposed it. On January 26, Liang bi was wounded by Peng Jiazhen, a member of the revolutionary party, and died two days later.

In February of the same year, Puyi abdicated and the Qing Dynasty perished. Encouraged by the wave speed of Kawashima, Shanqi and his family fled to Lushun on February 6 to continue their efforts to restore the Qing Dynasty. When he came to Lushun, Shanqi devoted himself wholeheartedly to the Japanese and advocated "Sino Japanese support". In July, when the Meiji emperor of Japan died and held a great funeral, he took the honor of the nobles of the Qing Dynasty, dressed in mourning clothes and fasted for three days.

On New Year's day in 1914, Emperor Taisho of Japan ascended the throne. He braved the bitter cold wind to mount Baiyushan in Lushun to pay homage to the souls of Japanese soldiers who invaded China. In order to get closer to Kawashima's wave speed, he also gave his youngest daughter, Jin Bihui, a six-year-old girl, to Kawashima as his adopted daughter. Whenever Kawashima comes to visit, he will lead his family to wait in line at the door, go up to embrace and greet them in person, and let the youngest side concubine drink with Kawashima.

Map restoration

In June 1912, Shanqi began to organize the "King Qin army" to cooperate with the "Manchu Mongolian independence movement" instigated by the Japanese government. For the first time, Shanqi was going to set up on September 20, 1912, the first year of the Republic of China. He disguised a large number of arms purchased as farm tools and transported them from Gongzhuling to Inner Mongolia. However, when the ammunition arrived near Zhengjiatun, it was intercepted by Wu Junsheng's army and all 47 carts were seized. The first "Manchu Mongolian independence movement" died in this way.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), Yuan Shikai became emperor. Shanqi thought that the time was ripe for restoration, and began to carry out intensive activities. His plan is: the army of Qianshan in Liaoning Province will light the fire of Yuan Fenghuo, join hands with the Mongolian army of babuzab to win Beijing, and build a great kingdom "including inner and Outer Mongolia, Manchuria and North China"

Chinese PinYin : Shan Qi