Wang Biaozhi

Wang Biaozhi

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Wang Biaozhi (305-377, November 28) was born in Linyi, Langya (now Linyi City, Shandong Province). He was named Shuhu. A famous official of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was the son of Wang Bin and nephew of the Prime Minister Wang Daotang.

Wang Biao was born in the family of Langya Wang. He wrote Zuo Lang and Donghai Wang literature at the beginning. He moved to Zhongcheng, Shizhong, tingweiqing, Kuaiji NEISHI and other posts as the imperial censor. He was an official to shangshuling, a general of the garrison, and a regular official of Sanqi. He United with Taifu Xie an to fight against Huan Wen. After the death of the great Sima Huanwen, he united with Xie an to deal with the government.

In 377, Wang Biaozhi passed away at the age of 73. He was given the title of "Jian" to Guanglu doctor. He has written 20 volumes of anthology, which is now lost.

Life of the characters

upright and outspoken

At the beginning, Wang Biao was the author of zuolang and Donghai Wang literature, and later he was promoted to shangshulang. General Sima Xi invited Wang Biaozhi to be his own Sima. After many promotions, Wang Biaozhi successively held the posts of zuocheng, situ zuocheng, Zhongcheng, Shizhong and Tingwei.

When Wang Biaozhi was appointed as Tingwei, he met Xie Yi, the governor of Yongjia, and executed Zhou Jiao, a local, after the amnesty, so Zhou Jiao's cousin denounced him to Yangzhou. At that time, Yangzhou governor Yin Hao captured Xie Yi and sent him to Tingwei, but Wang Biaozhi refused to accept Xie Yi because he had no title and was not within Tingwei's duty. Later, although emperor mu of Jin issued an imperial edict ordering Wang Biaozhi to accept Xie Yi, he still argued for it. At that time, people compared him to Zhang Shizhi, a Tingwei in the Western Han Dynasty. Later, when the southern suburb ceremony was held, the Fujun General of the assistant government and Wang Sima Yu of Kuaiji asked Wang Biaozhi if he would implement the amnesty. Wang Biaozhi's suggestion was no better than that, so as not to encourage the common people to commit crimes by taking advantage of the opportunity of the amnesty every year. Sima Yu followed his advice.

Later, Wang Biaozhi was appointed Minister of the Ministry of officials, and he also gave opinions on the selection of Sima Yu as an official. In order to improve the administrative efficiency and law, it is suggested that there should be no official positions without actual duties, and the performance of officials should be better examined.

Make suggestions repeatedly

In December of the seventh year of Yonghe (351), general Huan Wen repeatedly asked for the northern expedition, but the imperial court did not respond. Huan Wen then led his troops to Wuchang after another Northern Expedition, which shocked everyone. Some even advised Yin Hao, who was appointed by Sima Yu to fight against Huan Wen, to leave and retreat from Huan Wen. In the face of such a situation, Wang Biaozhi advised Sima Yu not to let Yin Hao retire and isolate emperor mu of Jin Dynasty. He also advised Yin Haojing to watch the change. Sima Yu wrote a letter to Huan Wen to sincerely advise Huan Wen to retire. Otherwise, he would let the imperial court issue an imperial edict. At the worst, he would refuse to fight, and he would not be able to disorganize himself. Finally, Fujun Sima GAOSONG wrote a letter to Sima Yu blaming Huan Wen and successfully solved the crisis.

At the end of Yonghe, many diseases occurred. According to the old system, when more than three people in the courtiers' families are sick, even if they are not ill, they can take a hundred days' leave at home. At this time, most of the officials said that they had been ill for many days and did not go to court. Wang Biaozhi said: "when there is a disease, no family is immune to it. If it's no longer in the palace, then there will be a shortage of attendants, and all the official offices will be empty. " The court agreed with him.

In the eighth year of Yonghe (352), Yin Hao began the northern expedition, and induced the former Qin Lei weak ER and others to kill the former Qin monarch Fu Jian. Lei Qiaoer and others pretended to agree and invited soldiers to meet him. At that time, there was chaos in Guanzhong. The news that Fu Huangmei ran to Guanzhong made Yin Hao think that Lei Qiaoer's action was successful. So in 353, Yu Yonghe led another northern expedition to attack Luoyang. At that time, Wang Biaozhi went up to Sima Yu and thought that there must be deceit in Lei qianer and so on, and Yin Hao should not march in easily. However, because of Yao Xiang's rebellion, Yin Hao was defeated by shansang and retreated to Qiaocheng. Afterwards, Sima Yu said to Wang Biaozhi with a smile, "it's really like what you said. Recently, you have no plan. Even Zhang Liang and Chen Ping can't surpass you! "

Wang Biaozhi and later transferred to be the leading general, and then transferred to be the minister. He refused because of his illness. The Imperial Court changed Wang Biaozhi to Taichang and took the post of Chongde Wei Wei. At that time, someone said to Jianwen, "I'm afraid there was an extraordinary conspiracy to overhaul the equipment in the house of King Wuling (< I > Sima Yu's fourth brother < / I > < I > Sima Xi < / I >) Sima Yu asked Wang Biaozhi about this matter. Wang Biaozhi said: "the king of Wuling just wants to have the fun of hunting. I hope you don't make it public to appease people with different opinions. " Sima Yu was very pleased that someone once again stated his similar opinion with Wang Biaozhi.

In December of the first year of Shengping (357), Wang Biaozhi was promoted to minister Zuo pushe. The next year, Xie Yi, the governor of Yuzhou, died. Sima Yu planned to let Huan Yun, the younger brother of Huan Wen, take over the post and asked Wang Biaozhi for his opinions. However, Wang Biaozhi thought that Huan Wen had already occupied half of the territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. If Huan Yun was appointed governor of Yuzhou, the military power of the important foreign vassals would almost be controlled by the Huan family. Sima Yu nodded: "you are right." So Xie Wan, the younger brother of Xie Yi, took over.

Good governance in Kuaiji

Later, Wang Biaozhi became a general of the town army, an internal historian of Kuaiji, and a regular official. Wang Biaozhi worked in Kuaiji Prefecture for eight years, which made the local aristocracy converge. More than 30000 families who had previously fled Kuaiji returned to settle down in Kuaiji Prefecture.

In the third year of Xingning (365), Huan Wen moved to Gushu Town, where he became the leader of the county. All the counties sent senior subordinate officials such as Changshi, Sima and Zhubo to pay homage to Huan Wen. Only Wang Biaozhi thought that sending envoys to the emperor and paying tribute to the emperor were the books of the chief. Xiang Wenshi could not send the books of the chief as he saw the emperor, but in the end he did not send anyone. Huan Wen then dismissed him from the post of internal history of Kuaiji on the pretext that zhebu and Mi of Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, had not arrived on time and that Wang Biaozhi had not been impeached. Before Wang Biaozhi left, he pardoned those who were convicted and demoted in the county. Taking this as a pretext, Huan Wen sent a guard car to escort Wang Biaozhi to the judicial department for punishment. When the imperial court pardoned him, he was only reduced to minister. However, in December of that year, Wang Biaozhi was promoted to be a minister.

Circumflex Huanwen

In the sixth year of Taihe (371), Huan Wen was about to depose the emperor of Jin Dynasty. All the officials were shocked and trembled. But Wang Biaozhi knew that Huan Wen's resignation had already been revealed, and it was impossible to persuade him with reason to stop it, so he helped Huan Wen to prepare for the ceremony. At that time, the courtiers did not know the details of abolishing the monarch, and Wang Biaozhi, who had prepared the details, was admired by the courtiers. After Huan Wen abolished the emperor of Jin, he established Sima Yu as emperor, that is, Emperor Jian Wen of Jin. Later, Sima Xi, king of Wuling, who was then the supreme ruler, was to be abolished. Wang Biaozhi tried to dissuade Huan Wen at that time, but Huan Wen was determined not to accept it.

The following year, Emperor Jian Wen died. At that time, all the officials were puzzled and did not dare to let the crown prince Sima Yao succeed to the throne. Some even thought that they had to wait for Huan Wen to make a decision. Wang Biao's righteousness was to uphold the legitimacy of the crown prince's succession, and finally made all officials decide to welcome the crown prince to the throne, namely emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty. After emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager Chu suanzi ordered that Huan Wenyi should be in power on behalf of the young master. However, Wang Biaozhi did not accept the Shao order and granted it back to the Empress Dowager because of Huan Wenyi's resignation.

In the first year of Ningkang (373), Huan Wen fell ill and told the imperial court that he wanted to be granted Jiuxi. However, Wang Biaozhi and Xie an, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, jointly delayed Yuan Hong's writing of the imperial edict to grant Jiuxi, which eventually made the article not complete when Huan Wen died that year, and thus Huan Wen failed to obtain Jiuxi.

In his later years, he was in charge of politics

At that time, Huan Chong, the younger brother of Huan Wen and the governor of Yangyu Prefecture, and Xie an jointly assisted the government. Xie an, on the pretext of "new mourning for Yuan Fu" and the fact that emperor Xiaowu was still young, could not personally manage all the opportunities. In fact, he was prepared for Huan Chong's interference in political affairs, so he proposed to let the Empress Dowager Chu suanzi listen to the government. Wang Biaozhi didn't understand Xie an's idea and opposed it. Xie an finally didn't listen.

Two months after Huan Wen's death, Wang Biaozhi was promoted to the position of minister, and took charge of the government together with the minister's servant Xie an. Xie an highly praised Wang Biaozhi and said, "if you can't make a decision on a major event in the court, ask the Prince (< I > Wang Biaozhi < / I >) and you will get a result." Because of his old age, Wang Biaozhi repeatedly begged for retirement. Emperor Xiaowu did not allow him to turn to him as a general of the garrison and served him on a regular basis.

He died of serious illness

In 377, Emperor Xiaowu granted Wang Biaozhi the title of "Guanglu doctor" and "Yitong third division". However, Wang Biaozhi was seriously ill. After hearing the news, Emperor Xiaowu sent a servant of Huangmen to comfort him and gave him 300000 yuan to treat his illness. On October 28, Wang Biao died at the age of 73. The imperial court gave him the title of "Jian" as an official of Guanglu.

Character evaluation

Sima Yu: Guo rujun said. Since then, you have no plan. How can Zhang (Liang) and Chen (Ping) get over it!

Huan Wen: it's not so evil to be Yuankai!

Fang Xuanling: 1. When thinking and acting, the fierce wind of Biao rules in the more remote days, Yu Tan and Gu Zhong favor Zhenxin in the time of crisis. ② Young tiger's indomitable, Ning haoxuan Wen.

Fang Xiaoru: people are suspicious of Fang ruofeng's cutting edge, but they can deal with it calmly. They will do great things in a righteous and fierce voice, not braves.

Anecdotes and allusions

Wang Baishu

Wang Biaozhi had white hair on his temples when he was 20 years old. People called him "Wang Baisu" at that time. Lu Yitian in the Qing Dynasty juxtaposed him with Du Yan, the famous Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty (who was not yet 40 years old and had all white hair) in lenglu Zazhi. He thought that "if Qi and blood are weak, the hair is easy to be white, and every time he signs up for his age.".

Regardless of official position

When Wang Biao was the king of literature in the East China Sea in his early years, his cousin and Prime Minister Wang Dao once said to him, "when selecting officials, it was originally intended to make you shangshulang. You are lucky to be the assistant official of the kings." However, Wang Biaozhi said, "you don't have to worry about the position. You should take it at an appropriate time. But I just don't want to be promoted So he was appointed shangshulang.

Jianying Palace

Xie an, the prime minister, once planned to rebuild the palace, but Wang Biaozhi thought that the Palace should be rebuilt now

Chinese PinYin : Wang Biao Zhi