Li Hong

Li Hong

Li Hong is a Taoist ideologist, a political and military theorist and a hermit. Daguanzi was born in Longxi of Tang Dynasty. When I was young, I liked the way of immortals. Shaoshishan, who once lived in seclusion in Songshan Mountain for many years, studied Huangdi yinfujing. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (713-741 AD), he was appointed Deputy envoy of Jiangling Jiedu and Zhongcheng, the censor (one said that he was the judge of Jingnan Jiedu, the other said that he was the Jiedu envoy of Jingnan and the CI envoy of Xianzhou). In Du Guangting's biography of the feelings of immortals, he said that "when he was ranked by Li Linfu, he didn't want to go to a famous mountain to visit Taoism, but later he didn't know what he was doing.".

Profile

Li Gong was a famous Taoist scholar in Tang Dynasty. No. daguanzi. Longxi (now in Gansu) people. The year of birth and death is unknown. About activities in Tang Xuanzong to suzong. In his early years, it was said that "when he arrived at hukouyan in Songshan Mountain, he got the Yellow Emperor's Yinfu Sutra, which was written in plain script and sealed in a jade box. It said:" on July 7, 440, the first year of emperor Zhenjun of the great Wei Dynasty, Kou Qianzhi, a Taoist of the upper Qing Dynasty, collected all the famous mountains and passed on them together. " Reading a thousand times, I don't know its meaning. Because into Qin, to Lishan, meet an old mother He said the meaning of Yin Fu with Huang. When Emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty became an official, he first served as the Deputy envoy of Jingnan Jiedu (or the judge of Jingnan Jiedu, or the Deputy envoy of Jiangling Jiedu), and then as the governor of Dengzhou (or the governor of yunxianzhou). Since then, "he went to famous mountains to visit Taoism, but later he didn't know where he was.". Li believes that all things in the world are derived from Yin and Yang. "The sky is round and the place is Yin and Yang." Heaven and earth are not owned by all things, and all things exist because of heaven and earth. Yin and yang are not created by all things, but by Yin and Yang. But he thinks that there are conditions for Yin and yang to transform everything, and people can use it to achieve their own goals. Therefore, it is emphasized that people must adhere to the principle of heaven and act according to the natural principle of Yin Yang and five elements. Therefore, it is also called "Yin and yang are both in shape, the reverse is defeated, and the smooth is prosperous". But we don't think that the "natural principle" will come true naturally, and we can't believe in the role of ghosts and gods. We must rely on and play the role of human beings. In Taibai Yinjing, he takes the victory or defeat of war as an example, emphasizing that "all ghosts and gods of heaven can not be seen, heard or searched, and that the state of nothingness can not decide the victory or defeat, and can not control life or death." The victory or defeat of a war depends mainly on personnel. Li also has his unique views on personnel. In addition to advocating the appointment of talents, the understanding of talents, and the need to "value merit and reward labor", talents are divided into "generalists" and "partial talents". Those who call "Ying can't be resolute, Xiong can't be resourceful" are "partial talents"; those who "can be flexible, can be firm, can play, can be open, can be brave, can be bold and resourceful, can be round and can turn, can be round and have no reason, and can be wise in all things, and can help the world" are "generalists". "Generalists" can be "generals" and "commanders of people and masters of national security", which should be carefully chosen. He also stressed that "the way of appointing talents" should be whatever they are good at, and each of them should have its own use: "stratagem makes intelligent people; conversation makes argumentative people; separation from relatives makes spies; going deep into the territory of princes makes rural leaders; building five soldiers makes skilled people; destroying the front to capture prisoners, defending the danger and attacking the strong, making fierce and resolute people; concealing and attacking the aggressors, making Qiaojie people; exploring and reporting the time, making the sick and the full; breaking the firm and sinking, He is a man of great power and a man of technology It is pointed out that "the way of appointing talents" is a matter of vital importance to the survival of a country and must be carried out seriously. The state "prospers when it gains its way, and dies when it loses its way.". These thoughts still have some positive significance. His works include three volumes of Yinfu Jing, one volume of Lishan Mu Zhuan Yinfu Xuanyi, one volume of qingnangkuo, ten volumes of Taibai Yinjing, Zhongtai Zhi, chuwaichun and Chunqiu, ten volumes of Liuren Dayu Zhangge, and two volumes of sunzizhu.

Theoretical thinking

Li Xun's theory is basically based on the pre Qin Taoism, and is well integrated with the thoughts of Legalists and military strategists to construct his own ideological system.

First of all

Li believes that "Baoyi" is "duplicate" and that "Ben" is the highest "Dao" and "Zhidao". "Baoyifuben" is to recognize and comprehend the nature and function of "Zhidao", so as to integrate with "Zhidao". He stressed that practitioners must understand "the ultimate Tao" and "Yin and Yang produce all things, and people call it God. They don't know the ultimate Tao, but they are silent without God. They can produce all things Yin and Yang, which is the ultimate God." (Yin Fu Jing Shu) therefore advocates that people should use the method of "stealing machine" to refine themselves into a tasteless and unconscious baby, and finally integrate with "Zhi Dao", so that they can reach the origin, master the universe and become immortal.

Secondly

Li Xun advocated "rule of law by name" and "rule of law", so as to "subdue according to crime, reward according to merit", "reward selfless merit, punish selfless crime" (the ninth chapter of Taibai Yin Jing · punishment reward); at the same time, he should "appoint the virtuous and use their abilities, and do good things in no time; judge according to the law, and do good things without divination; value merit and reward labor, and do not sacrifice for good." (Tai Bai Yin Jing Tian Wu Yin Yang No.1).

Third

The military thought of "using military power and tactics". His basic military theory is that the subjective efforts of human beings are the main factors that determine the success or failure of a war. He uses the relationship between geographical environment and human as a metaphor: "heaven and time can not protect the Lord who has no way, land can not help the country which is in chaos and perish; the danger of land is easy because of people, and it is easy because of people." (the second chapter of Taibai Yinjing: no danger in the earth). It shows that the external environment only plays a supporting role, and can not be too strong; the efforts of people are the main thing. For example, "good location" is only "the help of soldiers". Those who are good at using weapons can make use of various terrain to draw up operational plans (Li Fang listed the essentials of operations in various geographical environments in his works), but ultimately success or failure depends on people. At the same time, Li also pointed out that there is no innate human nature, no constant victory or defeat, courage or cowardice, success and failure can be transformed through the efforts of the main body.

Historical story

Among the scholars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li Gong was the only one to warn the world with his unique view of entering the WTO. Li Qiong, who entered the Tao from an official, was full of ups and downs. He had a profound insight into the world, had a keen insight into current affairs, and had a sharp thinking. He wrote books with new ideas and strange wording. He was especially famous for his view of heaven that man can conquer nature. He was the pioneer of Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi's view of heaven in the middle Tang Dynasty, and made an important contribution to the development history of Chinese philosophy.

A song mountain cave got Yin Fu Jing. The old mother of Lishan said Xuanyi:

Li Hou was in the middle of Shaoshi mountain. He was good at Taoism when he was a deity. He often traveled to famous mountains and widely adopted recipes. One day, in hukouyan of Songshan Mountain, he got "the Yellow Emperor's Yinfu classic" in plain calligraphy and red lacquer. It was put in a jade box with the title: "on July 7, the second year of Taiping Zhenjun, Taoist Kou Qianzhi of Shangqing Dynasty collected famous mountains and passed them on.". Because of the long history of the biography and its erosion, Li Fang copied it down and read it thousands of times. Later, on a journey to the west, I met an old woman at the foot of Lishan Mountain. She wore a bun on her head and her hair hung down around her. She was dressed in rags and was walking on crutches. Her appearance was different from that of an ordinary old woman. She sat by the side of the road and watched a tree burning in the afterfire, so she said to herself, "fire comes from wood, and disaster comes from wood." After listening in, Li was very surprised. Then he asked his mother, "this is the sentence in the emperor's Yin Fu. Where did my mother come from? And then to mention it? " The old mother replied, "I accept this sutra. It's three yuan and six weeks. Where did you get it?" Li Gong respectfully kowtowed to his mother and told him when and where he got the book. The old mother said, "you are a young man whose cheekbones run through the gate of life, while the gate of life is at the corner of the sun. Your blood and brain are not reduced. Your heart is not biased. You are virtuous and good at Dharma. You are brave and wise. You can really be called my disciple! However, when you were 45, you were in great danger. " So he took out a red sand writing talisman and hung it on one end of the crutch. He asked Li to kneel down and accept the talisman. His mother sat on a big stone and told him the theory of Yin Fu Jing: "there are three hundred words in Yin Fu Jing, including one hundred words of speech, one hundred words of speech, and one hundred words of speech. On the one hand, there are gods holding the same principle, on the other hand, there are methods of enriching the country and stabilizing the people, and on the other hand, there are techniques of defeating the strong soldiers. All these are from inside and outside. Looking at its subtlety, the eight sceneries of Huang Ting are not mysterious, It's not enough to be an article to pass on the history of Confucius; it's not enough to be an article to let him be clever and wise, and it's not enough to be a wonder for Sun Wu and Han Bai. Therefore, people can use it well, sages can use it well, and right people can use it well. If you preach the same good, you must ask Zhai to teach it. Those who have the foundation are teachers, and those who have no foundation are disciples. It is not allowed to regard wealth as the most important thing and poverty as the least important thing. Those who violate the rules will take 20 orders. They will recite them seven times a day to increase their life. They will write a book on July 7 every year and keep it in the rocks of famous mountains for a long time. " My mother said, "now it's time to apply for the time. I have my wheat meal ready. Let's eat together." So the old mother took out a ladle from her sleeve and asked Li to fetch water from the valley. When the ladle was full, it suddenly weighed more than 100 Jin. If she tried to get it up again, she couldn't get it up and finally sank into the spring. When Li Hou returned to his original place, his mother had disappeared, leaving only a few liters of wheat rice in his original place. Li Fang finished his meal at once, and he never ate again. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (713-741 AD), Li Qiong was the Deputy envoy of Jiangling Festival and the censor Zhongcheng. Li Kuang, a talented general, wrote ten coupons of Taibai Yin Jing and ten volumes of Zhongtai Zhi. At that time, Li Lin Fu, a traitor, pushed him out of the limelight, and finally went to visit Mingshan. In the end, Li's whereabouts were unknown.

Second, the theory of "born into the world" and "entering into the world" is highly penetrating

Li Xun is a Taoist scholar. He has his unique philosophical thought system among the scholars of Tang Dynasty. Huangdi Yinfu Jingshu and Taibai Yinjing are two works of his philosophy.

Chinese PinYin : Li Quan