Du Yu
Du Yu
Du Yu (?)? -311), the word Fang Shu, Xiangcheng County Dingling county (now ye County, Henan Province) people. He is one of the twenty-four friends of Jingu, a minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, a tea expert, and the grandson of Hou Duxi of Pingyang township of Cao Wei.
Since he was a child, he has been known as a child prodigy. He is handsome and talented. He is called "Du Sheng" and has a good relationship with Jia MI. Jin emperor Yongxing years, worship Runan. Emperor Huaidi of Jin ascended the throne and served as a right army general and son of the state. In the rebellion of Yongjia (311), Luoyang was destroyed and killed.
He has two volumes of anthology. Among them, Fu is one of the earliest poetry and fu works in our country.
Life experience
Du Yu has almost no achievements in his main business, but as an amateur professional tea man, he has won a champion in the history of tea. Lu Yu once mentioned Du Yu three times in "four utensils", "five boiling" and "seven things". He didn't make any achievements in his main career, mainly because he didn't even get a biography in the official history of Jin Shu. It was only when he introduced Jia Mi's 24 friends that he called his name. After Fu Xian talked about the failure of Sima Lun in the eight kings rebellion from his father's and brother's biography, he wrote that Sima Feng accepted Fu Tingwei, such as Du Yu, who was a constant servant, and handed him over to the judicial organs for punishment. In Gou Xi's biography, Gou Xi mentioned in the above table: "Liu Huang, former captain of Sili, Wen Ji, censor Zhongcheng In the biography of Liu Kun, it is pointed out that Liu Qiao attacked King Fan Yang in xuchangye, and Kun and Du Yu, the prefect of Runan, led their troops to rescue him It seems that there are only the above sentences about him in the book of Jin, and every time I just call the name, it's over. However, Yan Kejun of Qing Dynasty left a relatively detailed information about him when he compiled Quan Jin Shu: "Yu Zi Fang Shu, a native of Xiangcheng. At the beginning, he was the 24 friends of Jia MI with Shi Chong and other officials, and worshipped Ru Nan in Yongxing. Yongjia into the right general, after the son of wine. There are several volumes of Yi Yi and two volumes of collection. " However, as just mentioned, Lu Yu mentioned many things related to him in the book of tea. The thing related to him is an article called Fu in Quan Jin Shu.
personal works
Du Yu's Fu on tea is the earliest work of Fu on Tea Poetry in China. The full text is as follows: "Lingshan is only a mountain, where the bell is produced, where the grass is grown, and the valley is covered by hills. It is moistened by abundant soil, and it is also moistened by rain. The moon is only in the early autumn, the farming work is less rest, the knot even with travel, is to adopt is to seek. The water is the injection of the Minfang, and the water is the clear flow of the Minfang; the pottery slips are selected from the eastern corner; the gourd is used to drink, and the style is Gongliu. But this is the beginning of this, foam into Huafu, huanru snow, ye if spring application This poem Fu is the earliest poem and Fu that can be seen to sing about tea. It is the literary basis of early tea culture in ancient China. It is the first complete record of the whole process of tea from planting and growing environment to picking season and labor scene to the selection of water for tea cooking and tea utensils and the utility of tea drinking. In this work, the meaning of "drink with Pao, take Gongliu" is that Du Yu is engaged in the art of tea soup. Like Gongliu, the sage, the tea drinking utensils are made of gourd. This is quoted from the chapter "zuozhiyongpao" in the book of songs · Daya · Gongliu. It is the first time to write about the scale of tea planting in "Migu Beigang", the first time to write about the picking of autumn tea, the first time to write about the suitable tea of ceramics, and the first time to write about the characteristics of tea soup of "foam sinking and floating". These four firsts are enough to make the position of Fu in the history of Chinese tea culture impressive. Du Yu is known as "meifengzi" by later generations. Mr. Gong Liuzi (Zhou Wentang) thinks that Du Yu is the first person to make tea drinking have elegant culture. Because he endows the aesthetic art of tea drinking activities with cultivation, Mr. Gong Liuzi thinks that Du Yu's Fu marks the germination of Chinese tea ceremony culture. Note: Gong Liu (around the 16th century BC) is the distant ancestor of the Zhou tribe. This is one of the epics of the Zhou tribe. It praises Gong Liu's great achievements in leading his people to move from Tai to Chen. Du Yu wrote Yi Yi (Confucian classics, divination books, such as Yi Jing or Zhou Yi) and Du Yu's collected works, which were included in Sui Shu and Tang Shu Jing Ji Zhi and passed on to the world. Quanjinshu contains five pieces of Du Yu's prose, such as Fu. The full text of Fu is as follows. "The Lingshan mountain is only a mountain, and it has a unique bell. Jueshengcao, Migu was hillock. It is moistened by abundant soil, and it is also moistened by rain. The moon is only in the early autumn, the farming work is less rest, the knot even with travel, is to adopt is to seek. The water is the injection of the Minfang, and the water is the clear flow of the Minfang; the pottery slips are selected from the eastern corner; the gourd is used to drink, and the style is Gongliu. But this is the beginning, foam into Huafu, huanru snow, ye if spring application. If it is chunran zhenchen, the color is responsible for Qingshuang. White and yellow are empty. We need to adjust our mind to the inner world and give generously to the outside world. "
Historical records
in the existing official history of ancient books, 荈 Fu is the first complete record of the whole process of tea from planting to drinking in the history of Chinese tea. The article talks about the environment, planting, growth and picking season, as well as the labor scene, the choice of tea cooking, water selection and tea utensils, and the effectiveness of tea drinking. As mentioned in the article, "Lingshan mountain is only a mountain" and "Fengtu" refer to the growing environment, "Yue is only early autumn" refers to the picking season, "Jiedu Tonglu" refers to the picking scene, "Minfang" and "Qingliu" refer to the choice of water, "Dongyu", "taojian" and "zuozhi yipao" refer to the choice of tea sets, "foam into Huafu, huanru snow" refers to the time when the tea was first cooked Tea state, "tune the spirit and the inside, generous except." It refers to the record of tea drinking effect. It is no wonder that Lu Yu put forward Du Yu's works three times in the book of tea, which is rare in the book of tea. It can be seen how high the position of Fu in the history of tea in China is. The creator often makes people inadvertently, and people often feel sad that some prodigy or genius either died prematurely or dementia, which has left many halos and lofty status for those who become late. Du Yu's early death of course has its own background factors, and people in the Western Jin Dynasty just can't seek one side as "the soul is flying", so it is reasonable for Du Yu to die in battle. In any case, when Du Yu was only 30 years old, what he left for the tea man was not only a meaningful Fu, but also a lot of regrets and unknown spiritual burden. In other words, if he lived in any period of the Han and Tang Dynasties, it would not be difficult for him to become a master of a certain generation. If the Jin Dynasty was also a powerful Dynasty, it might be difficult for him to follow suit There was no later editor of the book of tea, Lu Yu. Because Du Yu's book writing skill is obviously superior to Lu Yu's. But because of the time maker, Du Yu, a genius, died early. Even Du Yu was often placed in the position of tea sage. But in fact, he took off his sleeve and went up to heaven before he finished his task as a sage, leaving people with too many scarred speculations and sighs. Du Yu's works can be described as masterpieces. They are not many words, but they have an offensive aroma of tea.
The first tea expert
It is often said that Du Yu is a non tea professional. He should be the earliest tea expert in the history of Chinese tea. At least in the face of not digging out more convincing historical facts, we have to admit that the earliest and most comprehensive articles about tea were created by him. To create this work, it is obviously necessary to investigate and summarize the common knowledge of tea, otherwise it will be difficult to write. Genius can last forever, just because it is not determined by age. If you lend him another 30 years to live, maybe related classics, military books, Historical Biographies, tea ceremony and so on will all come to the world one by one. However, this is a hypothesis after all. The spiritual world he has searched all his life has been submerged by the powerful and barbaric history.
Historical influence
Because of the development of tea production and the popularity of tea drinks, all kinds of tea affairs and tea aesthetic connotation also attracted the attention of the writers at that time, and got a lot of reflection in their works. In addition to the contents described in Shishuoxinyu, shenyiji and Yiyuan, there are also Zuo Si's beautiful girl poem, Du Yu's Fu and Yang xuanzhi's Luoyang Jialan Ji, which describe tea drinking and tea affairs from various aspects. So as to improve the cultural taste of tea. Fu on tea written by Du Yu in the Western Jin Dynasty is the first prose with tea as the theme in the history of literature. The Song Dynasty Chu Wu "tea Fu" said: "the Qing text is not only passed on to Du Yu, but also heard about Lu Yu." We can see the influence of Du Yu's Fu on the history of tea culture. Du Yu's "Fu of Bi" is also only a remnant, the remaining text is as follows: "Lingshan mountain is only a mountain, where the bell is produced. Jueshengcao, Migu pigang. It is moistened by abundant soil, and it is also moistened by rain. The moon is only in the early autumn, and farming is seldom done. To travel together with a couple is to choose or to seek. The water is the injection of the Minfang, and the water is the clear flow of the Minfang. Take Pao and Gongliu. However, this is the beginning of its development. Like snow, like spring. " "Adjust the mind and the interior, and remove the drowsiness." during the Jin Dynasty, the southern and Northern Dynasties, tea literature began to rise. Tea art sprouts. Tea art is the art of drinking tea. It includes the procedures and techniques of tea selection, utensil preparation, water selection, fire selection, soup waiting and tea learning. In Du Yu's Fu, there are descriptions of tea art, such as choosing water: "water is the injection of Min's side, and the flow of water is clear", choosing clear water from Min River; choosing utensils: "pottery slips come from Dongyu", and choosing tea sets from Dongyu (now Shangyu area of Zhejiang Province)
Chinese PinYin : Du Yu
Du Yu
