Wansong Academy

Wansong academy is located on Wansong ridge in the north of Fenghuang mountain, surrounded by mountains on three sides and water on one side, namely West Lake. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong respectively granted "Zhejiang water Fuwen" and "Hushan cuixiu" during their southern tour.

The Academy was originally named Baoen temple during the reign of Zhenyuan (785-804) of Tang Dynasty, and was converted into Wansong Academy in the 11th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1498). It is the largest, longest and most influential gathering place of scholars in Hangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Wang Yangming, a famous scholar of Ming Dynasty, once gave lectures here.

But what makes this place even more famous is the well-known folk story Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. It is said that this is the place where Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai are classmates. The sad love between Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai makes Wansong academy become a marriage place for men and women. It is famous all over the province, so it is named "Wansong Shuyuan", which is also the sixth of "three comments on the ten sceneries of the West Lake".

Wansong Academy

Wansong academy, founded in the reign of emperor Zhenyuan of Tang Dynasty (785-804), is known as Baoen temple. In the 11th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), zhoumu, a member of Zhejiang right political party, was converted into Wansong Academy. Wang Yangming, a cardiologist of Ming Dynasty, once gave lectures here. Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty inscribed the plaque of "zheshui Fuwen" for the Academy, so it was renamed Fuwen Academy. At present, there is still a memorial archway with the four characters of "model of the world's teacher" and a stone tablet with the figure of Confucius as the most sage and forerunner.

brief introduction

Wansong academy is located on Wansong ridge in the north of Fenghuang mountain. It was built in the period of Zhengyuan (785-804) of Tang Dynasty and was named Baoen temple. In the 11th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), zhoumu, a member of Zhejiang right political party, was converted into Wansong Academy. Wang Yangming, a deputy scholar of Ming Dynasty, once gave a lecture here. Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty inscribed the plaque of "zheshui Fuwen" for the Academy, so it was renamed Fuwen Academy. At present, there is still a memorial archway with the four characters of "model of the world's teacher" and a stone tablet with the figure of Confucius as the most sage and forerunner.

Wansong academy is located in wansongling of Fenghuang mountain on the south edge of West Lake. It was founded in 1498. Wansong academy, once known as Taihe academy and Fuwen academy, was the largest, longest and most influential gathering place of scholars in Hangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Wang Yangming of Ming Dynasty and Qi Zhaonan of Qing Dynasty once gave lectures here, and Yuan Mei, a poet of Suiyuan, also studied here. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong respectively granted "Zhejiang water Fuwen" and "Hushan cuixiu" during their southern tour.

In July 2001, Hangzhou started the reconstruction project of Wansong academy, which was restored according to the architectural style of Ming Dynasty. The planning area is more than 50000 square meters, and the building area is 1200 square meters. The main buildings of the Academy include Yangsheng gate, Mingdao hall, Dacheng hall, Yuxiu Pavilion, etc. Among them, Yuxiu pavilion was originally a place to receive visiting scholars from all over the world. Now there is a "Liang Zhu study", which shows the scene of Liang Zhu's hard study in those years and "no guessing on both sides". Mingdao hall is a lecture hall of academies, which displays the imperial examination culture of China. Dacheng hall is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, and there is a mural of "Confucius teaching map".

In order to make Wansong academy fully reproduce the three functions of ancient academy, including book collection, sacrifice and lecture, and make visitors have a more intuitive and clear understanding of the ancient academy's educational form, Hangzhou municipal government invested in the construction of additional lecture hall Zhengyi hall and some supporting facilities in 2004. Its architectural style and interior furnishing style come down in one continuous line with the original building, that is, it completely shows the ancient academy The style of Dai academy meets the actual needs of modern tourism. The additional part was opened to tourists on October 1, 2004.

On October 20, 2007, at the opening ceremony of the West China Expo, the results of "three reviews and ten sceneries of the West Lake" were announced. Wansong academy is known as Wansong Shuyuan, and has become one of the ten sceneries of the new generation of West Lake.

At the beginning of its establishment

In the early days of its establishment, Wansong Academy had a large scale, and the main building layout followed the official school's "left temple and right school" shape. There is Confucius hall near the mountain on the left. Confucius hall is the original Baoen temple building, three Bay, after repair, a new look, is the Academy of sacrifice place. There is yanleting in front of the hall. Platform and Juhu platform will be built at high altitude. On the right side of Confucius hall, there is Wansong gate in front and Mingdao hall behind. The hall is a five bay, spacious and open classroom for teachers to "explain the scriptures". There are five rooms on each side of the west corridor, where teachers and students study by themselves.

In the early stage, the internal organization of Wansong Academy was relatively simple, including recruiting students, supervisors and Juren; employing erudite scholars as mountain leaders, and virtuous scholars as professors; and initially establishing the academic rules and regulations of the Academy.

Introduction to Ming Dynasty

After the initial exploration and practice, Wansong Academy in the Ming Dynasty gradually became an influential and well-known Academy in the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

In the 16th year of Zhengde (1521), Tang Fengyi and others presided over the first major maintenance in the history of Wansong Academy: the construction of two stone squares, the renovation and reinforcement of the original buildings, and the expansion of the students' dormitory. After the reconstruction, the Academy became the largest Academy in Hangzhou. In the fourth year of Jiajing reign (1525), under the advocacy of Pan Jingzhe, Wansong academy expanded its buildings, houses, and houses with a total of 36 couplets, added a number of sacrificial fields, and completed sacrificial utensils, recruiting more than 100 excellent students from inside and outside the province. In the ninth year of Jiajing reign (1530), Gu Xun, the left governor of Zhejiang Province, and others opened up mountains and roads to raise funds for the construction of three pavilions, including Zhenyi, which made Shilin a scene of academies.

Since then, Wansong Academy was founded by officials and deeply influenced by Wang Yangming's "mind learning", and suffered a heavy blow from the rulers.

In the 33rd year of Jiajing (1554), sun Meng, the governor of Hangzhou, rebuilt Wansong Academy in the ruins, restored the main buildings such as Minglun hall, and added Juren and Youyi houses. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Juzheng, a cabinet minister, destroyed the academies of the world. Fortunately, with the support of Xu Jie, a bachelor, Xie Shiqi, the governor of Zhejiang Province, and Qiao, a scholar, begged again and again for the reason of "Wansong academy is a sacrifice to the sages, but it should not be destroyed". In the end, Wansong academy escaped the disaster. Therefore, it was renamed as "Xianxian Temple", which existed despite its name's death. In 1632-1633, Chongzhen was finally destroyed in the war.

According to the history of the Ming Dynasty, at the time of Zhengde and Jiajing, scholars "gathered for lectures, established academies, and looked at each other far and near.". At that time, the wind of lecturing was prevailing in the academies. Influenced by Wang Shouren's "mind learning" theory, Wansong academy attaches great importance to "explaining the truth" and advocates academic debate and exchange; attaches great importance to self-study, advocates independent discussion, and cultivates students' independent academic ability; and advocates helping each other, promoting each other, and guiding each other in morality, so as to make the day more brilliant. The curriculum is relatively simple, students can choose courses freely, "to fill the good, cultivate their strong points", give full play to the students' strengths and interests; oppose the pursuit of fame and wealth for the purpose of learning, advocate the "explore the essence of reason, seek the source of governance" of the pragmatic style of study. In the early years of Wanli, the ruling class again mentioned Cheng Zhu's thought and theory of "Ju Jing Qiong Li", and denounced Wang Shouren's theory as "pseudo learning and stealing names". In order to cater to the rulers, Ma yingmeng, the censor of salt inspection, added Jidao hall, Qiong Li and Ju Jing Er Zhai. In the late Ming Dynasty, academies were gradually controlled by the government. Under the control of the imperial examination system, the purpose of students' learning is just to pass the imperial examination and earn an official position.

At the beginning of Wanli, the Confucius Temple offered additional statues of Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhang Zai and Zhu Xi. The sacrificial activities were presided over by a deacon sent by Xi'an doctor's office.

The rulers of Ming Dynasty often changed their policies on academy education, which led to the rise and fall of academies. Since Jiajing, with the support of the imperial court, the academy has been demolished five times. Therefore, in the hundred years from 1521 to 1633, Wansong academy went through ups and downs with the unpredictable political situation, and experienced its ups and downs.

Architecture

Yangsheng gate

Yangsheng gate is one of the main buildings of Wansong Academy. "Gao Shan Yang Zhi" is taken from Sima Qian's historical records. "Looking up to the sage" means that people respect Confucius. Yangsheng gate is a ceremonial gate to remind people that they must be well dressed and revered when they enter the Academy. Yucui gate is the second gate on the central axis. Yucui means to cultivate learned and moral people.

Mingdao Hall

It is one of the main buildings of Wansong Academy. Ancient academies have three functions: lecturing, offering sacrifices and collecting books. Mingdao hall, the lecture hall of Wansong academy, now displays the great work of Chinese imperial examination. The wing rooms on both sides are Juren and Youyi Er xuezhai. It used to be a place for college students to study and stay. It is taken from Mencius's idea that "to be benevolent and to be righteous, to practice and use one's own integrity", which means that if one has the will of benevolence and righteousness, he has everything.

Dacheng Hall

"Dacheng" is the evaluation of Confucius by Mencius. He said: "Confucius is called jidacheng", which praises Confucius for reaching the state of integrating ancient sages and sages. The display of Dacheng hall highlights "Ode to sage" to praise Confucius' great thought and profound culture. Confucius statues and four accompaniments (Fusheng Yanzi, Zongsheng Zengzi, Shusheng Zisi, Yasheng Mencius) are displayed on both sides of the wall in the form of murals. They are Xingtan teaching, reading Yi Yougan, Wuyu Congyou, Taishan politics, Zigong CI Xing, Zhongxin Jishui, Shixi Lujun, Liluo. Bronze sacrificial vessels were set up. In front of the hall, there are two stele pavilions of Zeng Wei and Yan Le, and the steles are copied by the handwriting of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Kangxi.

Entrance relief

On the left, "teacher worship" reflects the traditional Chinese virtue of respecting teachers and valuing education, and on the right, "daily lessons" is a portrayal of teachers' tireless teaching and scholars' assiduous pursuit.

Chinese PinYin : Wan Song Shu Yuan