Li Bai

Li Bai

Li Bai

(701-762, December), Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "relegated immortal". A great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, he was praised as "poetic immortal" by later generations, and was called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. In order to distinguish him from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Xiao Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai were also called "Da Li Du". Li Zhimin, a professor at Peking University, commented: "Li Bai's poetry breathes the universe, which is beyond the Tao; Du Fu's poetry is inspired by Confucianism, which is the combination of heaven and man. "According to the old book of Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was born in Shandong Province; according to the new book of Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was the ninth grandson of Li Li, the emperor of Xingsheng. He is frank and generous. He likes to drink, write poems and make friends.

Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's thought of Liezhuang, and his poems were mostly written when he was drunk. His representative works include wanglushan waterfall, difficult journey, difficult Sichuan Road, going to wine, Ming Tang Fu, early departure from Baidi City, etc.

Li Bai's Ci and Fu have been recorded in Song Dynasty (for example, in the volume of Xiang Shan Ye Lu by Wen Ying). In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys a very high status.

Life of the characters

Early genius

In the first year of Chang'an (701), Li Bai was named Taibai. Its birthplace is now generally believed to be Qinglian Township, mianzhou (Brazil county), Changlong (Changming instead of Xuanzong). His ancestral home is Tianshui, Gansu Province. His family background and family are unknown.

In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian died in November. Li Bai is five years old. It's a year since I began to study hard. "History of Pei Chang in shanganzhou" says: "recite Liujia at the age of five." Liujia, the primary school literacy textbook of Tang Dynasty, is a long history, and the second official of the state.

In 715, Li Bai was 15 years old. There are many poems and Fu, and some celebrities praise and reward, began to engage in social activities. Also began to accept the influence of Taoism, good swordsmanship, like chivalry. It's Cen Shensheng.

In 718, Li Bai was 18 years old. He lived in seclusion in Daitian dakuangshan (now Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province) and studied. He traveled to pangjun, Jiangyou, Jiange, Zizhou and other places, and gained a lot of experience and insight.

Leaving relatives for a long journey

In 724, Li Bai was 24 years old. He left his hometown and embarked on a long journey. Then visit Chengdu and Mt. Emei, and sail east to Yuzhou (today's Chongqing city).

In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), Li Bai went out of Shu and "went to the country with his sword and left his relatives for a long journey.".

In 726, Li Bai was 26 years old. Spring to Yangzhou (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Autumn, sick lying in Yangzhou. In winter, from Yangzhou to Ruzhou (now Linru County, Henan Province), to Anlu (now Anlu County, Hubei Province). I met Li Yong when I passed by Chenzhou. Meet Meng Haoran.

In the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727), it was an imperial edict that "if there are civil and military talents among the people, they can recommend themselves to the imperial court.". In autumn, there were floods in 63 States and frost and drought in 17 states. Li Bai is 27 years old. Living in Shoushan of Anlu, he married the granddaughter of the former Prime Minister Xu Xun and lived in Anlu family by family. It was Wang Changling's first year.

In 728, the Tubo invaded many times. Li Bai is 28 years old. In early spring, I visited Jiangxia (now Wuhan City, Hubei Province) and met Meng Haoran here.

In the 17th year of Kaiyuan (729), on August 5, Tang Xuanzong held a grand celebration for his 40th birthday, and took August 5 every year as the Millennium Festival. The imperial edict that all the states in the world should have a feast and a three-day holiday. Yuwenrong was used to manage the national wealth and tax, enforce the tax law, and collect money for the imperial court. Li Bai is 29 years old. In Anlu.

waste one 's time

In 730, Li Bai was 30 years old. Spring is in Anlu. He had met with Pei Changshi of this prefecture many times before. Recently, he wrote a confession because he was slandered, and finally he was rejected. In the early summer, I went to Chang'an to visit Prime Minister Zhang Shuo and meet his son Zhang Xun. She lives in the other hall of Princess Yuzhen (Xuanzong Yumei) in Zhongnanshan. He also met with other princes and ministers, but there was no result. In the evening and autumn, you can visit Jiazhou (in the west of Chang'an). Visit Fangzhou (north of Chang'an) in winter. Du Fu was 19 years old and toured in Jin (now Shanxi Province).

In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (731), Xuanzong served as many eunuchs, especially in favor of Gao Lishi. When he played in all directions, he was decided by Gao Lishi first. In October, Xuanzong traveled to Luoyang. At the age of 31, Li Bai was a poor man in Chang'an. He gave up on himself and made friends with the people in Chang'an. Early summer, from Chang'an, by Kaifeng (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), to the song city (now Shangqiu County, Henan Province). In autumn, Zhongyue (a famous mountain in Dengfeng County, Henan Province), one of the five mountains in Songshan, is the place where yuandanqiu, an old friend, lives in seclusion. Late autumn, stay in Luoyang.

In October of the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), Xuanzong went on an inspection tour. Local officials could directly recommend local talents to the imperial court. December, return to Luoyang. This year, the number of households in China was more than 7.86 million, with a population of more than 45.43 million, the highest ever recorded. Li Bai met Yuan Yan and Cui Chengfu in Luoyang from spring to summer. Autumn, return to Anlu from Luoyang. Through Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province), I met Cui Zongzhi. In the winter, yuanyan visited Anlu from Luoyang, and they visited Suizhou (now suixian County, Hubei Province) together. At the end of his life, he returned home to Anlu.

In the first month of 733, Emperor Xuanzong annotated Tao Te Ching. Let the families of the scholars and commoners (the servants and commoners with low status) keep a book, and try the strategy of Laozi every year. Li Bai, 33 years old, is located in taohuayan, baizhaoshan, Anlu. Open mountains and fields, daily farming, reading for life.

Offering Fu for official career

In the first month of the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Li Bai presented his work "Ming Tang Fu" to Xuanzong, which said: "the sky worships Ming Tang, and the sky opens." He also said: "four gates open, all nations come, and I will enter the ranks of the virtuous. It's just like the emperor's residence, but it's a place of worship. It's so leisurely! " According to the words "Chen Bai's praise" in the Fu, it is suspected that Taibai had made a contribution to Xuanzong in Luoyang, the eastern capital. This Fu highly praises the magnificence of Mingtang, describes the magnificent atmosphere of Kaiyuan heyday and the author's political ideal.

The writing purpose of Li Bai's Ming Tang Fu is to seek the official position. His writing time is before the demolition of Ming Tang in the 27th year of Kaiyuan Dynasty. His Fu Ming Tang is for the need of seeking an official position, and for the need of "Kuang Jun with the road". Because of his family, Li Bai could not be promoted to official career, but could only take the road of offering Fu, which is the reason why he really offered Fu for official career.

In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), Xuanzong went hunting again. At the same time, Li Bai was also traveling to the West. He took the opportunity to present "Da lie Fu", hoping to win the appreciation of Xuanzong. His "Da lie Fu" is intended to be "a great way to Kuang Jun, to show the wealth of Zhou Dynasty", while "the garden and pool of the holy Dynasty is desolate, and the situation is very different from that of the previous generation. It boasts that this dynasty is far superior to the Han Dynasty, and preaches the mystery of Taoism at the end, so as to conform to Xuanzong's mood of advocating Taoism at that time.

In the same year, after entering Chang'an, Li Bai met Wei Wei Zhang Qing, and through him, he presented a poem to Princess Yuzhen. The last two sentences said, "when to enter the young room, the queen mother should meet each other", which is to wish her to become an immortal. Thus, he approached the upper class of the ruling class step by step. Li Bai also met he Zhizhang in Chang'an this time. Li Bai went to Ziji palace and met he Zhizhang there. He immediately went to meet him and presented the poem in his sleeve. He Zhizhang quite appreciates "Shu Dao Nan" and "Wu Qi Qu". He Zhizhang was so surprised by Li Bai's magnificent poems and elegant demeanor that he said: "the public is not a human being, but a Taibai star?" He Zhizhang called him a "banishment of immortals". Three years later, Li Bai left Chang'an with the exclamation of "it's hard to travel, go back".

Worship Hanlin

In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), because of the praise from Princess Yuzhen and he Zhizhang, Xuanzong saw Li Bai's poems and Fu and admired them very much, so he called Li Bai into the palace. On the day when Li Bai came to court, Emperor Xuanzong stepped down to greet him with his chariot. "He gave food to the front with his seven treasure beds and personally served spoons.". When Xuanzong asked about some affairs of the day, Li Bai, with his half life's study and long-term observation of the society, had a clear mind and answered them like a stream. Xuanzong greatly appreciated it, and then ordered Li Bai to worship the Hanlin. His duty was to write poems for the emperor for entertainment, and to accompany the emperor.

Every time Xuanzong had a banquet or an outing, he ordered Li Bai's attendants to use his quick poetic talent to write poems on the spot. Although it is not a record of merit, it also spread its writing to later generations and boasted to later generations with grand occasion. Li Bai was so favored by Xuanzong that his colleagues were envied, but some people were jealous.

In 743, Li Bai was 43 years old. Imperial Academy. In the early spring, Emperor Xuanzong was engaged in music in the palace, and Li Bai was awarded a royal robe in the imperial edict. In late spring, the peonies in Xingqing Lake were in full bloom. Xuanzong and Yang Yuhuan enjoyed them together, and Li Bai was ordered to write qingpingdiao. He became increasingly tired of the life of the imperial literati and began to indulge himself in drinking. With he Zhizhang and others knot "wine in the immortal" tour, Xuanzong call not toward. The imperial edict was drafted in Fengzhao's drunkenness, which led the powerful men to take off their boots. People in the palace hated it and slandered Xuanzong. Xuanzong spared it, and later Xuanzong gave back the gold.

Li meets Du

In the summer, Li Bai went to Luoyang, the eastern capital of China. Here, he met Du Fu. Two of the greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai was famous all over the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but he was trapped in Los Angeles. Li Bai is eleven years older than Du Fu, but he is not proud of Du Fu in his own name. However, Du Fu, who is also a wine addict and has made friends with a lot of people, did not bow his head to praise Li Bai. They established a deep friendship with equal status. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet next time in the Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Kaifeng and Shangqiu areas) to visit Taoism and seek immortals.

Chinese PinYin : Li Bai