Li Rihua

Li Rihua

Li Rihua is a writer of opera and Sanqu in Ming Dynasty. Shi Fu, a native of Wu County, Jiangsu Province. There is no research on the year of birth and death and life story. He lived around Zhengde and Jiajing, and is famous for his play the romance of the South and west chamber. In addition, there is information about Jinshi in the 20th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1592).

It is different from another Ming Dynasty writer. Li Rihua (1565-1635 A.D.), a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, was named Junshi, zhulang and Jiuyi.

Life of the characters

Li Rihua is a writer of opera and Sanqu in Ming Dynasty. Shi Fu, a native of Wu County, Jiangsu Province. There is no research on the year of birth and death and life story. He lived around Zhengde and Jiajing, and is famous for his play the romance of the South and west chamber. In the southern operas of song and Yuan Dynasties, there is the story of Zhang Gong's west chamber (or the story of Cui Yingying's West Chamber). In the early Ming Dynasty, Li Jingyun (who was born in the Yuan Dynasty) also wrote the legendary drama the story of Cui Yingying's west chamber. All the above plays have been lost, and only a few of them are left. At the latest in the early years of Jiajing, Cui Shipei, a native of Haiyan, adapted Wang Shifu's drama the romance of the west chamber (commonly known as the North West Chamber) into a legend, and Li Rihua added it to become a large-scale play with a total of 38% discount, which was already popular in the world at Jiajing. The plot of the characters in the story of the south west chamber is almost the same as that in the story of the north west chamber, and a large number of words and sentences are used in the story. The thought is mediocre, and the artistic expression lacks originality, so "the theory of time is quite popular" (Hengqu Zhutan). Lu Cai, another legendary writer of the romance of the Western Chamber in the Ming Dynasty, thinks that Li's work "takes the words of Shi Fu and turns them into the Southern Song, but the wording and meaning are not very good." he also thinks that Li's work "creates his own ideas and does not follow the words of northern opera". (preface to the romance of the West Chamber of Lu Tianchi) in the early Qing Dynasty, Li Yu even compared it to "Fox armpit with thousands of gold, cut into red hair; a piece of pure gold, dotted into iron" (casual love). However, the northern Zaju in the middle of Ming Dynasty has gradually declined. The appearance of the story of the South and west chamber makes the popular story of the west chamber still active on the stage of Kun Opera for a long time, which is the main contribution of Cui Shipei and Li Rihua. Most of the later versions of the story of the South and west chamber are Li version rather than Lu version. Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, "South West Chamber" of "jump the wall", "send card", "Jiaqi", "copy red" and so on, has been a very popular repertoire. Peking Opera and various local opera adaptations such as the romance of the west chamber, Hongniang and Chaohong are directly or indirectly influenced by the romance of the south west chamber. The existing earlier editions of nanxixiangji are the fuchuntang edition of Jinling and the proofread edition of Zhou Juyi in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. The 30th edition of the first collection of ancient opera series is photocopied according to the fuchuntang edition. In the late Ming Dynasty, sixty kinds of songs and six illusions west chamber are popular versions, which are quite different from the early versions. In addition, Li Rihua also wrote the legendary "four sceneries", which is also considerable and lost today. His Sanqu can be found in the selection of Southern CI rhymes, the chronicle of northern and southern palace Ci, Wu Sao's collection and so on, and has now been included in Quanming Sanqu.

Anecdotes of characters

Li Rihua and Suqian

Li Rihua (1565-1635) is a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty. He is good at appreciation and is known as "the gentleman of natural resources". He has two kinds of works, one is many works, the other is many nicknames. In the field of literati painting in the late Ming Dynasty, the literati and officials in the Ming Dynasty all had the leisure interest of being good at antiquities, among which Dong Qichang, Wang Weijian and Li Rihua were most famous. When they lived in the south of the Yangtze River, many Ming Dynasty adherents, painters and celebrities expressed their feelings in the landscape, borrowed paintings to express their feelings, and widely collected folk anecdotes.

According to the collection of famous people's paintings and calligraphy, Li Rihua's painting of Suqian's overflow in 1630 was handed down from generation to generation. "Ming history" records: Chongzhen years, the Yellow River, Huaihe rise overflow, the speaker asked to open high weir. Huai, Yang in the court of Gongshu strive to discuss Sui sleep. However, it was the decision of Jianyi at that time, reaching Huangdun Lake and Luoma Lake in Suqian to the south, and entering the Yellow River from Dong and Chen Ergou. In order to avoid the danger of the Yellow River, Si River was diverted to join Yi River. Li Rihua's "Suqian water overflow map" depicts the disaster of Suqian water overflow realistically and becomes the pioneer painter of Suqian water overflow map. We can appreciate Li Rihua's painting style nourished and bred by Jiangnan culture from Li Rihua's existing landscape works, such as the painting of fishing boats in Fenglin, the antique landscape, the three wonders of bamboo laziness, and the painting of orchid and stone. His paintings are permeated with Jiangnan literati's pursuit of a kind of elegant, elegant, leisurely, exquisite, subtle aesthetic taste, profound and extensive cultural heritage, thorough spiritual root understanding, and exquisite fusion of various artistic talents. Through Li Rihua's Suqian water overflow painting, we can appreciate his natural and unrestrained, elegant painting style, and we can see another side of his heart that is concerned about the national affairs and the people's livelihood, strong as fire, impassioned.

Suqian is a famous wine town with a long history in China. It has a profound historical and cultural heritage. Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the spring and Autumn period, Suqian was a vassal territory. The county was set up in Qin and Han Dynasties and called County in Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the first year of zongbaoying in Tang Dynasty, the county was renamed Suqian. So far, Suqian has nurtured countless heroes. Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, is the most outstanding historical figure. Shuanggou drunk ape is the earliest fossil found in Asia. Its importance is not only a scientific discovery, but also a cultural value for the ecological environment of Chinese natural wine.

Calligraphy and painting poems and wine

From ancient times to the present, literati and poets are always inseparable from wine. This is true of the poetry and calligraphy circles. Those famous painters who occupy the most romantic position in the painting world are "elegant, good and fond of wine". They either cultivate their temperament with famous mountains and rivers, or sing to the moon with wine before flowers, often "spit out ink in their chest when drunk". After they were drunk, they "stripped off their clothes and lifted their beards to make their ancestors bald and shining", and wine became an essential condition for their creation. Wine can be tasted, drunk, Sung and painted. Throughout the outstanding works of Chinese painting in the past dynasties, there are many themes related to wine culture. It can be said that poetry, calligraphy, painting and wine are inextricably linked. Li Rihua is one of the masters of wine, poetry, calligraphy and painting.

In the early spring of 1621 A.D., peach blossom was in full bloom at the beginning of the mountain. At the invitation of Li Rihua, Dong Qichang and other celebrities drank peach blossom wine in zitaoxuan study. On ancient and modern books, they talked about Liu Ling, one of the Seven Sages in the bamboo grove of the Western Jin Dynasty, who wrote the famous poem "Ode to drinking virtue": "if there is a great man, heaven and earth are one dynasty, ten thousand dynasties are a moment, the sun and the moon are two, and eight wastelands are courtyards. There are no footprints to walk, no houses to live in, and the ground to sit in the dusk, which is just like what I mean. " After tasting Zhao Mengfu's "Ode to wine", Dong Qichang said: "in the cursive script, Zhang Cao's brushwork is natural and elegant, exquisite and creative. It is worthy of Zhao Mengfu's elegant Zhang Cao's work." Among the drunken poems, Li Rihua invited Dong Qichang to write Liu Ling's famous poem "Ode to the virtue of wine". Dong Qichang was very drunk and happily wrote it. Because of the mistakes in the original text of "Ode to the virtue of wine" and the discrepancy of several words, such as "wake up" and "drunk", all belong to Dong Qichang's drunken book. Compared with the representative works of Bai Juyi's Pipa line and caoshu huaisu's autobiography, this work is not inferior. Later li Rihua said: "a few words in and out, when the beauty of the flaw does not hide the jade." This shows that most of the top works in the history of calligraphy are related to wine.

Li Rihua's poems are full of ups and downs. They are free and unrestrained, and they are extraordinary. They construct a fresh and clear artistic conception with plain and friendly language. Most of his poems on paintings are related to wine, so they have a unique flavor. He wrote in his long picture inscription: "don't look for poems, read idle books and drink wine." In the spring of 1911, Mo Ti fan and Xijun wrote: "I live in Yangliu village in the south of the Yangtze River, and I brew a hundred flower bottles in spring. I'll laugh at Liu Ling's wife all my life, and I'll go to the wine country together to win lumen. " Li Rihua's poem about fan is another elegant one. In his poem about painting Er Zhan fan, he wrote: "wine is injected into tile basin, ink is injected into stone basin. The wine is full of ink, and it turns upside down. "

Li Rihua loves to draw orchids and bamboos because he is the most bold and can practice his writing skills. Most of the subjects of orchid and bamboo were written by the ancients. In Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were many people painting orchid and bamboo, but few of them were successful. Li Rihua was one of the masters of painting orchid and bamboo. His poem entitled "orchid and bamboo" was mostly related to wine, and there was "a fragrant dew can sober up, a few leaves of wind accompany reading." "When the wind comes, I wake up last night's wine." There are also: "forget the wine ladle deep grass wrapped, drunk wake up the moon again to find." A poem about orchid and bamboo.

Chinese PinYin : Li Ri Hua