Haiyun Temple

Haiyun Temple

Haiyun temple, located in chenbian village, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, is a beautiful hill called Leifeng mountain. There was an ancient temple on the hillside, which was demolished during the Anti Japanese war. Nowadays, there are many trees and leaves in the mountains. Occasionally, there are broken walls, broken bricks and broken porcelain in the grass. In the solitude, the Buddhist light in the forest reflects the light of the ancient temple history. " This is the scene of the former site of Haiyun Temple described by Professor Qiu Jiang of the Institute of Chinese ancient literature, Sun Yat sen University.

Haiyun temple, perhaps not very familiar with its name today, has a long and distinguished history: it was built in the Southern Han Dynasty (917-971 AD) and donated by maritime merchants. It is an important witness of the maritime Silk Road in Guangzhou; it is a gathering place of literati and poets in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, forming the "Haiyun poetry school" and "Haiyun calligraphy school" in Lingnan culture; from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it is a place of great influence, It is famous as one of the "four jungles in central Guangdong"

Brief introduction to the temple

Haiyun temple, built during the Southern Han Dynasty (917-971), was originally a Buddhist temple donated by maritime merchants. It was once known as Longxing Temple and Leifeng temple. In the early Qing Dynasty, a generation of eminent monks and natural mages were stationed in xigai temple, rebuilt and expanded, and named Haiyun temple. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Haiyun temple was famous as "one of the four jungles in central Guangdong". After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Panyu was occupied and temples were destroyed. Starting from 2008, Guangdong Province plans to rebuild Haiyun temple. In 2014, Haiyun temple was designated as one of the 100 key projects by Guangzhou municipal government.

Historical evolution

When talking about Haiyun temple, the founder of Haiyun temple should first introduce the first ancestor of Haiyun Temple -- Lingnan eminent monk in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and the natural monk of the 34th generation of caodongzong, one of the five leaves of Zen. Natural Zen master, whose name is Hanshi, whose name is Lizhong, Zhai and Xiatang, has a natural name. His common surname is Zeng, whose name is Qishen, and his name is zhaishi. He was born in Panyu in 1608. He was born in a famous family. He was admitted to Ju Ren at the age of 26, but he had no intention of official career. Regardless of his family's opposition, he went to Lu Guizong temple at the age of 33 . In 1642, he was invited by Chen Zizhuang, a famous gentry of Jin Dynasty, to open an altar in Guangxiao temple. He was also known as the two great adherent monks of Lingnan in the early Qing Dynasty. Qian Qianyi, a sacrificial wine in the literary world, was compared to the "Er Ju" under the empty seat. Shunzhi five years (1648) spring, by Panyu Leifeng Longxing Temple main spin nunnery, came to Longxing Temple.

Yang Quan, a professor of the Institute of ancient literature of Sun Yat sen University, pointed out in his biography of natural Hanshi Zen master: "Leifeng is very secluded and secluded, so it is suitable for meditation. On the other hand, it is not far from the provincial capital, so it is quite convenient to contact all sides. Therefore, as soon as the natural mage arrived here, he had a strong interest in it. As a disciple, xuanan (Dharma name Jinzhan) also intended to leave this place to master to manage. So, with the help of his disciples, the master rebuilt it, and finally "built a small courtyard to become a famous temple" and realized the transformation of the temple Yang Quan also pointed out that although Haiyun temple was built on the basis of Longxing Temple, its architectural style has been completely different, and the building scale is far beyond Longxing Temple's ability to compare, so it is actually a new temple.

Construction works

The construction of Haiyun temple in that year was a long-term project. According to the stele of Haiyun temple in Leifeng mountain, Volume 11 of jianxingtang collection, written by Jinshi, a disciple of natural mage, the construction of the temple started in 1649 and was not completed until 1674, which took more than 25 years. It is not difficult to imagine the scale of the project, the difficulty of construction work and the huge cost of money.

After 20 or 30 years of hard work, Haiyun temple was finally completed. When a grand and magnificent new temple appeared in Leifeng, the eyes of the people who came to worship the Buddha were all bright. The natural monk, who is nearly 70 years old, inscribed plaques in person, such as "Fu Yue Tang", "Zhao Yue Tang", "Ru Hu Tang", "Zhi canteen" and so on. He named the Abbot's room he lived in "blind hall". On August 27, the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), the natural Zen master passed away here. He lived 78 years old and lived 45 years as a monk.

The natural monk is neither overbearing nor abased. As an eminent monk with great personality charm, he gained the support of many "tanyue" (Buddhist terms, referring to the believers who give food and clothing to the monks or hold Dharma meetings) in human and material resources when building Haiyun temple. Among the people who helped to build Haiyun temple were rich families, rich owners, gentry, scholars, soldiers and officials. One of them had a very special status. He was the king of Pingnan, the king of the troubled times who was in the south

Yang Quan said, "Shang Kexi killed people like hemp in the robbery of Gengyin. His hands were covered with the blood of the anti Qing scholars, and he was also hideous and hideous. He could not escape the appearance of an executioner. However, after he entered Guangdong, he wantonly flattered the Buddha and often appeared as "great tanyue", donating money to build temples. In doing so, he simply wanted to "eliminate" his crime of killing others with the help of Buddhist power, so as to achieve "happiness" in the next life.

Master of the temple

Natural mage was a famous monk at that time, and naturally became the object that Shang Kexi wanted to make friends with. However, the mage didn't like Shang Kexi. Although he was willing to accept his donation for the construction of the temple, he didn't want to get close to him.

Shangkexi is respectful to the mage, and the mage is neither overbearing nor abased to shangkexi. " Jinbian, a disciple of the mage, once wrote: "the king of Pingnan gave up the invitation to the emperor. He repeatedly said that he was ill and refused to accept it. He reluctantly went out to the guest of honor. He was polite and went back the next day. The teacher is so stubborn and rash. " Shang Kexi also invested a large sum of money to cast a large bronze Buddha for Haiyun temple, but the master didn't let him make a big splash. It can be seen from the money of the bronze Buddha that "the master of Longxing Temple of Leifeng II at the foot of Boshan is naturally a monk who leads Da tanyue to cast it.". "A" rate "word, that is, point out the primary and secondary superiority and inferiority. It can be seen that the mage is not opposed to using the power of high-ranking officials to promote the Dharma, but he thinks that there is a prerequisite for doing so, that is, he must maintain his integrity and dignity.

The reason why the mage deliberately distanced himself from Shang Kexi was that he had long known that he was not good at virtue. The mage once said, "King Ping has Buddha nature but no fixed force. The disaster of Xiao Qiang is near at present, not to mention others? "Later facts, as he predicted.". Yang Quan pointed out that due to the reputation and great influence of natural mages, a large number of "Cao Dongzong" Legalists with Haiyun temple as the core were formed in Lingnan area at that time.

This group, known as "Haiyun Zen sect", is led by natural mages. Among them, ten Zen monks are the most famous. They are "Haiyun Shijin", the ten disciples of natural mage.

Inheriting culture

Historical influence: the birthplace of Cao Dongzong

Haiyun temple in Leifeng is a historical witness of Guangzhou's foreign trade, a resort of Lingnan traditional culture, and a famous place for the resurgence of Lingnan Buddhism in the early Qing Dynasty. At that time, both natural monk and his disciples were famous poem monks. Qu Dajun, Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan, as well as Chen Zizhuang, Li suiqiu, Liang Chaozhong, Su Manzhu, Wang bangji and Zhang Mu, are all famous poets in Lingnan. They all have poetry collections handed down from generation to generation, and have produced "Haiyun poetry school" and "Haiyun calligraphy school". Some of them are outstanding calligraphers in Lingnan history.

Haiyun Temple enjoys a high religious status in Lingnan Buddhism. It is said that when Su Dongpo, a great writer of the Song Dynasty, was demoted to Lingnan, he once passed Guangzhou to shiliugang (now Xinjiao, Haizhu District) on the outskirts of the city. There was a Qingyou ancient temple in the distance, so he asked someone to ferry to Haiyun Temple (then called Longxing Temple) on Leifeng mountain. He witnessed the quiet ancient road and improvised the title of "jin'ou ancient road". Therefore, Haiyun temple is also known as "jin'ou Temple". Since then, Haiyun temple in Leifeng mountain has become a place for scholars to explore. The first natural monk in Kaishan is the 34th descendant of Cao Dongzong, one of the five leaves of Zen. The famous temples created or expanded by natural monks and their disciples include Haiyun temple, haizhuang temple, wuzhuan temple, Jiean temple, biechuan temple, huashoutai temple, Qixian temple, Guizong temple, etc.

Far reaching impact

The natural monk, his own teacher daodu, his younger brother Hanke, and his disciples' scriptures and quotations of three generations of monks were all collected in Jiaxing Tibet, Zhejiang Province, which reflects the status of Cao Dongzong's natural family in Lingnan Buddhism. It is said that several temples in Japan belong to the caodong sect, which shows the far-reaching influence of Haiyun temple. Pan Meiyuan, a scholar in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem about Haiyun Temple: "it's majestic and magnificent. It's near the river, and the sky is full of stone buildings at sunset. There are three peaks of Huiyun temple in the mountain. When the water comes to leimen wanpai, it is only after passing the stream bridge that one can rest. There is no need to pillow the window of the moon. This is a reflection of the magnificent scene of Haiyun temple.

The natural monks of the Shang Dynasty were knowledgeable, noble, loyal and patriotic, undaunted to power, and had high prestige in the society, especially among the scholars. When the Qing army went south and the Ming Dynasty was destroyed, many old men who fought against the Qing Dynasty or did not want to be shunmin of the Qing Dynasty fled to their homes one after another, forming a situation of "King Xie was a monk for ten years". In fact, the natural monks became the patrons, guides and spiritual leaders of the adherents of the Ming Dynasty. Haiyun Temple became the place where the adherents of the Ming Dynasty settled down and was also a sacred fortress to resist the invasion of the Qing army after the death of the Ming Dynasty.

Ancient and modern status

Haiyun temple is one of the four famous temples in Guangdong Province. It is located in chenbian village, Nanyu Town, Panyu city, Guangdong Province

Chinese PinYin : Hai Yun Si