Panlongjiang

Panlongjiang

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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It is located in Kunming, Central Yunnan Province. The upstream is called Yangmu River, which originates from Baishapo at the Western foot of Liangwang in the northwest of Songming County. It flows through Yangmu River in the west, Aziying River in the southeast, Shizishan mountain and Lengshuihe River in the southwest, Songhuaba Reservoir in the southwest, Guandu District, Wuhua and Panlong districts in Kunming, and Dianchi Lake near Fubao in Guandu District in the southwest. It has a total length of 108 kilometers and a drainage area of 847 square kilometers. The average flow is 7.17 m3 / s, the maximum flow is 126 m3 / s, and the annual runoff is 275 million m3. It belongs to Jinshajiang River system. The main tributaries are Lengshuihe

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Basin scope

It originates from the high mountains in the northern suburb of Kunming, and then passes through Kunming City from north to south, thus becoming the dividing line of the four urban areas of Kunming (after September 2004). Desheng bridge is the intersection of the four urban boundaries, so it is called "one bridge across four districts". After that, it flows southward and finally joins Dianchi Lake in the southern suburb of Kunming. Panlong River is one of the few water areas in Kunming city. In winter, it is also the place where red headed gulls gather. Here, the beautiful landscape of harmonious coexistence of human and gull is formed.

The main source of Panlong River is Yangmu River (also called Xiaohe), which originates from zhalaqing of Gele Mountain at the north foot of Liangwang mountain in Songming County. It flows into Xiaohe township of Guandu District from the south of huangshiyan, with a length of 54km, a runoff area of 373km2, a maximum discharge of 122km3 / s, and a source elevation of 2600m. The Branch source of Panlong River is Shaodian River (also called Lengshui River), whose source is longmaqing, passing through baiyibazi and passing through Dianwei gorge It is 29.4km long, with a runoff area of 149.5km2 and a maximum discharge of 67.2km3/s. Two rivers in the Small River Township chahezui into a water, known as the Panlong River. Panlong River flows eastward through Panlong bridge and Sanjia village to Songhuaba Reservoir. After leaving the reservoir, it passes through Shangba, Zhongba, Yushu, luosuopo, Langkou, BeiCang, Linyu bridge, jindaoying, zhangjiaying and other villages to enter Kunming urban area. It passes through Tongji, Furun, Nantai, Baoshang, Desheng, SHUANGLONGQIAO to luoshiwan village to leave the urban area. It passes through nanyaochuan Nanba of Guandu District, and goes to chenjiaying, zhangjiamiao, Yanjia The lake flows into Dianchi Lake from Jinjia village, Liangjia Village, Jinjia village to Hongjia village. From its main source to Dianchi Lake, the total length is 95.3km, the runoff area is 903km2, the annual average runoff is 357 million cubic meters, the river basin elevation is 1890-2280m, the widest part of the runoff area is 23km, and the narrowest part is 7.3km.

Architecture on the river

Songhuaba is a huge reservoir with a catchment area of nearly 600 square kilometers. It is said that it was first proposed by saidianchi zhansiding in Yuan Dynasty. In the past hundreds of years, the Panlongjiang river was often flooded in rainy season, the nearby farmland was flooded, and the riverside houses were flooded. In 1946, Kunming people built Guchang reservoir, and in 1958, Songhuaba Reservoir was built on the basis of Guchang reservoir. After years of expansion, a modern dam stands majestically between the two mountain openings, blocking the water from the upstream and regulating the water level of Panlong River all year round. The flood in Kunming has completely become history, and saidianchi's dream has finally become a reality.

environmental protection

Pollution status

Panlong River starts from Liangwang mountain in the northwest of Songming County in the north and ends at renhaikou of Dianchi Lake in Haigeng village, Fuhai Township, Guandu District in the East Bank of Dianchi Lake in the south, with a total length of 105 km. The river flows out from Songhua Dam, passes through the city and flows into Dianchi Lake. It is the only river that crosses the urban area of Kunming and the cradle of the growth of people of all ethnic groups in Kunming. However, the mother river of Kunming people failed to escape the misfortune of becoming the victim of industrialization. Because of the uncontrolled discharge of industrial waste water, domestic sewage and garbage, it lost its former beauty. Although the government began to treat it since the mid-1990s, the water quality of Panlong River is still inferior to class v. Panlong River is the main river flowing into Dianchi Lake. The water quality of Panlong River directly affects the treatment project of Dianchi Lake.

Causes of pollution

1. The water source of Panlong River is insufficient. It comes from Songhuaba Reservoir with little water.

2. Along the way through Kunming City, a large number of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage are discharged into Panlong River.

3. A few years ago, the river bed was turned into stone without water and grass, which reduced the self evolution ability of the river.

In Zhongba village, the upper part of Panlong River, the water is very clear, but when it comes to liaojiamiao, the water quality begins to deteriorate. A lot of domestic sewage has been discharged into the river, and many plastic bags are floating on the water. Two cleaners who are fishing for the domestic garbage said that they are responsible for the cleaning work of the river three kilometers from Dahua bridge to Linyu bridge. From 7 a.m. to 2 p.m., they have to fish out at least 400 kilograms of river garbage.

The section from Beierhuan road to nanbazha (main city section) is 7.6km long, which is the middle section of Panlong River. The mother river pan Longjiang looks beautiful and soft in this section. In winter, the night is clear and soft, and the wind from the river is cold. Walking from Taoyuan Street to Nanba Road, you can see endless scenery along the river. In Taoyuan square, some old people play erhu and Yangko in the night wind. The children skated through it, laughing and fighting. There are many people walking along the river at night, most of them are residents who come out for a walk after supper. The shops on both sides of the river, occasionally there will be singing, string song, dim night, dim lights, highlighting the prosperity and beauty of the city. Pink streetlights were lit on both sides of the river, flashing. The middle section of Panlong River is clear, and the lights reflect the quietly flowing river. Two years ago, because of the rapid growth of the urban population in Kunming, this section was filthy and polluted. On June 8, 2006, the Kunming municipal government made up its mind to renovate the Panlongjiang river. Starting from the middle section of the river, it mainly carried out pollution control and river training. With a total length of 26.53 km, there are more than 40 villages along the Panlong River, including 316 outlets, including 120 sewage outlets. It is the largest and longest of 29 rivers entering Yunnan in Kunming City, with about 25000 cubic meters of mixed sewage flowing into Panlong River every day.

Historical development

Marco Polo, a world-famous traveler, recorded: "when you arrive at the provincial capital, Yaqi (Yachi, Kunming) is a magnificent city. There are merchants and craftsmen living together in the city. There are idolaters, Nestorians, Saracens or Muslims, but the number of idolaters is the largest. Local rice and wheat production is very abundant... " It is not difficult to see from Marco Polo's records that Kunming used to be so prosperous. The prosperity and prosperity of Kunming in the Yuan Dynasty are inseparable from this river. Without this water channel to ensure the smooth flow of the city with the outside world, Kunming can only be regarded as an ordinary and dry inland city. All the prosperity and noise are just a distant dream for it.

Yuan dynasty

Panlongjiang was flooded before the Yuan Dynasty. In 1274, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, sent saidianchi weisiding to bring an army to set up Yunnan provincial government on the North Bank of Dianchi Lake, the intersection of Yixi, Yidong and Yinan. They built Songhuaba Reservoir in the upper reaches of Panlong River, excavated Haikou in the southwest of Dianchi Lake for flood discharge, and built more than ten rivers, such as Jinzhi River, Yinzhi River, Shudao Yudai River, Maliao River and Baoxiang River, to divert Panlong River, turning Wanqing marsh into a land of fish and rice with "fragrant rice all around, clear sand all around". A large number of ships, pack horses and other means of transport were concentrated around dadeqiao and Yunjin wharf. This prosperity lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

the Ming dynasty

During the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, when Kunming city was built, Wang Hai, a geomantic master specially invited by muying, a general guarding Yunnan, once predicted that Yunnan would win Jiangnan five hundred years later. In this way, in order to "win Jiangnan", Kunming people first transformed Dianchi Lake. In 1273, three thousand Kunming people worked hard for three years to open the Haikou of Dianchi Lake and build Shilong dam, which began to conquer the flood of Dianchi Lake. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of Yunnan's social economy, large-scale dredging of Haikou, dredging of river channels, construction of gates and dams reached 18 times.

tourist resources

Eight rivers

Panlong River runs through the whole Bazi of Kunming. It has been flowing continuously for thousands of years, giving birth to the colorful Panlong River culture with rich connotation. Panlong River flows out from Songhuaba Reservoir and will flow to the section from xiaocaiyuan overpass to beihegeng in Kunming. It used to be called badahe. From the late 1950s to the mid 1960s, badahe was a good place for Kunming students in spring and summer. Panlong River here, to a S-shaped big turn, in this big turn, is the era of Kunming young students water paradise. The teachers and students of Yunnan University, college for nationalities, Kunming Institute of technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming metallurgical engineering school, Kunming School of geology, Kunming No.30 middle school and Kunming No.7 Middle School, as well as senior students and teachers of some primary schools nearby, all regarded the badahe River as a natural natatorium. The water of Panlong River at that time was crystal clear, and the boatman on Panlong River and the residents along Panlong River lived and drank Water comes from the river.

The eight rivers are the fields and woods with the willows on the banks. In spring and summer, there are a lot of people here. On the bank and in the water, there are all people. Deep water is a good place for swimmers to break the waves, forge ahead against the current and show their skills. Shallow water is the beginning

Chinese PinYin : Pan Long Jiang