Du Hongjian

Du Hongjian

Du Hongjian (709-769) was born in Puyang, Puzhou (now Puyang, Henan). He was the Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, the son of Du Pengju, governor of Anzhou, and the nephew of Du Xian, Minister of rites.

Du Hongjian was born in the Du family of Puyang. From then on, yanwang (Li Fen) joined the army, moved to Dali, and took up the post of Shuofang army. During the an Shi rebellion, he took part in the support of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty, and gave him the title of doctor of the Ministry of war. He successively served as the Minister of the Ministry of war, the Jiedushi of Hexi and Jingnan, and became the Youcheng of Shangshu, the Minister of the Ministry of Li, and the Minister of Taichang. He was responsible for the construction of the tailing mausoleum and Jianling mausoleum, and granted the titles of doctor Guanglu and Duke Wei. In the second year of Guangde (764), he paid homage to Zhongshu Shilang and Tongping Zhangshi. In the first year of Dali (766), he went out of Xichuan and served as the governor of Xichuan in Jiannan. He pacified Cui's rebellion and carried out the policy of appeasement. In the second year of Dali (767), he became a servant.

In the fourth year of Dali (769), he died of illness. He was sixty-one years old. He was posthumously named Wenxian and was awarded to Taiwei.

Life of the characters

Early experience

When he was young, Du Hongjian was quick to understand and eager to learn. Later, he won the entrance examination and was first given the title of joining the army in Prince Yan's residence. In the last years of Tianbao, Du Hongjian moved to Dali to serve as deputy envoy of Shuofang army.

Welcome suzong

In the first year of Zhide (756), an Shi rebels invaded Chang'an. Emperor Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in the west, while Prince Li Heng went to Pingliang in the north. Du Hongjian discussed with Wei Shaoyou, Cui Yi, Lu Jianjin, Li Han and other members of Shuofang's Army: "Pingliang is not a place to gather troops. If you want to win, you must go to Shuofang. If we take the crown prince as the main force, gather the troops from Helong to join Huihe, and at the same time call up the northern force to ride, and go down to the south to pacify the chaos, we can recover the second capital, shame the country, report to the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and put the people in peace. " Du hung Chien then drafted a statement of Shuofang army's military strength and sent Li Han to Pingliang. Li Heng was overjoyed and decided to go to Shuofang.

Before long, Du Hongjian went to baicaotun in the north of Pingliang to meet Li Heng. While he was comforting the soldiers, he said to Li Heng, "Shuofang army is a powerful force in the world, and Lingwu is also a place to use it. Now, Huihe asked for peace, and Tubo was attached to it. Although some counties were occupied by the rebels, they all wanted to return to the imperial court. Your highness will be able to wipe out the rebels if he reorganizes his armaments in Shuofang and then moves his troops to the south. " Li Heng thinks so.

In July of the same year, Li Heng arrived in Lingwu. Du hung Chien, Pei Mian and others went up to persuade Li Heng to be emperor in order to conform to the people's will. Li Heng refused at first, but because Du hung Chien had been on the watch five times, he finally had to agree. Du hung Chien personally arranged the ceremony when he ascended the throne. Soon after, Li Heng succeeded to the throne for emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty. Du Hongjian was given the title of doctor of the Ministry of war and managed the affairs of Zhongshu Sheren. Later, he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of war.

Tired of work

In the second year of Zhide reign (757), Du Hongjian was also a censor doctor, and served as a governor of Hexi and Liangzhou. In October of the same year, the Tang army recovered the two capitals. Emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty also appointed Du Hongjian as Governor General of Jingzhou and Governor General of Jingnan.

In the second year of Qianyuan (759), Xiangzhou generals Kang Chuyuan and Zhang Jiayan rebelled, expelled the governor and occupied Xiangzhou. Soon after, Zhang Jiayan attacked Jingzhou in the south, and Du Hongjian abandoned the city and fled. The officials of Lizhou, Langzhou, xiazhou and Guizhou were shocked when they heard that Du Hongjian had fled. They fled to the valley to hide. After the rebellion, it was pacified by the Tang army.

In the first year of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (760), Du Hongjian was worshipped as Youcheng, the Minister of the Shang Dynasty. Later, he served as the Minister of the Li Department and the Minister of Taichang. In the first year of Baoying (762), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty passed away successively, and Emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne. Du Hongjian also served as a ceremonial envoy, responsible for the construction of the tailing mausoleum and the Jianling mausoleum. He also conferred the title of Guanglu doctor and the Duke of Wei.

In the second year of Guangde (764), Du hung Chien paid homage to the prime minister, served as the Minister of the Ministry of war and the Minister of tongzhongshu, and soon became the Minister of Zhongshu.

Out of town Xichuan

In October of the first year of Yongtai (765), Cui Yao, a military envoy of Xichuan in Jiannan, occupied Chengdu, killed Guo Yingyi, a Jiedu envoy, and claimed that he was staying behind. Bai Zhenjie, a general of Qiongzhou, Yang Zilin, a general of Luzhou, and Li Changyao, a general of Jianzhou, set up troops to attack Cui, and the situation in Shu was in chaos.

In February of the first year of Dali (766), Emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty ordered Du Hongjian to go to Xichuan to pacify the chaos. However, Du Hongjian was timid, addicted to Buddhism and disliked military affairs. When he arrived in Chengdu, he was afraid of Cui's military strength and did not dare to ask for a crime. Instead, he asked the imperial court to grant Cui as a governor. At that time, the invasion of Tubo, Guanzhong chaos. In the Tang Dynasty, Zong had no choice but to appoint Cui Xiang as the commander of the marching army in Xichuan, and Bai Zhenjie and Yang Zilin as the assassins.

Return to Zaifu

In the second year of Dali (767), Du Hongjian asked for admission to the DPRK and recommended Cui Xiang as the empress of the army of Xichuan. Soon afterwards, Emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty called Du Hongjian back to Beijing and appointed Cui Xiang as the governor of Chengdu Yin and Jiannan Xichuan. After entering the imperial court, Du Hongjian was dismissed from the post of deputy marshal of Shannan, and became prime minister again, and was given the title of servant.

In the third year of Dali (768), Du hung Chien left Rendong city and served as the deputy marshal of Henan, Huaixi and Shannan. He still held the post of Tongping Zhangshi. He said he was ill and asked to retire. He was approved by the emperor of Tang Dynasty, so he didn't go to Luoyang.

In 769, Du Hongjian died at the age of 61. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Zong abolished the dynasty for three days, and granted Taiwei a posthumous title and Wenxian a posthumous title.

Anecdotes and allusions

In his later years, Du Hongjian was deeply convinced of Buddhism and wrote a poem: "he is always willing to pursue the principles of Zen, and he can help the source of Buddhism." The courtiers also wrote poems to harmonize with each other. After he retired, he was seriously ill. He asked the monk to shave his hair and leave a last word. He asked his son to bury his tower according to Hu FA. He did not pile up soil or plant trees. He hoped to be like a monk. People laugh at me all the time.

Character evaluation

Li Heng: Lingwu is my Guanzhong Hanoi, Qing is also my Xiao He and Kou Xun.

Liu Xu: hung Chien's contribution to protecting the society was not his duty to serve the city. At that time, he was not responsible for Ren Cui. He refused chastity in the south, but failed to offer sincerity in the north. He should have come in his arms, but failed to control it and eventually returned home. Is it not Zang Mou? If you ask for it, you will be a drama thief. However, it is not the way of a gentleman to be a Buddha and a friend.

Xu Jun: the general is floating in the clouds. What's the matter. Lingzhou persuade no king father, toufu can get rid of sin.

Wang Fuzhi: Pei Mian's and Du Hongjian's persuasion was called the state stratagem. In fact, they used their support to win the prime minister's favor, and their hearts were punishable.

personal works

There are three articles in quantangwen: qijiebiao, zhudingpeixiangzuo and Baijiayan Temple stele. "Tangwenshiyi" includes two additional chapters: "tingrang Di and other temples enjoy offering music at four o'clock" and "Jijiu book with Yang".

member of family

Grandfather: Du Shenxing, the second governor of Jing Yi, and the Marquis of Jianping.

Father: Du Pengju, governor of Anzhou.

Uncle: Du Xian, Minister of rites, Zhang Shi of Tongping, Marquis of Wei county.

Elder brothers: Du Lingyuan, Du Fengju.

Sons: Du Shou, Du Wei, Du Feng and Du Ding.

Historical records

The 58th biography of the 18th volume of the old book of the Tang Dynasty

New book of the Tang Dynasty volume 126 biography 51

Zizhitongjian, volume 218, chapter 34 of Tang Dynasty

Zizhitongjian, volume 221, Tangji 37

Zizhitongjian, volume 223, tangji39

Zizhi Tongjian volume 224 Tang Ji 40

Chinese PinYin : Du Hong Jian