oil-tea camellia(you cha )

Method of Camellia oleifera

Raw materials for making Camellia oleifera

500 grams of flour, 100 grams of beef marrow oil, cooked sesame, sweet scented osmanthus sauce each a little, 250 grams of sugar.

Steps of Camellia oleifera production:

1. Put the beef marrow oil into the pot, melt it over high heat, remove the oil residue, add the flour and stir fry it over low heat for about 30 minutes. When the flour is golden yellow, take it out of the pot and let it cool, or press it down with a rolling pin. Then mix in the crushed sesame seeds to make Camellia oleifera.

2. Take 50g of Camellia oleifera and put it into a bowl. Use boiling water to make a suitable thick paste. Then mix in sugar and sprinkle with osmanthus sauce.

Characteristics of Camellia oleifera L

This product is sweet, rich in nutrition, filling marrow, brain, tonic.

oil-tea camellia

Camellia oleifera (Latin name < icamellia oleifera < / I Abel.) alias: camellia, Camellia oleifera, camellia; Camellia oleifera belongs to Theaceae, small evergreen trees. Because its seeds can be pressed oil (tea oil) for consumption, it is named. Tea oil is a kind of high quality edible oil with clear color, fragrant taste, rich nutrition and storage resistance. It can also be used as lubricating oil and antirust oil in industry. Tea cake is not only a pesticide, but also a fertilizer, which can improve the water storage capacity of farmland and control rice pests. Peel is the raw material of tannin extract.

In December 2018, Hunan Shaoyang Camellia oleifera was awarded the National Climate mark of agricultural products climate quality.

morphological character

Shrubs or medium trees; shoots coarsely hairy. Leaves leathery, elliptic, oblong or obovate, apex pointed and obtuse, sometimes acuminate or obtuse, base cuneate, 5-7 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, sometimes longer, dark green above, shiny, midrib hirsute or pilose, light green below, glabrous or midrib hirsute, lateral veins visible above, inconspicuous below, margin serrate, sometimes obtuse, petiole 4-long -8 mm, hirsute.

Flowers terminal, nearly sessile, bracts and sepals about 10, gradually increasing from outside to inside, broadly ovate, 3-12 mm long, abaxially with close pubescence or sericeous hairs, falling off after anthesis, petals white, 5-7, obovate, 2.5-3 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, sometimes shorter or longer, apex concave or 2-lobed, base narrow, nearly free, abaxially with silky hairs, at least in the outermost with silky hairs ; stamens 1-1.5 cm long, lateral stamens only slightly connected at the base, occasionally with filament tube 7 mm long, glabrous, anthers yellow, dorsally inserted; ovary with long yellow hairs, 3-5-locular, style about 1 cm long, glabrous, apex 3-lobed to varying degrees.

Capsule globose or ovoid, 2-4 cm in diameter, 3-locular or 1-locular, 3-or 2-lobed, 1 or 2-seeded in each locule, 3-5 mm thick, woody, coarser rachis; petiole 3-5 mm long, thick, with short ring after bracts and sepals falling off. It blooms in winter and spring.

Growth habit

Camellia like warm, afraid of cold, the average annual temperature of 16 ~ 18 ℃, flowering average temperature of 12 ~ 13 ℃. Sudden low temperature or late frost will cause flower and fruit drop. Sufficient sunshine is required, otherwise only branches and leaves will grow, the fruit will be less and the oil content will be lower. The requirement of sufficient water, annual precipitation is generally more than 1000 mm, but continuous rainfall in flowering period, affect pollination. It is required to plant in the place with gentle slope and weak erosion. It is not strict with the soil. It is generally suitable for the acid soil with deep soil layer, but not suitable for the place with many stones and hard soil.

geographical distribution

Camellia oleifera is one of the four major woody oil plants in the world. It grows in the high mountains and hills in the subtropical region of southern China. It is a pure natural high-grade oil plant unique to China. It is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, with an annual output of only about 200000 tons.

cultivation techniques

Methods of reproduction

Camellia oleifera is propagated by seeds, cuttings or grafting. In order to maintain the excellent characters of parents, cuttings or grafting are often used to raise seedlings, and then planting and afforestation are carried out. The most suitable afforestation season is from the beginning of spring to the beginning of stung, and also in October. Winter is the best for direct seeding.

Sowing and seedling raising

The sowing and seedling raising of Camellia oleifera can be carried out in winter and spring, and it is more suitable to adopt the drilling method. Generally, paddy soil, heavy clay and alkaline reaction soil are not suitable for Camellia oleifera nursery. It is better to choose the slightly acidic soil distribution area with flat terrain, shelter from wind and sunshine, fertile texture and good water retention and drainage performance. Before sowing, make a good seedbed and apply enough base fertilizer, and then cover it with a layer of fine fertilizer soil and a layer of thin grass after sowing, so as to keep the soil moist and make the seeds germinate and dig out as soon as possible. When the seeds germinate and are unearthed, it is necessary to uncover the thin grass on cloudy days or in the evening, and weed and loosen the soil in time.

cuttage propagation

Although Camellia oleifera can be cutted in spring, autumn and summer, it is best to be cutted in summer. The branches with lignified leaves, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests should be selected, and then cut into cuttings about 4cm long with one leaf and one bud. Before cutting, in order to promote rooting, ABT rooting powder should be used to treat it; during cutting, the cuttings should be upright, the leaf surface should be upward, and the spacing between plants and rows should be about 5cm and 15cm; after cutting, the water should be poured and the shed should be built.

Generally, Camellia oleifera will gradually heal and root within 1-2 months after cutting. Before rooting, because the cuttings have no roots, they must be watered in time, so as to accelerate the division of internal cells and germinate new roots as soon as possible. In order to increase the light and promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera, it is necessary to open the shade in the morning and evening or cloudy days after the roots of Camellia oleifera.

Grafting seedling

There are many methods to graft Camellia with Camellia oleifera as rootstock, and the most widely used methods are cutting rootstock, pulling skin grafting and continuous rootstock subcutaneous grafting. When using split rootstock for grafting, some vegetative branches of the original crown should be retained. Depending on the size of the rootstock, 24 scions should be grafted on each rootstock.

The specific operation steps of the two methods are as follows:

Cutting anvil and skin grafting

Broken anvil

Each tree selected 24 main branches with proper branch angle, straight and smooth trunk and no disease and insect pests, and cut them 50-80cm from the ground. Except 23 branches were reserved as nutrient branches, the rest branches were removed;

Washing anvil

The bark of the interface and 5-7 EM below the interface were scrubbed with clean water;

Cutting anvil

Use the grafting knife to cut the saw edge, high inside and low outside;

Ear cutting

On the opposite side or side of the bud, the joint is cut flat, with a little xylem. The length of the cut surface is 1.52em. On the opposite side, the joint is cut short obliquely, with a slope of 30-30, in the shape of a horse ear. Generally, the scion has one leaf and one bud, and the leaves are cut off by 1 / 3-1 / 2;

Cutting anvil

Depending on the size and length of the scion, the grafting knife was used to cut the rootstock two times, the depth was only up to the surface of the xylem, and then the skin was picked out;

Access

The long part of scion was cut to the xylem of the cutting edge of the stock, aligned with the straight edge, slightly exposed white, and the short joint of scion was wrapped with the strip of the stock;

Bandage

Wrap the joint with elastic plastic film from bottom to top to prevent scion displacement;

Moisturizing and shading

Cover the rootstock with proper plastic bag to keep moisture, and tie the bamboo shoot shell or waste kraft paper in the outer layer of the bag to shade from east to west;

Administration

After that, pay attention to protect the moisturizing bag within one month to prevent human and animal damage and insect bite. When the new shoots touch the moisturizing bag, the moisturizing bag can be removed (preferably in the evening or rainy days). The shading material should be kept, the cut should be sealed with wax, and the sprouts should be removed in time. When it is found that the new shoots are too long, the top center can be removed, and the support should be set in time to prevent wind break and diseases and insect pests from damaging the new shoots.

Continuous subcutaneous grafting

Ear cutting

The spike was cut into a short spike of 2-3 em with one leaf and one bud in the shape of a horse ear at both ends, and then flattened with a knife on the opposite side of the petiole, with a little depth of xylem, and 1 / 3 or 1 / 2 of the leaves were cut off;

Cutting anvil

The grafted parts were washed with clean water at the trunk 50-80 EM above the ground, and then incised into "n" or "H" shape with a knife tip;

Embedded ear

The cut scion is embedded in the skin groove of the rootstock, the strip of the rootstock is covered on the scion, and the elastic film band is used to bind.

Field management

seed selection

Camellia oleifera seeds should be selected from the following four aspects: leaf selection, plant selection, fruit selection and seed selection. The fresh and high-quality seeds with large grain, plump, dark brown seed shell, no disease spot and luster should be selected.

Pay attention to the storage method of seeds: after the tea fruit is picked, it should not be retted or exposed to the sun. It should be spread thinly in a well ventilated and dry place to let it naturally crack and thresh. The seeds should be stored in the shade. Generally, wet sand is used to accumulate on the surface for storage, and kiln storage can also be used.

Careful land preparation

Land preparation should be carried out at the summer and autumn festivals one year before afforestation. In mountainous areas, mountain cutting and mountain refining should be carried out before land preparation. The methods of land preparation include comprehensive land preparation, belt land preparation and block land preparation. Appropriate land preparation methods should be adopted according to local conditions.

Prepare for cultivation

In the suitable planting place, according to the spacing of 2 × 3.3 meters, open hole for cultivation

Chinese PinYin : You Cha