Shaoxing yellow rice wine(shao xing huang jiu )

Shaoxing yellow rice wine

Shaoxing yellow rice wine production steps:

Rice wine is made from rice, millet, black rice, corn, wheat, etc. through steaming, mixing with wheat koji, rice koji or wine medicine, saccharification and fermentation.

Characteristics of Shaoxing rice wine:

Shaoxing wine has unique color, aroma and taste, which can be called the first taste of Chinese rice wine. The color is amber, or orange. It is transparent, clear, pure and lovely, which makes people pleasing to the eye; fragrance, with attractive fragrance, the longer it is stored, the more fragrant it will be; taste, mellow, sweet and fresh, endless aftertaste, sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, fresh, astringent and taste harmonious integration; lattice, refers to an unusual style and style formed by color and fragrance.

Shaoxing wine

synonym

Shaoxing yellow rice wine generally refers to Shaoxing wine

Shaoxing wine, a specialty of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, is a national geographic indication product of China.

Shaoxing wine, also known as Shaoxing yellow rice wine and Shaoxing old wine, is stronger over time, so Shaoxing wine is called old wine. The older it gets, the more fragrant it becomes.

Shaoxing wine is a famous specialty of Shaoxing with a long history of production. According to the literature, Shaoxing liquor making was very common during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Lu's spring and Autumn Annals contains the story of "toulao Laoshi" by Gou Jian, king of Yue. Up to now, there are still ruins of "toulao River" in the city. By the northern and Southern Dynasties, Shaoxing old wine had become a tribute. Shaoxing old wine is one of the most award-winning wine varieties in China.

On 09 2015, 25, when President Xi Jinping visited the United States, the Shaoxing wine was the yellow wine in the state banquet menu.

Product features

overview

Yellow rice wine is one of the three ancient wines in the world. It originated from China and is unique in China. Shaoxing wine is the most popular one in the international and domestic market, which can represent the general characteristics of Chinese rice wine.

Shaoxing wine is mainly amber, that is, orange, transparent and clear, pure and lovely. This kind of transparent amber color mainly comes from the natural pigments of raw rice and wheat itself and the addition of appropriate amount of sugar.

Shaoxing wine has attractive aroma, which is not a particular heavy aroma, but a complex aroma, which is composed of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, carbonyl compounds and phenols. These flavoring substances come from the metabolism of rice and wheat koji, as well as a variety of microorganisms during fermentation and the reaction of alcohol and acid during storage. When they are combined, they produce a strong fragrance, which is often stronger over time. Therefore, Shaoxing wine is called old wine, because the older it gets, the more fragrant it becomes.

Liuwei

sweet taste

There are 89 kinds of sugars, such as glucose and maltose, produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of rice and wheat koji. In addition, the sweet amino acids, 2,3-butanediol, glycerin, dextrin and polyol were produced in fermentation. All these substances are sweet, which endows Shaoxing wine with moist, plump and thick endoplasm, and gives it a sweet and sticky feeling when drinking.

Sour taste

Acid can increase strong taste and reduce sweet taste. There are more than 10 kinds of organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid in Shaoxing wine. The sour taste mainly comes from rice, koji, the added water and the oxidation of alcohol and aldehyde, but most of them are produced by yeast metabolism in the fermentation process. Among them, acetic acid, butyric acid and other volatile acids are the main substances leading to mellow feeling; succinic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid and other volatile acids are the main substances leading to aftertaste. Acid is not enough, often dull; acid is too big, and acrid rough; only a certain amount of a variety of acids, in order to form a sweet, refreshing, mellow unique wine. The so-called "old" and "tender" of wine refers to the content of acid, which plays an important role in buffering the taste of wine.

bitterness

Bitter substances in wine have high sensitivity in taste and long duration, but they are not necessarily bad taste. The bitterness of Shaoxing wine mainly comes from some amino acids, tyrosol, methylthioadenosine and amines produced during fermentation. In addition, sugar color can also bring a certain scorch bitterness. Just the right bitterness makes the taste fresh and brings a special flavor to the wine.

Pungent taste

Pungent taste is not the taste pursued by drinkers, but it is indispensable in Shaoxing wine. It is composed of alcohol, higher alcohol and acetaldehyde, mainly alcohol. Moderate pungent taste has the effect of improving appetite. Without moderate pungent taste, it will lack a sense of taste like ordinary drinks.

Delicious

The taste of Shaoxing wine is more obvious than other yellow rice wine. The taste of Shaoxing wine comes from glutamic acid, aspartic acid, polypeptide and nitrogenous base. All of these substances are delicious. In addition, succinic acid and 5-nucleotides produced by yeast autolysis are also tasty.

Astringency

The astringency of Shaoxing wine is mainly composed of lactic acid, tyrosine, isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol. Appropriate astringency can make the wine taste soft.

The chemical components of the above six Shaoxing wines restrict and influence each other, harmoniously integrate to form the unusual color, aroma and taste of Shaoxing wine. Shaoxing wine is yellow, clear, mellow, sweet and fragrant. Its color and fragrance are amazing.

classification

According to the sugar content, Shaoxing wine can be divided into four types: yuan red wine, Jiafan wine, Shanjiu wine and Xiangxue wine.

Yuan red wine, also known as the number one red wine, is named after the scarlet color painted on the altar wall in the past. It is the bulk product of Shaoxing wine. It belongs to dry yellow rice wine with sugar content less than 15.0 g / L.

Jiafan wine, also known as Huadiao wine, is the best variety of Shaoxing wine. As the name suggests, rice wine is to reduce the amount of water in the proportion of raw materials, which is a typical representative of semi dry rice wine. The sugar content is about 15.1-40.0 g / L.

Good wine making is a double set of wine made from yuan red wine stored for one to three years instead of water. The wine is dark yellow, fragrant, strong texture and sweet taste. Shanjiu is a kind of mother child wine with good quality. It is a typical representative of semi sweet yellow rice wine with sugar content of 40.1-100.0 g / L.

Xiangxue wine is brewed with 45% aging trough instead of water and rice drenching method. It is also a double set wine with white body. Like white snow, it is a typical representative of sweet yellow rice wine with sugar content of more than 100 g / L.

Origin environment

Environmental climate

In order to make good wine, there must be an environment and climate suitable for the comprehensive and coordinated growth of wine making microorganisms. Shaoxing is located in the southeast coast of China. Geographically, Shaoxing is located in the northeast of Zhejiang Province, with Kuaiji mountain in the south, Shaoyu plain in the north and Hangzhou Bay at the mouth of Qiantang River about 20 kilometers away. Shaoyu plain is a fluvial alluvial plain formed by Qiantang River, Puyang River and Cao'e River. The whole plain is open and flat, with fresh air and high humidity, and there are many microorganisms in the air Facing the sea, it is open and flat with warm and hot climate and rich soil and water. In the north, Siming Mountain and Kuaiji mountain are rich in forest, with Masson Pine and other trees. The beneficial bacteria produced in the southern mountain forests always enter the sky of Shaoyu plain, and tree pollen is one of them. Shaoxing liquor is a kind of open natural fermentation liquor. The brewing process of Shaoxing liquor, such as rice soaking, rice steaming, fermentation, sterilization and storage, is closely related to the whole environment and climate. Especially in the fermentation process, the production of wheat koji and liquor medicine depends on natural cultivation. There are no less than 400 kinds of complex components, which are integrated by the single bacteria of the raw material itself and the natural bacteria in nature It is full and unique Shaoxing wine. Shaoxing is located in the southern edge of the north subtropical zone, where the East Asian monsoon prevails. Affected by the alternation of cold and heat, Shaoxing has four distinct seasons, long winter and summer, and short spring and autumn. Abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine, humid and mild. The traditional technology of Shaoxing wine production is also seasonal production according to seasonal changes. These bacteria for brewing rice wine are inoculated by microorganisms in the air and raw materials. The differences of environment and climate affect the differences of bacteria. Therefore, the taste of rice wine brewed in different places is different. Shaoxing's geographical location, climate and humidity are very suitable for the growth of brewing microorganisms. Even Shaoxing's air contains a favorable microbiosphere for brewing, which is quite stable, It also created the unique flavor of Shaoxing wine.

Water Quality

The quality of water directly affects the brewing of wine. In Shaoxing, Jianhu water is known as "the blood of wine". Yellow rice wine belongs to low alcohol brewing wine, water accounts for 80% of it. In the process of saccharification and fermentation, water is needed, so the quality of water directly affects the quality of wine. The water used in Shaoxing wine brewing is generally from Jianhu Lake in Shaoxing. The excellent water quality of Jianhu Lake forms the unique quality of Shaoxing wine. It can be said that Shaoxing wine can not be brewed without Jianhu Lake water. Liang Zhangju, a man of Qing Dynasty, once said in the sequel to the traces of waves: "when the mountains are covered, the water is the most suitable for drinking, but when the place is changed, it can't be good. Therefore, Shaoxing is brewed in other places, but the water is different, and the taste is far inferior.". In recent years, some foreign manufacturers want to introduce Shaoxing liquor koji, or make the production process of Shaoxing liquor into a complete set

Chinese PinYin : Shao Xing Huang Jiu