Li Fang

Li Fang

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Li Fang (from 925 to February 22, 1996) was born in Raoyang, Shenzhou (now Raoyang County, Hebei). From the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty, he was a famous prime minister and writer.

In the later Han Dynasty, Li Fang ascended the imperial examination. Tired official to the right, Jixian hall repair. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, he served as a direct Bachelor of Jixian hall and a scholar of Hanlin. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was appointed as a scholar of Zhongshu. When Taizong of the Song Dynasty, he was promoted to be involved in political affairs and pingzhangshi. He advocated to mend with Khitan and eliminate the army and the people. In his later years, he became an official with tejin and Sikong. Li Fang died in the second year of the reign of Tao in 1996. He was given the title of "Wenzheng" to situ.

Li Fang is one of the representatives of "white style poetry", which imitates Bai Juyi's poetic style. He has participated in the compilation of three of the four major books of the Song Dynasty (Taiping Yulan, Wenyuan Yinghua and Taiping Guangji), with a collection of 50 volumes.

Life of the characters

Li Fang was born in 925, the third year of Tongguang reign of Zhuangzong in the later Tang Dynasty. His father, Li Chao, once served as a doctor of the Ministry of industry and a direct Bachelor of Jixian temple in the later Jin Dynasty. His uncle, Li Mu, a right-hand Zishan doctor, had no son, so he adopted Li Fang to his knees.

In his early years, Li Fang was appointed as zhailang of the Taimiao temple, and selected him as the prince's calligrapher.

During the reign of Qianyou (948-950) in the later Han Dynasty, Li Fang ascended the rank of Jinshi and appointed secretary Lang. Recommended by Prime Minister FENG Dao, he worked with Lu Duan as Zhihong literary center, and later as youshiyi and Jixian Xiuzhuan.

In the second year of Zhou Xiande (955), Li Fang went to Huainan with Li Gu, the prime minister, as a recorder. Li Fang was in charge of the Zhangzuo in the army. After Zhou Shizong read it, he loved his literary talent. When he saw the collection of Wenying courtyard in Xiangguo Temple, he was even more pleased and praised him, saying: "I know this man has been for a long time." Li Fang asked to go back to court first because of illness. Li Gu looked at him and said, "you should have the same rank as me." After Shizong led his army back to the division, he promoted Li Fang to be the principal guest member wailang, zhizhigao, and the direct Bachelor of Jixian hall.

In the fourth year of Xiande (957), jiashiguan compiled and judged the affairs of jiashiguan. In the winter of the same year, Chai Rong went to the south again, and Li Fang went to Gaoyou. It happened that Tao Gu was sent to the South Tang Dynasty. Li Fang drafted imperial edicts on behalf of the army, and was appointed as tuntian doctor and Hanlin bachelor.

In the spring of 959, Li Fang suffered his mother's death. In the same year, Emperor Gong of the Later Zhou Dynasty succeeded to the throne and granted Li Fang a golden and purple official uniform.

After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Fang became a scholar in the middle school.

In the third year of Jianlong (962), Li Fang was dismissed as a "geishizhong".

In the fourth year of Jianlong (963), the imperial court pacified the Jingxiang area, and Li Fang was ordered to worship Nanyue, which was near Hengzhou.

In the second year of Qiande (964), Li Fang was transferred back to the imperial court. Tao Gu falsely accused Li Fang of seeking the post of capital order for his relatives. Taizu of Song Dynasty was very angry and called Zhang Zhao, the Minister of the Ministry of officials, to question the matter face to face. Zhang Zhao is a famous Confucianist with upright character. He took off his official hat in the court hall and said in a fierce voice: "Tao Gu cheated your majesty." Taizu was still suspicious, so he transferred Li Fang to live in Yanzhou to make a living. Li Fang was not willing to move to the mainland within three years. On the recommendation of the prime minister, Taizu summoned Li Fang into the court in the second year of Kaibao (969) and took the post of Zhongshu Sheriff again. Soon, I was ordered to go to the bachelor's college.

In the third year of Kaibao (970), Li Fang was ordered to preside over Gongju.

In the fifth year of Kaibao (972), Li Fang presided over Gongju again. In autumn, when attending a banquet in the Daming hall, Taizu saw Li Fang sitting under the academician Lu duoxun and asked the prime minister why. The prime minister replied, "Lu duoxun is a academician, and Li Fang is just a member of the palace." Taizu then appointed Li Fang as the Hanlin bachelor, and let him sit in the upper position of Lu duoxun.

When Li Fang presided over the Gongju, his fellow countryman Wu Jichuan was elected. Not long later, Wu Jichuan misplayed the duel, and Li Fang was implicated and demoted as Taichang Shaoqing. Later, he was sentenced to Guozijian.

In May of the sixth year of Kaibao (973), Li Fang returned to be a scholar of the Chinese Academy of letters. In the winter of the same year, the Ministry of officials was elected.

In 976, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty ascended to the throne and appointed Li Fang as the Minister of the household department. He was ordered to revise the record of Taizu with Hu Meng, Li Mu and song Bai.

In 979, Li Fang went to the northern Han Dynasty with Taizong. After the return of the song army, Li Fang was promoted to minister of the Ministry of industry and academician.

In 983, Li Fang was awarded the Bachelor of civilization hall. At that time, the prime ministers Zhao Pu and Song Qi had been in office for a long time, and the imperial court was looking for someone who could replace them. Li Fang was the most prominent minister in sujiu, so he was appointed to participate in political affairs and was in power. In November of the same year, Zhao Pu went out of wusheng army, and Li Fang and Song Qi were appointed as the officials of Pingzhang. Soon after, Jiajian revised the history of the country, and he suggested that the practice of submitting the current political records to the emperor first and then to the relevant departments should be restored.

In the first year of Yongxi's reign (984), the imperial court held a Jiao Si ceremony and appointed Li Fang as Zuo pushe. After Li Fang's repeated resignation, he changed the title to Zhongshu Shilang. When Yongxi was defeated in the northern expedition, the imperial court sent envoys to Henan and Hedong to recruit people to join the army. One out of every eight strong men was selected as a soldier. Li Fang and others said to Zhao Guangyi one after another: "recently, it's a last resort to dispatch envoys to collect and dispatch people from more than 40 counties in Henan and Hedong as border guards. However, the people of Henan have always been engaged in agriculture and do not know about war. Once they are collected, it will inevitably lead to unrest. If the people gather in the mountains and forests to make trouble, the imperial court must cut them off. If this happens, the land in Hebei is troubled by the people of Rong (Khitan), and the people in Henan make trouble among the people. Moreover, in spring, this hinders agricultural cultivation. If your majesty thinks that the imperial edict has been issued and it's hard to go back on it, he should send more envoys to take strict precautions, and collect less people wherever he goes. If the people are upset, he should postpone the matter and order the emissaries to act according to the circumstances, so as to avoid future trouble. " Taizong expressed his approval and adopted Li Fang's opinions.

In the first year of Duangong (988), Zhai Mazhou, a common people, appealed to the court when he attacked the drum and heard that Li Fang was the prime minister. When there was war in the north, he did not prepare for the war, but only wrote poems and entertained. After the ceremony, Taizong immediately summoned Jia Huangzhong to draft an imperial edict, demoted Li Fang as a right servant, and severely condemned him. Jia Huangzhong said: "pushe is the model and superior of all the officials. In fact, he is the prime minister. Li Fang moved to this post from the Minister of the Ministry of industry, not to dethrone or reprimand. It is more appropriate to say that Wenchang's government affairs are simple and few, and that it is more appropriate to use the pretext of average work and leisure. " Zhao Guangyi thinks this opinion is very good. When Khitan invaded the border, Taizong ordered the civil and military officials to offer their own strategies. Citing the precedent of Han and Tang Dynasties, Li Fang insisted that Quji should be entrusted to mend with the enemy, stop the war and recuperate the common people. This proposal was praised by the public opinion at that time.

In the second year of Chunhua (1991), Li Fang took the post of right servant, serving as the Minister of Zhongshu, pingzhangshi, and supervising the compilation of national history.

In the summer of the third year of Chunhua (1992), there were serious droughts, locusts and rain. At that time, Li Fang, together with Zhang Qixian, Jia Huangzhong and Li Hang, were prime ministers. They all pleaded guilty on the ground of incompetence, but Taizong did not blame them.

In the fourth year of Chunhua (993), Li Fang asked for the removal of the prime minister because of his family's successive funerals. Taizong refused and sent Zhang Qixian and other officials to issue imperial edicts. Li Fang then went to the court to deal with political affairs. A few months later, he was dismissed as a right servant. Before that, Zhang Zhen, the academician of Emperor Taizong, drafted an imperial edict, appointed Li Fang as Zuo pushe and dismissed him. Zhang said: "Li Fang's official residence is the important task of governing government affairs, but Yin and yang are not in tune. He can't decide to retire. How can he express his Majesty's exhortation to let him take the post of a hundred officials and teachers?" After reading the music, Taizong ordered to reprimand Li Fang and let him only serve as a right servant.

In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), Li Fang was 70 years old and returned to his hometown as a special official and Sikong. If he met with a banquet at a court meeting, he would be in the prime minister's class. Taizong gave him more and more rewards every year.

In the second year of Zhidao (996), Li Fang accompanied Taizong to offer sacrifices to the southern suburbs. After the ceremony, he came to celebrate. Because of the dance, he fell to the ground and left with the help of Taiwan officials. A few days later, Li Fang died at the age of 72. He was given the title of "Wenzheng" to situ.

Main impact

Politics

Li Fang is generous and gentle, regardless of the old evils, careful in his aspect, and has no prominent reputation. He advocated mending with Khitan to eliminate the army and the people.

Culture

Li Fang's family collected many stories of Han and Tang Dynasties, which were included in 200 volumes of Kaibao Tongyi. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty, he also compiled national history and participated in the compilation of Old Five Dynasties History and Taizu Shilu. In my life, I worked in Sanguan, and I am familiar with the collection and storage of books and documents. Using the three libraries to enrich the collection of books, he participated in the compilation of three books, including Taiping Yulan, Wenyuan Yinghua and Taiping Guangji. From the Han Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, there were many lost books, which can be found in the original text. It contributes to the preservation of ancient documents. In addition, a school was opened up to extend the time for scholars and doctors to read books without meeting the owner of the school. There are garden pavilion villas, study rooms and tombs all around, calling old friends to live in them.

Historical evaluation

Chai Rong: I have known this person for a long time.

Li Gu: I will be an official in the future.

Zhao Guangyi: first, Li Fang was a good man and a gentleman. He never hurt people or things when he was in Zhongshu. ② Fang Ben is used in the form of articles. He knows that he has a little responsibility and has nothing to do with it, but he is only worried and ashamed.

Zhao Heng: the generals and prime ministers of the state Dynasty were able to stand on their own fame and not fall into the power of the family. They were only Fang and Cao Bin.

Ouyang Xiu: Li Wenzheng Gongjin's Elegy of Yongchang mausoleum says: "lay the jade five times to the God, and the imperial tower three times to the king." At that time, all the officials entered, and the public poetry was the first.

Wang said: Li Fang was destroyed by duo Xun, not by que Zheng, but by Zhang Shen

Chinese PinYin : Li Fang