Li Fangying

Li Fangying

Li Fangying (1695-1755) was a native of Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu Province) in the south of the Yangtze River. He lives in Jinling borrowed garden, and he is the owner of the garden. He was a poet and official in Qing Dynasty. He was good at painting pine, bamboo, orchid and chrysanthemum, especially plum. It is one of the "eight eccentric writers in Yangzhou". Being upright and upright, honest and loving the people. Born in an official family, he once served as the magistrate of Le'an County, Lanshan County, Qianshan County, and acting as the magistrate of Chuzhou. When he was an official, he "favoured the government and was virtuous". Later, he was dismissed because of a false accusation. After he went to work, he lived in Nanjing to borrow the garden and called himself the owner of the garden. He often went to Yangzhou to sell paintings. With Li Yi, Jin Nong, Zheng Xie and other contacts, works poetry, calligraphy and painting, good at plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine, fish, etc., pay attention to learning from tradition and nature, can be self-contained, its strokes vigorous old thick, simple cut, not stick to the shape, lively and vivid. It is listed as one of the eight monsters in Yangzhou. There are "wind bamboo map", "fish map", "Mo Mei map" handed down. "Plum blossom tower poetry notes". He is good at painting pine, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum, plum, miscellaneous flowers and insect fish. He can also paint figures and landscapes, especially plum. The work is bold and unconstrained, full of ink, rough head and random clothing, not sticking to the rope and ink. It is intended to be between ivy, Baiyang and zhuhan. Painted plum is known for its thin and hard, old stems and new branches, and curly sides. The famous poem inscribed with plum blossom has the sentence of "no break, no surprise". I also like painting pine and bamboo in the wind. Work book. There are only twenty-six poems in Mei Hua Lou Shi Cao, most of which are scattered in paintings.

brief account of the author's life

In 1728, Emperor Yongzheng was recommended as a "virtuous and upright person" to renew his official administration. The next year, Li Yuzhen went to Beijing to report on his work. Li Fangying, 34, went to Beijing with his father. At the meeting, Emperor Yongzheng pitied Li Yuchen for his old age and asked, "do you have a son with you?" He said to him, "the fourth son, Fang Ying, came with us." "What is the position, and whether it wins the official position?" He said to him, "a student is also a man of Gan nature, not an official." Yongzheng said with a smile, "I have never learned to raise my son before I married him." That is to summon Tian Wenjing, governor of Hedong, who is in charge of Henan and Shandong, to appoint him as a coastal county magistrate.

In 1730, Li Fang was appointed magistrate of Le'an County in Shandong Province. In the summer and autumn of that year, the flood in Le'an was disastrous, and thousands of families were floating in the oars, so the situation was urgent. Without the approval of his superior, Li Fangying opened a warehouse for relief. He ordered to use 1200 stones of imperial grain in stock to relieve the disaster. However, he was impeached by Qingzhou government for opening an official warehouse privately. The governor, Tian Wenjing, did not give a reason. Instead, he praised Li Fangying for his courage, wisdom and contribution to the people. After the disaster, after on-the-spot investigation, Li Fangying wrote such works as Xiao Qing He Yi, Min Huang Yao LAN, and a glimpse of Shandong water conservancy. In 1732, he was promoted to the governor of Juzhou. In 1734, he was transferred back to be the magistrate of Le'an county. In the winter of the same year, he became the magistrate of Lanshan county.

In 1735, he was dismissed from office and jailed for opposing the reclamation order of Wang Wenjun, the new governor of Yongzheng. He wrote directly about the malpractice and angered his superior. He became a "Lanshan unjust case" that shocked the government and the opposition at that time. The people said in an uproar: "if the public is convicted for the sake of the people, please visit the prison." groups of farmers from Lanshan and Juzhou went to Qingzhou prison to visit with chicken millet wine. When the warders were not allowed to see them, the common people threw the money and food they had brought into the high walls of the prison. The wine altar left behind blocked the gate and corridor of the prison. The unjust imprisonment lasted for three years. It was not until the first year of Emperor Qianlong (1736) of the Qing Dynasty that Emperor Qianlong investigated the disturbance of reclamation policy to the people and dismissed Wang Shijun that he was vindicated. On that day, the documents were sent to Qingzhou. That night, Li Fangying was released. Li Fangying came to the capital for an audience, and was waiting under the locust tree in the west of Danlong in the military aircraft room. Zhu Shi, the great scholar, pointed out to the kings and ministers that this was Li Lanshan, the county magistrate who dissuaded reclamation. Those who want to see but can't squeeze forward, with their hands and forehead, look far away and say: is that the thin and long one with God's eyes? Zhao Guolin, the father of shaozongbo and Li Fangying, were Jinshi in the same year. Holding Li Fangying's hand, they said, "Li gongnan has a son.". After the meeting, Li Fangying was transferred to Anhui Province to serve as a magistrate. Li Fangying asked for leave to return home to support his mother instead of taking office.

After the fourth year of Emperor Qianlong (1739), Li Fangying's parents died one after another and spent six years in mourning at home. At the end of the system, he was appointed magistrate of Qianshan County, Anhui Province, and was transferred to the county magistrate of Hefei. At this time of famine, Li Fangying made his own disaster relief measures according to the past practice, and refused to "show filial respect" to his boss. He was resented. The Taishou, together with the unwarranted charge of "embezzlement and perversion of the law", dismissed from office. After 20 years as a county magistrate, Li Fangying was trapped by the prefect three times. Li Fangying said with great emotion: in the Han Dynasty, the prefect was successful; in later generations, the prefect was bad.

After Li Fangying dismissed from office, he lived in the Xiang's borrowing garden in Jinling (Nanjing) in Nanjing. He called himself the owner of the borrowing garden and often traveled to Yangzhou to sell paintings for food and clothing. In his later years, he wrote a poem: "I often beg for rice without land, and the plum garden sells plum flowers all day long." the seal of "changing rice to make a living" was often stamped on the paintings. He had a close relationship with Yuan Mei, a great poet living in Nanjing, and Shen Feng, a seal cutter. He often traveled together, which was called "three immortals coming out of the cave".

In Nanjing, Li Fangying also met Ding Jing, a seal cutter. Ding Jing was proud, and his seal was rare at that time, but Li Fangying got several seals from Ding Jing. Some people think it's very strange that Ding Jing himself stated in his yinba: Li Fangying in Tongzhou, Qingjiang, Gonghua Mei, arrogant and uninhibited. He retired from office and lived in Xiang's garden in Jinling. He traveled with Shen Buluo and Yuan Zicai in Japan To love his poetry, for the number of print send, talk about a gift of spring.

In 1754, Li Fangying, who had been selling paintings in Nanjing for five years, returned to his hometown because of physical discomfort. When he was seriously ill, he tried his best to write to Yuan Mei: "Fang Ying has been back for two days. He is very ill! I'm going to tell you my background and story. Fang Ying was born but not heard of. It's OK to borrow his son's literary light in the secluded palace! September 2, Baibai. This is a tomb inscription written by Yuan Mei for himself. By the time Yuan Mei received the last letter, Li Fangying had been dead for many days. According to the messenger, this "one day before my lord died, he ordered yuan to help him up, and Li Ji wrote.". On September 3 of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1754), when he was 59 years old, he suffered from "choking disease" (esophageal cancer). The doctor said: "this is a strange and negative Qi. It's melancholy but not comfortable. It's not something that can be cured by medicine.". On his deathbed, he wrote down his regret on his coffin: "I don't regret my death, I cherish my hand!"

Li Fangying is good at painting pine, bamboo, orchid, chrysanthemum, plum, miscellaneous flowers and insect fish. He can also paint figures, landscapes, especially plum. The work is bold and unconstrained, full of ink, rough head and random clothing, not sticking to the rope and ink. It is intended to be between ivy, Baiyang and zhuhan. Plum blossom painting is famous for its thin and hard, old and new branches, and winding on its side. I also like painting pine and bamboo in the wind. There are only 26 poems in meihualou, most of which are scattered in paintings. Handed down as "wind bamboo map", "fish map" and so on.

Art career

Li Fangying, a famous painter from Nantong, is neither a native of Yangzhou, nor has he lived in Yangzhou for a long time to sell his paintings like Huang Shen and Jin Nong. Why is he among the "eight monsters of Yangzhou"? On this issue, Guan Jincheng's manuscript biography of Li Fangying, published in the third volume of the Chinese literature and history treatise in 1980, has been researched. The main points are as follows: 1. The character, painting and other seven people (according to Li, Wang Shishen, Gao Xiang, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie and Luo pin) are equal;

2、 Before 1723, Tongzhou was only a scattered state belonging to Yangzhou Prefecture. When Li Fangying entered school in 1718, his native place was Tongzhou, Yangzhou Prefecture, so he was a Yangzhou person in a broad sense. Li Fangying's friendship with Zheng Banqiao, the leader of the "eight monsters of Yangzhou", can be seen from the above-mentioned paintings of flowers and three friends.

First of all, Banqiao highly admired Li Fangying's painting. Ink bamboo is Zheng Banqiao's best skill, but in his book titled Li Fangying's ink bamboo book, he still thinks that Li's ink bamboo is "Dongpo, and awe inspiring", even Su Shi, the master of ink bamboo painting, is "awe inspiring", which shows his high evaluation. As for Mo Mei, which Li Fangying is most good at, the discussion is more specific and the evaluation is higher

The painting of orchid and bamboo is not good for everyone. Plum blossom, the world is not done, not to mention good. But the common monk himself does it. Every time I see a large section of charcoal supporting my eyes, I feel disgusted. Fourth brother li of Qingjiang did it alone when the whole world didn't do it, so it was hard to see the work, but he had to do it by mouth. Therefore, his plum painting is the first in the world. The sun gazes, the night conceives, the body forgets in the clothes, the mouth forgets in the taste, then leads the plum's spirit, reaches the plum's nature, infuses the plum's rhyme, spits out the plum's sentiment, the plum also bows down to submit, enters its cutting and carving but cannot come out. The so-called tailoring, never cutting, is true cutting; the so-called scribe, never depicting, is true depicting. If you ask about the Qingjiang River, you don't know it, and you can't tell others. If you come to Tongzhou, you can see this volume, and you are very excited. This volume of new branches and ancient trunks, mixed with flying, makes people unable to find their ups and downs. I want to sit under it, do ten days' homework, and then go to the ear. On May 13, the 25th year of Qianlong reign, Zheng xieman wrote the title of Banqiao.

On this painting, he also wrote a four character poem: Megan's gnawing, Meitai's YeYe, some ice souls and eternal snow.

According to the postscript of Zheng Banqiao's "inscription on Huang Shen's painting of Ding Youyu's image" (collection of rubbings of Banqiao's calligraphy and painting, the original of which is kept in Nantong Museum), "Hao Xiangshan is the servant of Li Gong in Qingjiang, and his master's pen and ink are like arched wall, while the postscript is written by the old man in Banqiao." Zheng Banqiao came to TongZhou for the second time at the age of 68 in the early summer of the 25th year of Emperor Qianlong (1760), and was the servant of Li Fangying

Chinese PinYin : Li Fang Ying