monorchid herminium herb(ren can guo )

Ginseng fruit method:

Raw materials for making ginseng fruit:

Coriander root, 5000g; soy sauce, 2000g; pepper, 100g; fresh ginger, a little; refined salt, 1000g

Processing steps of ginseng fruit:

Take off the coriander root, wash it and scald it with boiling water for use; cut ginger into shreds, add water to boil the pepper, refined salt and soy sauce, cool them in the air, mix them with the prepared raw materials, put them in the jar, seal the mouth, and eat them in about 10 days.

Characteristics of ginseng fruit:

It's crispy and spicy

monorchid herminium herb

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Ginseng fruit (< ipepino melon < / I), formerly known as melon eggplant, also known as longevity fruit, Phoenix fruit, Yan fruit, originated in South America, belongs to Solanaceae perennial dicotyledonous grass plant. When the fruit matures, the skin is golden yellow and looks like a human heart. Its pulp taste is unique, crisp and juicy. It is a popular fruit

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definition

Ginseng fruit is a perennial herb, belonging to Solanaceae, native to the north foot of Andes in South America. Ginseng fruit plant is about 1 meter high with vigorous branches and easy to shape. Each plant can bear 5-20 fruits. The fruit is oval in shape with jade white background and purplish red pattern when it matures. It can be hung on the branches for 5-6 months without falling off. It can be used as a bonsai with ornamental value. Ginseng fruit has high nutritional value and health care function. It can be eaten raw or cooked

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Nutrients

The pulp contains high protein, low fat, low sugar, etc., and is rich in amino acids, vitamin C, selenium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, iron and other ten kinds of trace elements which are beneficial to human body. It is a kind of vegetable and fruit dual-purpose food with comprehensive nutrition, which can supplement the human body's needs and has nutritional and health care value

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morphological character

Ginseng fruit is a perennial plant, the plant height is 50 ~ 100cm, the stem is white pilose, soft, multi branched, nearly round. Leaves alternate, simple, elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute, entire, reticulate. Flowers bisexual, cyme, with 5-12 flowers, small peduncle slender, 0.5-0.8 cm. Flower Zun is small, about 1cm in diameter, Zun piece 5, light green, triangular. Corolla 5-lobed, blue purple and white. 5 stamens, inserted at the base of corolla, alternate with lobes, anther 2-locular, dehiscent; 1 pistil, ovary composed of 2 carpels, superior, divided into many locules by pseudoseptum, embryo plants mostly, placentation of axis. The fruit is a heart-shaped berry with purple stripes

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Ecological habits

Ginseng fruit is a subtropical fruit, the requirements of the soil is not very strict, but it grows better in the sandy soil with more humus. It likes warm and dry climate. The suitable temperature for its growth is 18 ~ 25 ℃. If the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the seedlings will be damaged by freezing. Especially in the cold winter in northern China, it needs to be moved indoors in time. It can blossom and bear fruit all year round, generally about 7 days from flowering to young fruit appearance, and 50-70 days from young fruit appearance to fruit maturity

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Distribution range

It is now produced in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Guangxi and other places. The altitude is about 1000-2000 meters.

Main value

Pharmacological value

Ginseng fruit has a wide range of pharmacological effects, high safety and broad market prospects. Especially in the aspect of health food, in addition to the development of functional products such as enhancing immunity and relieving physical fatigue, it can also be used as an adjuvant treatment product for patients with Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. Its efficacy can be related to auxiliary Hypolipidemia, auxiliary hypoglycemia, antioxidant, auxiliary memory improvement, sleep improvement, weight loss, etc

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economic value

Ginseng fruit is crisp and juicy, sweet and juicy, fragrant and delicious. It is not only rich in calcium and protein, but also low in sugar and fat. It also contains 18 kinds of essential trace elements such as selenium and diamond. According to scientific determination, every gram of fresh fruit contains 9.10mg calcium and 3.0 μ g selenium, especially selenium can improve the body's immune function. It is known as "green health treasure". In addition, if it is made into bonsai, it can not only beautify the room, but also has better ornamental value

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cultivation techniques

There are two cultivation techniques of ginseng fruit: one is seed propagation, namely sexual propagation; the other is cutting propagation, namely asexual propagation

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cuttage propagation

(1) Ginseng fruit has many lateral branches, simple cutting and easy survival

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(2) The plot with high and flat terrain, fertile and loose soil and no solanaceous crops planted in recent years was selected as seedbed

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(3) When cutting, it is best to choose the branches more than 30 cm, thick and soft, without diseases and pests. After selecting the branches, cut them into 12 cm long segments, remove the leaves and leave the petioles. When cutting in winter, only 3-5 cm of branches can be buried in the soil, and the cuttings can be appropriately shortened. The survival rate is high when cutting and inserting. In order to promote rooting, the lower end of the branch should be cut into an inclined plane and quickly dipped in 50-200 μ L / L NAA or IAA for 1 / 3 of the lower part of the branch. When cutting, first pour enough water, and then cutting. After all planting, a layer of fine soil should be spread to prevent soil moisture evaporation

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(4) Too high or too low temperature is not conducive to the germination of roots and new branches

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Seed reproduction

Ginseng fruit can be sown all year round. Under the condition of open field, spring is the most suitable. There is a lot of rain in autumn, so we should take shading and rainproof measures. The seeds should be soaked to promote germination before transplanting, and the seeds can be sown when the ground temperature of 10 cm is stable above 12 ℃. After sowing, the temperature should be kept at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and no less than 15 ℃ at night. In high temperature season, the temperature should be strictly controlled no more than 28 ℃. Under the premise of watering the sole of the soil, the water is usually not watered before emergence, and then moderately watered according to the soil water condition after emergence. In the case of sufficient base fertilizer, fertilizer is generally not applied at seedling stage, but foliar spraying. When the seeds arch the soil, remove the mulch and sprinkle a layer of fine soil on the bed surface to enhance moisture retention, increase soil pressure and reduce wearing cap

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Cultivation management

(1) Selection of cultivation site

There are a wide range of planting sites, such as clay land, sandy land, mountain land and so on. However, to meet the conditions of greenhouse high-yield cultivation, it is best to choose the site with good ventilation, loose soil and good drainage

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(2) Soil preparation and fertilization

In the early stage, we should apply enough base fertilizer and fully decomposed farmyard fertilizer, with the amount of 8000-10000 kg per hectare. Usage: spread 1 / 2 of the base fertilizer on the ground and turn the soil deeply to ensure that the fertilizer and loam are mixed evenly. The remaining base fertilizer was furrowed according to the row spacing, supplemented with diammonium phosphate, 30-40 kg per time, furrow application. At the same time, covering soil, adding water, ridging. Generally, it is cultivated in rows of 80-100 cm × 40-50 cm. The ridge height is 15 cm and the depth is 15-20 cm. It is better to open irrigation ditch in the middle of the border, spread plastic film on the surface of the border, and form the form of subsurface irrigation under the film on the high border

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In the later stage of topdressing management, ginseng fruit likes fertile soil. In the growth process, it should be completed according to the growth of plants. In the whole growth period of ginseng fruit plant, the amount of top dressing should not be less than twice, one at seedling stage and the other at flowering stage. The proportion of various nutrients must be mastered when topdressing every time. It is not allowed to overuse or apply a certain fertilizer, and when topdressing, it is necessary to pay attention to the concentration of fertilizer, so as to avoid direct contact with the root of ginseng fruit, causing the root to be burned, affecting the nutrient absorption and transportation. After planting, the fixed root should be watered in time, and attention should be paid to the water demand time of the plant

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(3) Planting management

The suitable temperature index for ginseng fruit planting is that the minimum temperature is no less than 5 ℃, and the ground temperature of 10 cm is stable above 12 ℃. Small amount of water should be poured 2 days before planting, so that the seedlings can not be scattered. The root system should be preserved as far as possible when the seedlings are raised, and the strong seedlings with thick stems, short nodes and no diseases and pests should be selected for planting. In autumn and winter, because the weather is still warm, it can be planted with clear water. That is to say, in the planting ditch, the seedlings are planted first according to the spacing between plants and rows, and then watered. This method is labor-saving, large amount of watering, and is conducive to slow seedling growth. When planting in the cold season, it is best to use the method of dry planting first and then watering separately. When the water seeps through, it will be covered with soil. After that, the plants were watered one or two times, and then the seedlings were watered along the ditch. For those covered with plastic film, they usually plant seedlings after opening holes, cover with soil and then water, fill with soil and seal the membrane mouth after water seepage

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(4) Pruning

The cuttings of ginseng fruit can germinate 1-4 main branches, and each nodule of main branch can germinate many lateral branches. Most of the main branches and lateral branches should be reserved, which should be adjusted according to different seasons and densities. Usually, the denser one has two main branches, and the sparser one has three. In the early stage, one lateral branch is left, and in the middle stage, 1-2 lateral branches are left, so that 5-7 lateral branches can be ensured in the later stage. If it is planted densely, no side branches can be left to ensure ventilation and light

Chinese PinYin : Ren Can Guo